Human Nutrition Midterm

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

Fat free milk

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo?

Folate is needed for proper cell division.

Check any accurate statement from the list below

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles

________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.

Glycogenesis

________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

Glycogenolysis

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

Ground beef

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

Major functions of lipids include?

Help in production of steroid hormones, serve as an energy source, cushion body against bumps and blows

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

K

________ is the formation of ketone bodies in liver cells from the excess of acetyl CoA produced.

Ketogenesis

Which of the following statements describes lactic acid?

Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions.

________ acid is an essential fatty acid?

Linoleic

The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

Liver

________ are water-soluble vitamins

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

On average, a healthy adult can metabolize the equivalent of how many drink(s) per hour?

One

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has ________.

PKU

In the body, lipids?

Provide insulation against cold temperatures

Through the process of glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of ________.

Pyruvate

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form.

Quaternary

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?

Results from consuming adequate energy but insufficient high-quality protein, Most common in developing countries, often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Type 2 Diabetes

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

fatty fish & fish oils

Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in

foods of animal origin.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Canola Oil

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as ________

Catabolic

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________.

Celiac disease

Which of the followings statements is true?

Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Cheese

Series of specific chemical reactions in the cell are known as ________.

Chemical pathways

Bryce is a pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

Chicken salad

Which of the following practices is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

Consuming a diet high in processed meats

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules?

Electron Chain Transport

The human body needs vitamin K to ________.

form active blood clotting factors

Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.

fresh fruits & veggies

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid

linoleic

Vitamin B-12 RDA is?

2.4 micrograms/day

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

200

Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

Which of the following statements is true?

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition

________ contains riboflavin and can pick up two hydrogen ions and two electrons.

FAD

ATP synthesis occurs in which of the following organelles?

Mitchondrion

Proteins ________.

are comprised of amino acids

Which of the following is a component of neurotransmitters, and involved with phospholipid synthesis?

choline

The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called ________.

coenzymes

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should ________.

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

Which catabolic hormone is made in the adrenal glands and is often called the "stress hormone?"

cortisol

A ________ reaction is one in which the nitrogen-containing group of one amino acid is transferred to another substance (such as a Kreb's Cycle intermediate) to make a nonessential amino acid.

deamination

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid?

has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of ________.

heterocyclic amines

Fat cells contain the enzyme ________, which facilitates the process of lipolysis.

hormone sensitive lipase

Children eating large amounts of carrots can develop

hypercarotenemia.

The first symptom of scurvy is

iron-deficiency anemia.

A ________ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.

keto acids; carbo skeletons

Georgiana is 75 years old. She is very healthy and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production. Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups. Based on this information, Georgiana is at risk of developing ________.

nerve damage

________, as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism.

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

night blindness

The RDA for vitamin C is?

90 mg/day for men, 75 mg/day for women

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.

20-35

The RDA for vitamin C is increased by ________ mg/day for smokers.

35

What is the RDA for folate?

400 DFE

Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." This is because exposure to UV light can convert a substance in skin, ________, into vitamin D3

7-dehydrocholesterol

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

8 ounce glass of soy milk

Which of the following are associated with having a fat malabsortion issue?

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

Alpha-Linolenic Acid

________ involves metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones.

Anabolism

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

Anaphylaxis

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.

Become more physically active

________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria

Beta-oxidation

Isaac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Isaac has a high risk of __________.

Rickets

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes

Which of the following statements is true?

Skin can form precursor (prohormone) form of vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Soybean Oil

Which of the following is a neural tube defects

Spina bifida

To conserve the vitamin content of foods, ________.

Stir fry instead of boil

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, D, and A

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(n) ________.

antioxidant

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as ________.

ariboflavinosis

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

Ten-month old baby Gabe loves to eat pureed sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. Recently, Gabe's mother noticed that his skin had a yellow color, particularly his cheeks and hands. The yellowing of the skin Gabe has experienced is likely ________.

carotenemia

Kesha is lactose intolerant and avoids all dairy foods. She also doesn't like the taste of rice, soy, or almond milk so consumes very little calcium in her diet. As a result of her low calcium intake, ________ will be secreted in response to low blood calcium levels.

parathyroid hormone

Lecithin is a type of ________.

phospholipid

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

The ________ is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality. Protein quality is determined based on both the amino acid composition score and the digestibility of the protein in the food source.

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

Beta-carotene is also called

provitamin A.

Through the process of glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of ________.

pyruvate

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

red peppers

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________ fatty acid.

saturated

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________.

vitamin B-12

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?

vitamin B-12 injections

Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?

vitamin E