Hyperprolactinemia questions

most common causes of galactorrhea _________ & _________ , which should be ruled out before checking prolactin levels?

1) medication-dopamine antagonists? 2) primary hypothyroidism- test for TSH levels 3) next we check prolactin levels--if elevated then 4) MRI-to look for tumor, prolactinoma

TX: Dopamine ______?

Agonists

Complications: Females are at increased risk to develop osteoporosis as a result of decreased ___ mass?

Bone

Etiolgy: Can be seen in ___ males and females?

Both

MEDS TX: Dopamine agonists ->

Bromocriptine -surgery is also an option and would be more common in men with prolactinomas because men with prolactinoma=macroadenomas women with prolactinomas=microadenoma (women present with galactorrhea and amenorrhea and +/- visual defects) (men-present with pressure headaches, and NO galactorrhea or gynecomastia)

DX: ___ scan or MRI?

CT

Etiology: Most important ____ of a high serum prolactin levels is a pituitary tumor?

Cause

TX: If drug induced - find _____?

Cause -dopamine antagonist would cause this!

Etiology: Prolactin inhibitory factor is _____?

Dopamine

Etiology: ______ levels of prolactin can occur due to physiolgy, medication or pathology?

Elevated

Etiology:Clinical findings seen in females relate primary to menstrual cycle disturbances and _______?

Infertility

S/S: Usually due to compression or _____ of a tumor?

Invasion

Etiology: Prolactin is usually seen when a women is ______?

Lactating

LABS: Serum prolactin _____ in correlation with clinical picture?

Levels

Complications: Increased Serum ____ Levels?

Lipid

S/S: May also have s/s of pituitary enlargment HA's and visual field ____?

Loss

DX: ___ done to see if there are tumors present?

MRI

Complications: Males also have decreased bone ___?

Mass

DX: MRI is done if producing ____ when not supposed to?

Milk

Etiology: Most likely cause is a ______ tumor?

Pituitary

LABS DX: Non tumorous causes -> test for hypothyroidism and ______?

Pregnancy -check TSH for primary hypothyroidism because high levels of TRH

Complications: Males have _____ dysfunction issues?

Sexual

TX: Transphenoidal ______?

Surgery

MEDS TX: Dopamine agonist such as Bromcriptine in small doses at HS will minimize dizziness & orthostatic _____?

hypotension

S/S: Males hypogonad___ & atherosclerosis?

ism

LABS: Decreased levels of gonada_____?

Tropin

DX: CT or MRI is critical to denote serum prolactin levels in conjunction with the presence of a _____?

Tumor