Hydrology Module 7 Flashcards Open Channel Flow
culvert
covered channel flowing usually partly full
Artificial channel examples
-flumes - spillways - canals -weirs - drainage ditch -culverts
Natural Channel examples
-streams - rivers - flood plains
chute
Channel with a steep slope
Drop
Channel with a sudden change in elevation
Froude Number =1
Critical Flow
Open Channel Flow
Flow of liquid in a conduit with free space (interface between water and air) - Applied to understand the flow of a liquid in : 1. Artificial channel : and 2. Natural channel:
Froude number <1
Subcritical Flow -quiet
Froude Number > 1
Supercritical Flow - Rapid
Darcy-Weisbach equation
Theoretically based equation developed for determining head losses in pipes adapted to open channel flow
Reynolds number > 1000
Turbulent Flow
State of flow
Varies with viscous, internal and gravitational forces - can be laminar or turbulent Determined by the Reynolds and Froude number
Laminar Flow
Viscous forces dominate over inertial forces
Canal
a long and mild-sloped channel built in the ground
Natural Channel
has irregular geometry throughout
Turbulent Flow
inertial forces predominate over viscous forces
Reynolds number < 500
laminar flow