IBM AI Practitioner Qs

Both Amazon and Netflix use advanced recommendation engines; however, their approach to making a recommendation differs considerably from each other. Which of the following best describes such differences in approach?

Amazon recommends from the short tail of the question-distribution graph, whereas Netflix recommends from the long tail, the more obscure.

In 1992 IBM researcher Gerald Tesauro creates a self-teaching neural net that learns to play _____________. Fill in the blank.

Backgammon

In a Convolutional Neural Network, there are many layers such as input, layer, pooling, ReLU, etc. The connection from one layer to another layer is done using programmatic "synapses", which contain the "weights." What do the nodes inside the hidden layers contain?

Bias Weights Additional input data Ans-None of the above

When analyzing images, which of the following machine learning approaches is best suited for image analysis?

Convolutional neural network

Audi uses robots to independently transport cars from production to shipping positions. Which of the following best depicts the AI approach taken with Audi in its manufacturing plant?

Data is collected from sensors to determine position and dimensions of the car and then adjusts to it.

Which of the following best describes the difference between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning? *

Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning, which in turn is a subset of artificial intelligence

Candidate answer generation collects all the results of primary search and begins to formulate a ___________ that is more focused towards the keywords that had the greatest saliency. Fill in the blank.

Hypothesis

Cognitive systems are best characterized by the following four attributes: Understand, reason, learn and ______________. Fill in the blank.

Interact

The basic building block in a neural network is called a perceptron. Which of the following best describes the role of the perceptron?

It takes an input and produces an output value that is governed by an activation function.

Applying bias, such as a sigmoid operation or ReLU and a host of other algorithms, takes place in which particular construct of a neural network?

Node

AI enables a partnership between humans and technology. Which of the following is best performed by technology and machines rather than humans?

Pattern identification

Analog AI delivers radical performance improvements by combining compute and memory in a single device, eliminating _____________.

The von Neumann bottleneck

Since AI systems depend on data, then humans have the following advantages. Select all that apply

a. Humans have world knowledge. b. Awareness of self in relation to the environment. c. Humans are better at decision making with little data or in rare circumstances.

Which of the following characterizes the difference between a linear and logistic regression?

a. In linear regression, the outcome (dependent variable) is continuous. It can have any one of an infinite number of possible values. b. In logistical regression, the outcome (dependent variable) has only a limited number of possible values. c. Linear regression is usually solved by minimizing the least squares error of the model to the data, therefore large errors are penalized quadratically

When you think of a Platform as a Service (PaaS), which of the following comes to mind?

a. Microsoft Azure b. Amazon AWS c. IBM Cloud

In Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), you use one example or one training sample at each iteration, instead of using the whole dataset to sum all for every step. Which of the following statements are also true of SGD?

a. SGD is widely used for larger dataset training, is computationally faster and can be trained in parallel. b. Need to randomly shuffle the training examples before calculating it. c. SGD is also used for linear regression.

Which of the following best depict or exemplify Broad AI?

a. Self-driving car, which happens to be a collection of narrow AI technologies. b. A system that supports engineers who work on complex maintenance tasks on a platform in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. c. A system within a bank that analyzes the balance sheet of corporate customers to recommend the best currency hedging strategy.

CIMON is a robotic astronaut currently onboard the ISS and keeping the astronauts' company in orbit. In doing so, which of the following IBM Watson services are mostly likely used in CIMON?

a. Speech to text and text to Speech b. Watson Assistant c. Visual Recognition

Social media analysis can benefit from an AI system that can perform Sentiment Analysis. How would such an NLP approach help an organization?

a. User-generated social content, but specific conversations can also be found to help companies better interact with customers. b. When an incident occurs in real time, applying NLP to monitor social media provides a distinct advantage to help businesses react immediately. c. Analyze relevant trending topics and hashtags for a business

How is Watson Assistant different from Watson Discovery service?

a. Watson Assistant strives to answer the frequently asked; whereas, the Discovery service strives to provide passages for the esoteric inquiries b. Watson Assistant is used mainly with chatbots and virtual agent systems; whereas, the Discovery service is used mostly by researchers trying to find the relationship of entities and other enrichments. c. With Watson Assistant, we actually enter the response; whereas with Discovery service, the API retrieves the most relevant passage from ingested data.

Let's say I am deploying an AI system that can handle Level 1 support calls to my organization. Which of the following systems would be an appropriate approach?

