Hyperprolactinemia questions
most common causes of galactorrhea _________ & _________ , which should be ruled out before checking prolactin levels?
1) medication-dopamine antagonists? 2) primary hypothyroidism- test for TSH levels 3) next we check prolactin levels--if elevated then 4) MRI-to look for tumor, prolactinoma
TX: Dopamine ______?
Agonists
Complications: Females are at increased risk to develop osteoporosis as a result of decreased ___ mass?
Bone
Etiolgy: Can be seen in ___ males and females?
Both
MEDS TX: Dopamine agonists ->
Bromocriptine -surgery is also an option and would be more common in men with prolactinomas because men with prolactinoma=macroadenomas women with prolactinomas=microadenoma (women present with galactorrhea and amenorrhea and +/- visual defects) (men-present with pressure headaches, and NO galactorrhea or gynecomastia)
DX: ___ scan or MRI?
CT
Etiology: Most important ____ of a high serum prolactin levels is a pituitary tumor?
Cause
TX: If drug induced - find _____?
Cause -dopamine antagonist would cause this!
Etiology: Prolactin inhibitory factor is _____?
Dopamine
Etiology: ______ levels of prolactin can occur due to physiolgy, medication or pathology?
Elevated
Etiology:Clinical findings seen in females relate primary to menstrual cycle disturbances and _______?
Infertility
S/S: Usually due to compression or _____ of a tumor?
Invasion
Etiology: Prolactin is usually seen when a women is ______?
Lactating
LABS: Serum prolactin _____ in correlation with clinical picture?
Levels
Complications: Increased Serum ____ Levels?
Lipid
S/S: May also have s/s of pituitary enlargment HA's and visual field ____?
Loss
DX: ___ done to see if there are tumors present?
MRI
Complications: Males also have decreased bone ___?
Mass
DX: MRI is done if producing ____ when not supposed to?
Milk
Etiology: Most likely cause is a ______ tumor?
Pituitary
LABS DX: Non tumorous causes -> test for hypothyroidism and ______?
Pregnancy -check TSH for primary hypothyroidism because high levels of TRH
Complications: Males have _____ dysfunction issues?
Sexual
TX: Transphenoidal ______?
Surgery
MEDS TX: Dopamine agonist such as Bromcriptine in small doses at HS will minimize dizziness & orthostatic _____?
hypotension
S/S: Males hypogonad___ & atherosclerosis?
ism
LABS: Decreased levels of gonada_____?
Tropin
DX: CT or MRI is critical to denote serum prolactin levels in conjunction with the presence of a _____?
Tumor