HY 101 Chapter 13

Why did most ordinary poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?

The held strong anti-German feelings

The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre led to

A lengthy civil war

Martin Luther's first response to the Peasants War was

To side with the peasants

What aided Martin Luther in his call for reform?

Luther understood the power of the printing press and authorized for the publication of his works

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?

Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace

In religous affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that

Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes

The Reformation of England was primarily the result of

The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

Confidence among the Calvinists in their own salvation

Luther believed the church consisted of

A spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers

How did Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?

All work with a religious aspect was dignified

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to

Prevent Charles V from increasing his power

Thomas More's "Utopia" was remarkable for its time because it asserted

Problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government

In Hungary, Lutheranism was

Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenburg

The Catholic Church justified the granting of indulgences by stating that:

That Jesus through his death and the work of the saints had deposited indulgences in a Treasury of Merit

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was

To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity

The Colloquy of Marburg

failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the

Habsburg-Valois Wars

Why did John Calvin reject the idea of human free will?

Human free will would detract from the sovereignty of God

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, at the Diet of Worms?

Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices

How did the closing of the monasteries and covents affects upper-class women?

Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women

Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir, Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?

Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth

Luther viewed celibacy as

Opposed to human nature and God's commandments

The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to

Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation

How did the choice to embrace or reject the Reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Italy Roman Empire?

The political leaders of the territory determined whether it introduced reforms

A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the

Ursuline Order

What were Calvinist and Lutherans attitudes towards secular rulers?

Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly

The dissolution of English monasteries

Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth

Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?

They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

To secure reconciliation with the Protestants

The Consistory was?

A body of laymen and pastors who led Geneva

How did the Inquisitors view most people accused of witchcraft?

As superstitious and ignorant peasants who should be educated rather than executed

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany?

Became either Lutheran or Catholic depending on their prince

In the early 16th century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following except

Clerical Heresy