Agent Assist chatbot

When you think of the syntax of a sentence, which of the following comes to mind? (Select all that apply.)

Annotate Tokenize

To which of the following categories of artificial intelligence does the IBM Watson Jeopardy! quiz game adhere to?

Artificial Narrow Intelligence

Considering the aphorism: "April showers bring May flowers," which of the following is the proper annotator that knows May does not likely bring floods or pebbles, but rather flowers?

Bi-gram, tri-gram, n-gram

In 2011 IBM makes international headlines when their system appears on Jeopardy!—and wins. What was the underlying architecture of the system?

It was founded on Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA).

Supervised learning has many advantages. Which of the following may be some shortcomings of supervised learning?

Labeling the data is arduous and expensive

Which of the following is an example of object localization used with visual recognition?

Bounding box

Think of a question answer scenario, in which of the following is easy for humans but difficult for machines?

Humans understand the question but may not have all the answers.

Given that the X-axis (independent variable) contains the area in square feet of houses, and Y- axis contains the corresponding sale price of those houses, which of the following approaches would you use to predict the house prices as the square footage increases?

Linear regression

AI Engagement, as an adoption driver of the technology, is most concerned with which of the following uses?

Personalization

In a neural network, changes to the weight alter the steepness of the vector or curve. The bias, on the other hand ________________________. Fill in the blank.

Shifts the entire vector or curve so it fits better

Derivatives and Integrals are used often with machine leaning algorithms. Given that derivatives and integrals are opposite of each other, and since we measure surface area under a curve by integrals, then what do derivatives measure?

Slope

A single perceptron can solve a linear problem. Whereas, additional perceptrons give a network the ability to _________.

Solve non-linear problems

Which of the following algorithms is used for supervised learning?

Support Vector Machines

Assigning an image to one or more categories, is different from assigning a single word to that image. The term often used to indicate assigning word(s) to an image is known as:

Tagging

In 1950, Alan Turing publishes the paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" introducing the __________. Fill in the blank.

Turing Test

The Jeopardy! game played by Watson in 2011 used which of the following technologies?

UIMA architecture

Start small and scale quickly has become a mantra on how to implement an AI strategy within a company. Which of the following best describes such an approach?

a. Start with minimum viable products (MVPs) b. Set understandable key performance indicators (KPIs) c. Roll-out through company (culture)

How is the syntax of a sentence different from the semantics of the same sentence?

a. Syntax refers to the grammar of the sentence, namely, object-subject-verb. b. Semantics refers to the Agent and Patient relationship of words in a sentence. c. Semantics refers to the meaning of the sentence.

When you think of applying machine learning frameworks to your collected data, which of the following could benefit from deep learning machine services?

a. Text analysis b. Vision analysis c. Time series analysis

Some of the best practices used in building conversational systems include which of the following:

-Introduce Your Chatbot to First-Time Users -Add Variations to Your Responses -Handle the "I Do Not Understand" Case Ans-All of the above

It is often said that gradient descent that machine learning, in general, is blind. Which of the following best captures this observation?

-It has no (or very little) memory of the space it has traversed -It tends to get stuck in a local minimum -There is no guarantee of convergence (roaming) Ans-All of the above

In the example of water flowing into a tank, the flow rate of water is akin to the ___________ and the volume of water in the tank is akin to _____________. Fill in the blanks.

Derivative, integral

There seems to be common consensus as to when was AI born. Which of the following matches that consensus?

In 1956 at Dartmouth College summer workshop with top scientists.

The dialog uses the _________ that are identified in the user's input, plus context from the application, to interact with the user and ultimately provide a useful response. Fill in the blank.

Intents

Which of the following best describes what happens during the Question Analysis stage in the UIMA pipeline?

It parses the question to extract the major features of the question

In a conversational world, marketers can no longer rely on the "yell & sell" approach and hope for the best. They need to "chat and listen." Which of the following terms best describes the new challenges that marketing departments face?

It's about personalization.

Training a neural network is often characterized as:

Minimizing cost function

Self-driving cars need to see and understand how objects are moving and then decide what to do next. Which of the following, as elaborated in the Driverless Cars video, best categorizes the key three requirements?

Perception, prediction, planning

The IBM Institute for Business Value 2017 2Q C-suite research has identified three stages of automation: Basic, advanced, and intelligent. Which of the following examples depicts an intelligent business process automation?

