Human Relations Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Test Review

28. Of the "Big Five" personality factors, which trait can be best described as careful versus careless? a. Conscientiousness b. Neuroticism c. Openness d. Agreeableness

a. Conscientiousness. page 60

26. What is reciprocal determinisms? a. The interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment. b. Your behavior will determine your life. c. You get what you give. d. Our environment determines our behavior.

a. The interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment. page 67

1. Our self image is primarily formed: a. by how our parents treat us and react to us. b. by what "significant others" say to us. c. by our perceptions and interpretations of how other people treat us. d. all of the above.

a. by how our parents treat us and react to us. b. by what "significant others" say to us. c. by our perceptions and interpretations of how other people treat us. d. all of the above. page 50

19. All of the following are characteristics of low self esteem except: a. enjoys being alone b. defensive c. oriented toward approval of others d. conforming

a. enjoys being alone. page 74

5. All of the following are stages of Erikson's psychosocial development except: a. sensing versus intuition b. trust versus mistrust c. initiative versus guilt d. industry versus inferiority

a. sensing versus intuition. page 55-57

24. We gather information about our "self image" through the following means: a. significant others b. genetic influences c. social comparison d. a and c

a. significant others and c. social comparison a and c. page 50

14. One of the basic tenets of Viktor Frankl's beliefs about the human personality is: a. that we have a need to search for meaning and a purpose in life b. anxiety is not a prerequisite for growth c. life does not have to have pain d. none of the above

a. that we have a need to search for meaning and a purpose in life. page 63

4. Most psychologists feel that self-image is: a. something we are born with b. acquired c. not as important as self-esteem d. none of the above

b. acquired. page 50

25. Which of the following categories of cognitive variables does not have an influence on your behavior? a. expectancies b. impression management c. personal values d. competencies

b. impression management. page 67

6. Which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development does the following describe? During the ages of three through five, the child moves from simple self-control to an ability to take control. This is a questioning and exploring stage when a child wants to try anything and everything. a. industry versus inferiority b. initiative versus guilt c. autonomy versus doubt d. trust versus mistrust

b. initiative versus guilt. page 56

16. The __________ is the part of self that includes physical, behavioral, and psychological characteristics that establish uniqueness. a. ego b. personal self image c. the child d. none of the above

b. personal self image. page 70

17. __________ refers to overall evaluation of oneself, whether one likes or dislikes who one is, believes or doubts oneself, and values or belittles one's worth. a. superego b. self esteem c. ego d. any of the above

b. self esteem. page 72

2. Freud's theory states that a person's personality is made up of three distinct but interrelated parts; these three parts are: a. the private self, the public self, the self image b. the id, the ego, the superego c. the hunger drive, the thirst drive, and sexual impulses d. none of the above

b. the id, the ego, the superego. page 53

12. According to Carl Rogers, the difficulties in functioning are caused by the lack of __________ by others, starting at birth. a. superego control b. unconditional acceptance c. parental supervision d. ego development

b. unconditional acceptance. page 62

31. Which of the following statements is true regarding individualism and collectivism? a. Individualists value interdependence and social harmony. b. Collectivists value independence and autonomy. c. Collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships. d. None of the above are true.

c. Collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships. page 73

21. __________ are designed to help us escape the pain of anxiety. a. self affirmations b. self criticisms c. defense mechanisms d. self flagellations

c. defense mechanisms. page 54

7. Based on the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, all of the following are required to have a strong self-concept except: a. love b. respect c. forgiveness d. acceptance

c. forgiveness. page 51

29. Narcissism is the tendency to regard oneself as: a. narcoleptic b. having a low self-esteem c. grandiosely self-important d. none of the above

c. grandiosely self-important. page 78

3. The _____ is present at birth and remains an active force throughout our life. a. superego b. ego c. id d. self image

c. id. page 53

9. Self esteem is improved by: a. strokes b. money c. positive self talk d. negative self talk

c. positive self talk. page 66

15. Virginia Satir states that one of the crucial factors that determine the quality of interpersonal relationships is: a. communication b. friendliness c. self worth d. our upbringing

c. self worth. page 64

10. What is cognitive restructuring? a. a non verbal thinking process b. a combination of personal values c. the process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs d. a self regulatory system

c. the process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. page 66

18. All of the following are strategies to improve self esteem except: a. accept all parts of your physical appearance b. affirm your strengths c. use your defense mechanisms d. list your faults

c. use your defense mechanisms. page 76-77

30. All of the following are included in Dr. Nathaniel Branden's recommendations for building self-esteem except: a. Living consciously b. Self-acceptance c. Self-responsibility d. Personal space

d. Personal space. page 79

32. All of the following are categories of cognitive variables that have the potential to influence behavior except: a. Encoding strategies b. Competencies. c. Personal values. d. Your grade point average.

d. Your grade point average. page 67

8. Adler argued that the foremost human drive is: a. sexuality b. food c. self-esteem d. a striving for superiority

d. a striving for superiority. page 54

11. Trait theories: a. allow us to describe personality b. do not tell us how we develop these traits c. include five basic traits of personality d. all of the above are true

d. all of the above are true. page 60

13. Self actualization can best be described as: a. Virginia Satir's theory b. realizing the past c. having high self esteem d. being all that one can be

d. being all that one can be. page 62

22. According to Adler, personality arises from our attempts to overcome or compensate for fundamental feelings of: a. fear b. disappointment c. despair d. inadequacy

d. inadequacy. page 54

23. According to your author, by making mistakes you: a. have less chance of succeeding in life b. take more risks, stretch, grow, and enjoy life more c. increase your likelihood for self criticism d. none of the above

d. none of the above.

27. According to the character Harry Potter, what is it that shows what we truly are? a. our abilities. b. our self-esteem. c. our ability to fly. d. our choices.

d. our choices. page 67

20. Self-affirmations refer to: a. reminding yourself of your weaknesses b. telling yourself things are going to be OK c. giving in when you need to d. positive self statements or self-talk

d. positive self statements or self-talk. page 66