Human performance chpts 19-22

29. Waist circumferences greater than _____ and _____ cm indicate abdominal obesity in men and women, respectively.

102; 88

Research studies demonstrate that patients with CVD who participate in a cardiac rehabilitation exercise program show a _________ reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

20% to 25%

The 2008 U.S physical activity guidelines encourage __________ min per wk of moderate exercise to facilitate weight loss or prevent weight regain.

200 to 300

47. What is the general guideline regarding the frequency of aerobic exercise for a person with diabetes?

3 to 7 days per wk

Approximately _________ of the U.S. adult population in 2011 to 2012 met the criteria for obesity.

35%

If a cardiac patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 140 ml and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 90 ml, the ejection fraction is

36%

Which of the following best describes the initial exercise intensity that is used in exercise programming for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation?

40% to 75% of or HRR

What is the general guideline regarding the intensity of aerobic exercise for a person with diabetes?

40% to 85% HRR

Health gains such as lower blood pressure (BP) and improvements in the lipid profile are often realized with only a ___________ reduction in body weight in those who are currently obese.

5%

A well-planned diet with a caloric deficit of ______ to _______ kcal per day gradually reduces weight without sacrificing nutrition needs.

500, 1,000

Which of the following best represents a normal ejection fraction?

55%-70%

The highest rates of type 2 diabetes are in those who are older than _______ yr.

60

Supplemental oxygen should be used when an individual's SaO2 is less than _______%.

90%

From _________________ of diabetes cases are type 2.

90%-95%

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the link between mortality, morbidity, and obesity?

A 2008 review indicated that overweight and obesity accounted for 20% to 25% of health care spending.

The benefits of exercise training for individuals with pulmonary disease include

All of these

Which one of the following is NOT a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Black lung disease

An exercise program that does not result in weight loss does little to protect an obese person against premature death.

False

Because it typically does not result in a large caloric expenditure, resistance training is not generally part of the exercise prescription when weight loss is the primary goal.

False

In a person with diabetes, low blood glucose rarely occurs 1 hr past the cessation of exercise.

False

Medical clearance should be obtained for all clients before either moderate or vigorous exercise, regardless of whether the diabetes is type 1 or type 2.

False

The criteria for terminating a graded exercise test (GXT) done for diagnostic purposes is the achievement of 75% of age-adjusted maximal HR.

False

The guidelines regarding total duration and frequency of aerobic exercise for a pulmonary patient generally match those for a client without pulmonary disease.

False

The use of insulin by a client with diabetes indicates that the client has type 1

False

To maximize caloric expenditure when the primary goal of exercise is to reach duration goals to help with weight loss, exercise should not be divided into shorter bouts.

False

Rodney has nonfasting plasma glucose values of 210 mg · dl-1 (11.6 mmol · L-1) and 225 mg · dl-1 (12.5 mmol · L-1). According to these values for his nonfasting state, you would conclude that

he meets the criteria for diabetes

The double product is a function of SBP and heart rate (HR).

True

Which of the following is not true regarding exercise and hypertension?

Weight loss is likely to result in a larger systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decrease than endurance training

Weight-loss guidelines indicate that weight should be lost at a rate of ______ to ________ kg per wk.

a. 0.5; 1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the atherosclerotic process?

a. It is a process that starts around the age of 50.

36. _________________, accounting for about 5% of cases of diabetes, is characterized by a deficiency of insulin often attributable to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.

a. Type 1 diabetes

An atherosclerotic plaque that occurs in a femoral artery is likely to lead to ________________, which is a term that describes intermittent muscle pain on exertion.

a. claudication

Which of the possible sites of target-organ damage may occur from chronic stage III hypertension.

all of the above

A test that diagnoses the presence of atherosclerotic lesions by using a dye injected into the coronary arteries (via introduction of a catheter through the femoral artery) is called

coronary angiography

Shawn has fasting plasma glucose values of 105 mg · dl-1 (5.8 mmol · L-1) and 110 mg · dl-1 (6.1 mmol · L-1). According to these plasma glucose values for his fasting state, you would conclude that

he meets the criteria for prediabetes

For two different measurements, Keisha has nonfasting plasma glucose values of 135 mg · dl-1 (7.5 mmol · L-1) and 127 mg · dl-1 (7.0 mmol · L-1). According to these plasma glucose values for her nonfasting state, you would conclude that

her values are considered normal

Which of the following procedures involves putting a balloon-tipped catheter into a coronary artery and inflating the balloon to embed a metal mesh in the artery?

intracoronary stent

The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), established in 1994, currently lists approximately 5,000 people who have lost an average of 30 kg and kept it off for 5.5 yr. Which of the following is NOT true regarding some of the facts that have been gathered from these individuals?

