HUN 2201 Chapter 9
When do men generally achieve peak bone density?
20-30 years of age
Healthy young adults absorb only about __________ of the calcium from most foods.
30%
Each serving from the dairy group provides approximately ________ milligrams of calcium.
300
Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation?
40
The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time?
500
Which of the following dairy foods would provide the most calcium? 8 ounces of Greek yogurt 8 ounces of skim milk 1 ounce of Swiss cheese 8 ounces of regular yogurt
8 ounces of regular yogurt
Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources?
D and K
Which of the following explains why iron-deficiency anemia causes fatigue?
Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce oxygen transport throughout the body.
Even people who get plenty of sun exposure year-round need to consume vitamin D in foods or supplements.
False
In healthy adults, the majority of calcium consumed in the diet is absorbed.
False
Women over age 71 require more iron than women age 19 to 50.
False
Any vitamin C consumed in excess of body needs is stored in the connective tissues.
False It is excreted in urine
DXA is used to evaluate bone density in only in postmenopausal women.
False It is recommended for them, but it can be used on anyone
Microcytic anemia and macrocytic anemia are both forms of iron-deficiency anemia.
False Macrocytic is from low folate or B12
Which mineral helps reduce erosion of tooth enamel with acids produced by bacteria in the mouth?
Fluoride
Vitamin C greatly increases the body's absorption of which mineral?
Iron
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
Iron
Which of the following is a major function of selenium?
It acts as an antioxidant.
The processing of fresh spinach into a frozen creamed spinach side dish would typically have which of the following effects?
It would typically increase the food's sodium content and decrease its level of potassium.
When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?
PTH and vitamin D stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb calcium from the blood.
Adequate intake of which of the following minerals plays a key role in reducing the risk for hypertension (high blood pressure)?
Potassium
The trace mineral copper is essential for the health of which of the following type of body cells?
Red blood cells
About 2 g of zinc are stored in the body of an average adult. An adult male consumes 20 mg of zinc each day. He thereby replaces his total body store of zinc every 100 days. Is this statement true or false? Why?
This statement is false. Although 20mg/day×100days=2,000mg , or 2 g, zinc absorption rates range from just 10% to 35% of dietary intake.? (This may be wrong. I missed some questions on quiz/test)
Topping a serving of whole-wheat pasta with which of the following would enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?
Tomato sauce
As bone resorption begins to occur more frequently than bone formation, adults tend to lose height.
True
Blood is a connective tissue.
True
Compared to light-skinned individuals, individuals with darker skin have more difficulty synthesizing vitamin D.
True
Consuming excessive amounts of calcium supplements can lead to mineral imbalances.
True
Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do.
True
High zinc intakes can inhibit the absorption of copper.
True
In addition to being a nutrient, vitamin D acts as a hormone.
True
Trabecular bone has a faster turnover rate than cortical bone.
True
Vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to microcytic anemia.
True
When dietary intake of calcium is low, the body takes calcium from bone.
True
Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk for iron-deficiency anemia?
a nineteen-year-old female who is menstruating and eats a vegan diet
Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium?
beans
Why does folate or vitamin B12 deficiency lead to macrocytic anemia?
because poor DNA synthesis will impair blood cells' ability to divide
In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining
blood calcium levels.
Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled?
bone modeling
In the body, vitamin D is essential for
calcification of bone.
The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is
calcitriol.
Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body?
calcium
Without vitamin C, collagen
chains cannot cross-link to form strong, stable strands.
The most abundant protein in the body is
collagen.
Along with vitamin C, what mineral is important in the synthesis of collagen?
copper
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a measure of bone __________.
density
Cara's physician has just diagnosed her with iron-deficiency anemia. To increase her iron intake, Cara should do all of the following EXCEPT ________. -eat several ounces of meat, poultry, or fish weekly -add a few scoops of salsa to her bean burritos -drink a glass of orange juice with her breakfast cereal -drink a glass of milk with her iron supplement
drink a glass of milk with her iron supplement
Found in meat, poultry, and fish, the meat factor
enhances absorption of non-heme iron.
Fluorosis is associated with
excessive intake of fluoride.
Which of the following is the primary dietary source of vitamin D in the United States?
fortified foods
The first period of rapid bone growth is
from birth to age 2
Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin K?
green leafy vegetables
The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells is called
hemoglobin
The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's
high levels of oxalates.
This results when blood calcium levels reach abnormally high levels.
hypercalcemia
This condition is a result of excess vitamin D consumption. hypercalcemia activation of vitamin D increased calcium reabsorption by the kidneys breakdown of bone
hypercalcemia? (This may be wrong. I missed some questions on quiz/test) It also causes the breakdown of bone too though. Both are in the book, but "breakdown of bone" is not a "condition;" whereas, hypercalcemia is
Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral?
iron
Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following?
iron stores
If copper levels are inadequate
iron stores can become depleted.
Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the
large intestine.
An individual who consumes no animal-based foods of any kind, no fortified foods, and no supplements is at increased risk for
macrocytic anemia
Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in
metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth.
Newborns receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because
newborns do not have enough mature GI flora to make vitamin K.
A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies
normal bone density.
Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with
osteomalacia.
The disorder characterized by low bone density is known as __________.
osteoporosis
The point in life at which our bones are the densest is referred to as
peak bone density.
Which of the following contributes the most sodium in the diet of Americans?
processed foods
A vitamin D deficiency in childhood may result in which disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of the skeleton?
rickets
Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability?
spinach
Most of the sodium in the body is found in __________ .
the bloodstream
The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in
the bones and teeth.
Chromium increases the effectiveness of _____.
the hormone insulin
Most of the body's phosphorus is stored in
the skeleton
A person's peak bone mass typically has occurred by the time a person reaches his or her ________.
thirties
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________.
thyroid hormones
Which of the following is NOT a major function of zinc? -to help with wound healing -to act as a cofactor for several enzymes -to help maintain the sense of taste -to improve the insulin response
to improve the insulin response
The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called
trabecular bone.
Which of the following nutrients supports increased calcium absorption?
vitamin D
Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed. Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding?
vitamin K
Good sources of fluoride include dental products and __________.
water