The "robot" reasons and learns through data discovery

The first step in Project Debater is to build an opening speech to defend or oppose the motion. Project Debater searches for short pieces of text in the massive corpora that can serve this purpose. Which of the following activities brings forth the power of AI in Project Debater?

To understand human language and its infinite nuances and colloquial way of talking

Which of the following events is distinctly in the realm of general AI and not a capability of today's artificial intelligence?

Use previous experiences to come up with new creative ideas

Let's say you want to predict how much salary one would earn based on level of education. Your Y axis is salary and your X axis is educational bucket (high school, Bachelors, Masters and so forth). Which of the following models is best suited to help you predict, given a certain salary, what might the education level of the individual be?

Linear regression

One of the great challenges of driverless cars is awareness of social interactions as depicted in the Driverless Cars video. Which of the following is an example given in the video?

To understand that kids are playing with a ball to the side of the road and that the ball may tumble in front of the car and then kids may be running right behind it.

Which of the following speaks to human advantages over machines?

a. Data from our senses, smell, taste, touch, hearing and intuition b. We are the ultimate arbitrators of our own preferences c. Privacy concerns restrict the data available to machines

Machine learning deals with the problem of extracting features from data to solve many different predictive tasks. Which of the following are relevant examples?

a. Forecasting (e.g. Energy demand prediction, finance) b. Imputing missing data (e.g. Netflix recommendations) c. Detecting anomalies (e.g. Security, fraud, virus mutations)

Inverse Document Frequency is a key annotator used in which stage of the UIMA pipeline?

Question Analysis

Through______________ learning techniques, predictive models were developed that could anticipate failure detection for welding robots and predictive maintenance assessment. Fill in the blank.

Supervised

Machine Learning tasks are typically classified into which of the following broad categories? Select all that apply

Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, Reinforcement learning

In a convolutional neural network with many layers, when images are uploaded to the system, what do the first layers perform?

The first layers identify edges in the images.

What is the name of this curve:

Sigmoid operation

Best practices to successfully implement AI within an organization include which of the following approaches?

-Develop an AI strategy and roadmap -Establish AI capabilities and skills -Start small and scale quickly Ans: All of the above

Decision trees, support vector machines, and naive Bayes are different techniques to solve a _____________ problem. Fill in the blank.

Classification

If the grading system was such that your grades were presented as A, A-, B+, B and so forth (each encompassing a range of numbers; for example, A is anything from 93 up to maximum of 100), which of the following will be the appropriate approach to your data analysis?

Classification problem

In 2006 Hinton and colleagues demonstrate that ____________ with many layers can be effectively trained. Fill in the blank.

Deep learning

Tone Analyzer uses linguistic analysis to detect three types of tones from written text:

Emotions, social tendencies, and writing style

Radiologists visually examine a large number of images per day. Which of the following can be a cause of concern for their task?

Eye fatigue

Which of the following is a true statement regarding natural language processing (NLP)?

NLP is a classification problem.

If you had to break down cognition and how it works in four words, what would they be?

Observe, interpret, evaluate and decide

With AI systems, ______________is the process of refining an algorithm so that it can learn from a data set. The output of this operation is called a model. A model encompasses the learned coefficients of mathematical expressions. Fill in the blank.

Training

The Washington Post in a 2016 article stated that: half of the American workforce is at risk of being replaced by robots in the next decade. Which of the following tasks is key to successful AI technology adoption?

Training humans to work with machines

Statisticians often refer to allowing some bias in exchange for reducing variance. Which of the following depicts what Statisticians are referring to

Unlike regression, machine learning predictions might be wrong on average, but when the predictions miss, they often don't miss by much.

Amazon's recommendation engine uses which of the following machine learning methods?

Unsupervised learning

You can connect to a data source and pull documents on a schedule (if desired) into the Discovery service by configuring a collection to associate with that source. Which of the following data sources can the Discovery service crawl, using both tooling and APIs?

a. Box b. Saleforce c. Microsoft Share Point

Which of the following pose challenges to the field of natural language understanding?

a. Nuances b. Colloquial way of talking c. Idiosyncrasies

Which of the following statements best explains the explosion of data in recent years?

a. Proliferation of unstructured data b. Faster and more efficient hardware c. Ubiquitous sensors and instruments in society