A typical exercise routine was 30 min per day of vigorous activity.

What are some special considerations that should come into play when screening obese clients before exercise testing.

All of the above

Bronchospasms are typically experienced during exercise in people with which disease?

Asthma

Which of the following is NOT true regarding glucose measurement before the start of exercise?

Both a and b are untrue.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding exercise testing for a client with diabetes?

Both b and c are untrue.

Inflammation of the bronchi, inflammation of the airways, and excess mucous production are the underlying cause of

Bronchitis

A general class of medications used to relax smooth muscle surrounding airways in the lungs and relieve symptoms of dyspnea is

Bronchodilators

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the united states Which of the following types of CVD accounts for the largest portion of these deaths?

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

A person with exercise-induced asthma will experience a(n) ______________ in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) postexercise compared with preexercise.

Decrease

The medical term for shortness of breath is ______________.

Dyspnea

A genetic disorder in which excessive mucous is secreted by exocrine glands in the pulmonary system, leading to inflammation of the airways and chronic bacterial infections, is the underlying cause of

Dystic fibrosis

Loss of elasticity in the lung due to destruction of alveolar walls and collapsing airways upon exhalation is the underlying cause of

Emphysema

A general class of medications that is used to thin mucous secretions and help eject them is

Expectorants

What is the most common cause of emphysema?

Heredity

The medical term for high blood glucose is _______________.

Hyperglycemia

The medical term for low arterial oxygen content is ________________.

Hypoxemia

A test that diagnoses the presence of atherosclerotic lesions by using a radioactive substance to distinguish areas of the heart muscle that are not receiving good perfusion from those that are is called

PET scan

A noninvasive device that is used to assess the percent of hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) of the arterial blood is called a _________________________.

Pulse oximeter

A breathing pattern that patients can be taught to use during exercise or activity when SaO2 values begin to decline is called ____________________________.

Pursed-lip breathing

Which of the following represents a sign (rather than a symptom) of CHD?

ST-segment depression on an ECG

Michelle has a HgA1c value of 7%. According to this value, you would conclude that

She meets the criteria for diabetes

Which of the following is the most appropriate method of prescribing exercise intensity in a person with CHD who is currently taking beta-blockers?

THR method when the measured HRmax is determined while the patient is on beta-blocking medications

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the typical aerobic exercise prescription for an individual with pulmonary disease?

Target heart rate (THR) computing is more accurate in this population, since their age-predicted maximal HRs are closer to their actual measured maximal HR.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the current trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States?

The current prevalence of obesity is almost 1.5 times that in the early 1960s.

Chronic bronchitis is more serious than acute bronchitis.

True

Emphysema is reversible with proper medication, smoking cessation, and exercise.

True

Which of the following populations would NOT be likely referred to a cardiac rehabilitation program.

asthmatic

Reduced blood flow in any coronary artery reduces blood flow to the myocardium and creates a condition called ________________ _______________.

myocardial ischemia

Which of the following best describes the phase of cardiac rehabilitation in which patients are given well-thought-out exercise programs in an outpatient setting, have their cardiac rhythms monitored by ECG, receive BP and sometimes glucose monitoring during exercise, and receive education and instruction for home exercise and lifestyle modification?

phase II

Reducing the occurrence of subsequent myocardial infarctions (MIs) is known as:

secondary prevention

Metabolic syndrome, or syndrome X, consists of a cluster of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors occurring in one individual. To be diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome, three out of five criteria must be met. Which of the following does NOT correctly reflect one of those criteria?

triglyceride value of greater than or equal to 100 mg · dl-1 or drug treatment

Class I Obesity is what BMI index?

​a. 30 to 34.9