Hypo hyper

Oncotic Pressure

proteins attract water and sodium - so they want to stay in the vascular space; Greater concentration of proteins = greater OP

There are a ____ number of electrolyte intracellular.

small

Types of Hypotonic Solutions

0.45% NaCl (Saline Solution) **D5W - works as Hypo but, classified as Isotonic

Types of Hypertonic Solutions

0.9% NaCl (Saline Solution) Albumin D50 D10W

Normal Bicarbonate

22-26 (24) Less than 24 - Acid Greater than 24 - Alkaline

Normal Carbon Dioxide

35 - 45 (40) Less than 40 - Alkaline Greater than 40 - Acid

Normal pH level

7.35 - 7.45 (7.4) Less than 7.4 - acid Greater than 7.4 - alkaline

How does a hypotonic solution work?

A greater concentration of water goes into the vein thus the HP goes up and the OP goes down - the extra will diffuse out into the interstitial space and into the cells causing the cells to swell - while in the vascular system the HP goes down and the OP goes up.

How does a hypertonic solution work?

A smaller concentration of water goes into the vein (HP goes down and OP goes up) - the cells will act as a buffer and push all their water into the vascular system (HP goes way up and OP goes way down) - this causes the cells to shrink and the blood pressure to go back up in the vascular system.

What is an Isotonic solution?

A solution in the IV that is equal to the concentration in the body - no net movement of sodium

What is a hypotonic solution?

A solution that has a smaller concentration of NaCl than of the body

What is a hypertonic solution?

A solution that has less water and more NaCl than the concentrations in the body - causes cell shrinkage

Sodium Inbalance

CNS, confusion, seizures, and dizziness - Dhydration (hypernatrium) and Edema (Hyponatrium)

Potassium Imbalance

Cardiac Irregularity

D5W

Classified as an Isotonic solution, but works as a hypotonic solution - The glucose is immediately used up by the cells and all that is left is extra water - thus water will move into the cells causing edema (if too much)

Acidotic patient gets what type of IV solution?

Hypertonic Solution

Alkalotic patient gets what type of IV solution?

Hypotonic Solution

Types of Isotonic Solution

Normal Saline: 0.9% D5W *** works as hypotonic solution

Reasons to give a hypertonic solution

Patient needs to have an immediate and drastic rise in blood pressure or to decrease anasacara.

Reasons to give Isotonic solution

To maintain or slowly raise blood pressure

There are a ____number of electrolytes extracellular.

big

`Hydrogen moves ____ Potassium,

in opposition

Calcium Imbalance

muscle disturbances, aches, cramps, weakness, and bone defects

Reasons to give hypotonic solution

patient is dehydrated - gives cells more water

Hydrostatic Pressure

pressure that a fluid exerts on a container - wants to escape the vascular space

Water moves _____ sodium.

with