Human Nutrition Final Exam

It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.

12 months

What is the RDA for calcium in older adults?

1200 mg/day

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.

145ºF

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females?

1600 g/day

What is the EAR for energy in older adult males?

2000 g/day

One should have at least a _______ days supply of food for emergency use.

3

The preconception period is ________ window of time before pregnancy.

3-month

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids Engage in regular physical activity Continue learning and reading All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements are true? All of the choices are correct. Risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages. Signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness, constipation, and mental confusion. The body's water content decreases with advancing age.

All of the choices are correct.

An advantage to infants of being breastfed is ________. reduced risk of middle ear infections reduced risk for upper respiratory tract infections reduced risk of developing obesity reduced risk for diarrhea All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant.

All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant.

Which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults? Loss of teeth All of these choices are correct Depression Reduced mobility and flexibility

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

Antibodies

When selecting foods for an emergency food supply, which of the following criteria is least important?

Are lightweight

Which of the following food preservation methods involves sterlizing a food and its package seperately?

Aseptic processing

Elena recently found out that she is pregnant and wants to know if she can continue her regular daily physical activity routine. Which of the following recommendations might you make to Elena in terms of physical activity during pregnancy?

Avoid maximal load strength training

This is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases in cattle.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Calcium

The toxin produced by ________ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.

Clostridium botulinum

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for preeclampsia?

Correct Woman age 28 years at time of conception

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________.

Correct lose the extrusion reflex

________ is a direct (intentional) food additive.

FD&C Red No. 40

Which federal agency establishes standards for safe food manufacturing practices, such as HACCP programs?

FDA

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

Herbicide

Which of the following statements is true? -Women who breastfeed their babies tend to gain weight at a faster rate than women who choose to formula-feed their infants. -Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of type 1 diabetes in later adulthood. -The composition of human milk remains consistent over time. -Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas

Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas.

Which of the following statements is true? Because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age. Snacks have no place in a child's diet. It is not unusual for children to have food jags. A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate slows.

It is not unusual for children to have food jags.

________ is the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live.

Life expectancy

The bacteria most commonly associated with unpasteurized milk and cheeses

Listeria monocytogenes

This bacteria the illness listeriosis.

Listeria monocytogenes

Which of the following is a typical sign you might expect to see in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Low nasal bridge Smaller-than-normal head circumference Reduced width of eye opening Thin upper lip (all are correct)^^

Nyala is 20 weeks pregnant and has read online about the potential benefits of taking a particular over-the-counter medication to help with management of some of the symptoms she has been experiencing during her pregnancy. Which of the following statements about medication use during pregnancy is FALSE?

Most medications have been tested in pregnant women and have been deemed safe by the FDA.

The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

Plastic wrap

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults? (part 2)

Potassium

Which of the following factors has a positive effect on a school-age child's diet?

Seeing their parent's eating a nutritous, balanced diet

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel.

Anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps should she avoid?

Thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter.

________ is a foodborne roundworm that cause parasitic infections from infected pork.

Trichinella spiralis

Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting beef, poultry and other food animals for diseases before and after slaughter?

USDA

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women?

Vitamin D

Which of the following statements about infertility is FALSE? -In the United States, approximately 15% of couples experiences infertility. -Infertility is the failure to conceive after 12 months of trying to become pregnant. -Hormonal imbalances and genetic factors both contribute to infertility. -While nutrition is important following conception, there is little evidence that diet impacts infertility.

While nutrition is important following conception, there is little evidence that diet impacts infertility.

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve ________.

a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges

Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ________ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.

adolescence

Age-related dementia includes ________. Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease all of these are correct vascular dementia

all of these are correct

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by severe birth defects that occur in infants whose mothers ________.

drank alcohol excessively during pregnancy

The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores ________.

during the third trimester

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed ________.

eclampsia

Growth plates at the end of long bones are called ________.

epiphyses

To keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ________.

exercise

The medical specialty that focuses on the healthcare needs of older adults is called _______.

geriatrics

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________.

heat to kill pathogens

Your brother and his wife have been trying to conceive for the past several months, but the wife is not yet pregnant. To increase her chances of conception, which of the following dietary recommendations would you make?

increase intake of vegetables

Clint is 82 years of age. Compared to when he was 27 years of age, his ________ now.

kidney cells don't function as well

Which is NOT a common mealtime challenge with preschoolers?

pica

During the second trimester, a normal weight mother will gain how much weight?

1 pound per week

Infant iron stores are typically exhausted by ________ of age and need to be replaced by their diet.

4 to 6 months

Average additional dietary energy requirements for lactation are approximately ________ kcal per day.

800

Forty-year old-Mateo has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Mateo to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? All of these choices are correct. Engage in regular physical activity Continue learning and reading Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids

All of these choices are correct.

Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets? meal skipping eating out snacking All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Exposure to a bacterial infection during fetal life may result in ________. -all of these are correct -a miscarriage -stillbirth -a preterm delivery

all of these are correct

What factor(s) contributes to childhood obesity? High-fat, high-energy snacks Genetics Little physical activity Increased levels of "screen time" All of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ________.

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list

Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

arthritis

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________.

colostrum

During which trimester is the most critical time for development?

first

To help children develop good nutritional habits, ________.

let children make some choices about the food they eat

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________.

lipids

Bernice is 91 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

low annual income

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescent females is ________ intake.

low iron

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________.

more sugar-sweetened beverages

The let-down reflex is inhibited by ________.

nervous tension and fatigue

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

rice

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________.

the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

thirst sensation

All of the following are recommendations of the FDA in regards to the selection and use of cutting boards EXCEPT ________.

to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood

Which of the following structures pass from the placenta to the embryo/fetus?

umbilical cord