Hypo hyper
Oncotic Pressure
proteins attract water and sodium - so they want to stay in the vascular space; Greater concentration of proteins = greater OP
There are a ____ number of electrolyte intracellular.
small
Types of Hypotonic Solutions
0.45% NaCl (Saline Solution) **D5W - works as Hypo but, classified as Isotonic
Types of Hypertonic Solutions
0.9% NaCl (Saline Solution) Albumin D50 D10W
Normal Bicarbonate
22-26 (24) Less than 24 - Acid Greater than 24 - Alkaline
Normal Carbon Dioxide
35 - 45 (40) Less than 40 - Alkaline Greater than 40 - Acid
Normal pH level
7.35 - 7.45 (7.4) Less than 7.4 - acid Greater than 7.4 - alkaline
How does a hypotonic solution work?
A greater concentration of water goes into the vein thus the HP goes up and the OP goes down - the extra will diffuse out into the interstitial space and into the cells causing the cells to swell - while in the vascular system the HP goes down and the OP goes up.
How does a hypertonic solution work?
A smaller concentration of water goes into the vein (HP goes down and OP goes up) - the cells will act as a buffer and push all their water into the vascular system (HP goes way up and OP goes way down) - this causes the cells to shrink and the blood pressure to go back up in the vascular system.
What is an Isotonic solution?
A solution in the IV that is equal to the concentration in the body - no net movement of sodium
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution that has a smaller concentration of NaCl than of the body
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution that has less water and more NaCl than the concentrations in the body - causes cell shrinkage
Sodium Inbalance
CNS, confusion, seizures, and dizziness - Dhydration (hypernatrium) and Edema (Hyponatrium)
Potassium Imbalance
Cardiac Irregularity
D5W
Classified as an Isotonic solution, but works as a hypotonic solution - The glucose is immediately used up by the cells and all that is left is extra water - thus water will move into the cells causing edema (if too much)
Acidotic patient gets what type of IV solution?
Hypertonic Solution
Alkalotic patient gets what type of IV solution?
Hypotonic Solution
Types of Isotonic Solution
Normal Saline: 0.9% D5W *** works as hypotonic solution
Reasons to give a hypertonic solution
Patient needs to have an immediate and drastic rise in blood pressure or to decrease anasacara.
Reasons to give Isotonic solution
To maintain or slowly raise blood pressure
There are a ____number of electrolytes extracellular.
big
`Hydrogen moves ____ Potassium,
in opposition
Calcium Imbalance
muscle disturbances, aches, cramps, weakness, and bone defects
Reasons to give hypotonic solution
patient is dehydrated - gives cells more water
Hydrostatic Pressure
pressure that a fluid exerts on a container - wants to escape the vascular space
Water moves _____ sodium.
with
