Human Nutrition Chapter 7 Assignment, Diet Analysis Case: High Protein Diet, and Assessment

A ________ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.

carbon skeleton

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

denaturation

Increasing protein from 15% of calories to 30% of calories allows more protein to be used for _______.

energy

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height; Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenetics

________ is the study of how nutrients affect the expression of a person's genome.

nutrigenomics

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

peptide bond

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

stomach

Nutrigenetics

Genes

Secondary Stucture

Coiling of polypeptide chain

Primary Structure

Linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Celiac disease is a condition characterized by poor intestinal absorption and intestinal destruction caused by certain dietary proteins. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following meals EXCEPT _______. a casserole made with quinoa ham sandwich made with rye bread a bran muffin barley soup

A casserole made with quinoa

The amino acid profile of a protein in a food helps determine whether that food is a complete or incomplete protein. Which of the following contains incomplete protein? A sandwich made with turkey A casserole made with quinoa A cup of soy milk A peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread

A peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread,

Which of the following statements about protein absorption and transport is FALSE? After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the lymphatic vein. The liver releases proteins into general circulation to be used throughout the body. Very little undigested protein enters the large intestine to be excreted in feces. Amino acids are absorbed into capillaries of villi in the small intestine.

After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the lymphatic vein.

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________.

Celiac disease

Quaternary Structure

Comprised of two or more polypeptide chains

A complete protein _______.

Contains all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts

When a person eats more protein than their body needs the extra protein is _______.

Converted to glucose or fat

In the liver, which chemical reactions are involved in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids? Check all that apply. Deamination Ammonification Mutation Transamination Peptidation

Deamination Transamination

Consuming excess dietary protein and amino acids _______.

Does not build muscle

A person consuming more than 100 g of protein daily may experience _______.

Elevated UUN levels

Ava is trying to add more protein to her diet. Which of the following foods would you recommend to Ava as the richest source of natural protein? Baked beans (vegetarian), 1/2 cup Hamburger (80% lean), 4 oz Peanut butter (smooth), 2 Tbsp Bagel, whole-grain

Hamburger (80% lean), 4 oz

If a 180 pound man eats an adequate diet, with about 2220 kcals, approximately what percentage of protein calories are used to build muscle?

8%

Which of the following statements is true? In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.

Which of the following are the most common food allergens in the United States? Check all that apply. Corn Tree nuts Eggs Crustacean shellfish Avocados Pineapple Peanuts Wheat

Eggs Peanuts Wheat Tree nuts Crustacean shellfish

The RDA for protein for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram body weight. What is Elaine's RDA for protein?

55 grams of protein

Petros, a 33-year-old male, wants to estimate his protein needs based on the AMDR. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Petros follows a 2300-kilocalorie diet, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he consume? 23-81 grams of protein per day 58-201 grams of protein per day 26-89 grams of protein per day 230-805 grams of protein per day

58-201 grams of protein per day

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true? Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries. Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child. All of these choices are correct. Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein.

All of these choices are correct

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen was accidentally exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

Anaphylaxis

Which of the following allergic reactions to foods is the most serious and requires immediate treatment? Anaphylaxis Diarrhea Vomiting Hives

Anaphylaxis

Proteins __________.

Are comprised of amino acids

Which of the following is a complementary protein dish? Check all that apply. Kale salad with sweet potatoes and cranberries Black beans and rice Hummus (mashed chickpeas/garbanzo beans) with sesame seeds Green bean casserole with mushrooms Peanut butter and jelly on whole wheat bread

Black beans and rice Hummus (mashed chickpeas/garbanzo beans) with sesame seeds Peanut butter and jelly on whole wheat bread

Which of the following are common symptoms of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), often called gluten insensitivity? Check all that apply. Peptic ulcer Bloating Abdominal pain Back pain Headache Joint and muscle pain

Bloating Abdominal Pain Headache Joint and muscle pain

What happens when levels of limiting amino acids are insufficient in the diet?

Body proteins containing the limiting amino acid cannot be made

ALL amino acids contain which of the following elements? Check all that apply. Carbon Sulfur Hydrogen Nitrogen Iron Oxygen

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen

Bryce is a pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

Chicken salad

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

For each of the following food sources, rank the food based on the amount of protein provided per serving (1= most protein, 4=least protein). White Rice, cooked (1 cup) Vegetarian baked beans (1/2 cup) Pepperoni Pizza (2 slices) Chicken Breast (4 ounces)

1.) Chicken Breast (4 ounces) 2.) Pepperoni Pizza (2 slices) 3.) Vegetarian baked beans (1/2 cup) 4.) White Rice, cooked (1 cup)

Florencia is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.

10 to 35

If Tomas is a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 166 pounds, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he have to promote protein equilibrium and meet the RDA for protein for a healthy adult? (1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds) 134 grams of protein per day 166 grams of protein per day 75 grams of protein per day 60 grams of protein per day

60 grams of protein per day

Which of the following are major functions of proteins in the body? Check all that apply. In clotting compounds in blood To make certain hormones As components of harded structures, such as hair and nails As part of bile, necessary for lipid digestion and absorption To enhance neural function and prevent dementia As compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance To build antibodies that fight disease organisms

In clotting compounds in blood To make certain hormones As components of harded structures, such as hair and nails As compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance To build antibodies that fight disease organisms

Which of the following is NOT associated with a positive nitrogen balance? Increased levels of cortisol Infancy Increased levels of insulin Resistance exercise Pregnancy

Increased levels of coritsol

An impoverished child living in a developing country is at risk of suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. If this child consumes insufficient dietary protein, what is the physiological consequence? Insufficient protein intake increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Insufficient protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make immune antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes. Insufficient protein intake contributes to atherosclerosis. Insufficient protein intake leads to dangerously high concentrations of blood protein.

Insufficient protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make immune antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes.

Kidney problems may result in __________.

Low UUN and high BUN levels

The child in this photo is malnourished. The child has developed _______, a condition characterized by both edema and wasting.

Marasmic kwashiorkor

Nutrigenomics

Nutrients or food comoponents

In the United States, newborns are routinely screened for PKU. PKU is a disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize the essential amino acid ________.

Phenylalanine

After a discussion with his healthcare provider, Fernando has decided to follow an exclusively plant-based diet over the next several months. Fernando is likely to consume more of which of the following nutrients as a result of changing his diet from primarly animal-based to plant-based? Check all that apply. Calcium Omega-3 fatty acid Potassium Folate Phytonutrients Vitamin B12 Vitamin E

Potassium Folate Phytonutrients Vitamin E

Exclusively plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

Protein

Nonessential Amino Acids are which of the following: Alanine Cysteine Valine Phenylalanine Lysine Serine

Serine Cysteine Alanine

Based on Antonia's current protein intake of 30-40 g of protein daily, how does that compare to her recommended intake of protein according to the RDA for a healthy female adult?

Slightly below her recommended protein intake

Which of the following plant foods provides the most protein per serving?

Sunflower seeds, 2 ounces

Which of the following is NOT considered a major function of proteins in the human body? Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen Synthesis of certain hormones Synthesis of clotting compounds in blood As enzymes to speed chemical reactions

Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have ________ as an ingredient.

Tryptophan

Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be the limiting amino acid in foods?

Tryptophan

Tertiary Structure

Twisted structure of a polypeptide chain that includes interactions between various amino acid groups on the chain

Essential Amino Acids are which of the following: Alanine Cysteine Valine Phenylalanine Lysine Serine

Valine Phenylalanine Lysine

When protein is converted to glucose or fat, how is nitrogen eliminated from the body?

through the kidneys