IDFX PRACTICE TEST 1/25/20
What type of glass is this?
tempered glass Tempered glass breaks into many pieces without sharp shards. Laminated glass fractures into a spider web type pattern when broken, but generally stays intact. Plate glass would break into sharp pieces and be very dangerous - it can't be used in areas subject to human impact like a shower door. Both tempered and laminated are types of safety glass.
In the drawing below, what is the required dimension for "X"?
12" Min Source: 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, 505 Handrails A handrail must extend a minimum of 12" at the top of the run. 505.3 Continuity. Handrails shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight or ramp run. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps shall be continuous between flights or runs. EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, handrails on ramps shall not be required to be continuous in aisles serving seating.
How many stairs are required to reach the second floor, when the ceiling height of the first floor is 10 feet. Allow 6″ space between floors.
18 Step 1. Convert feet to inches. Floor 1 is 120 inches, plus 6" between floors.10×12=120+6=126″ Step 2. Divide by 7″, height of a typical riser. 126/7=18
Commercial-grade cabinets are most often constructed of panel products with a thickness of 1/2 in 5/8 in 3/4 in 7/8 in
3/4 in The majority of a cabinet is built with 3⁄4 in panels including the bottom, sides, and top bracing. The back is typically 1⁄4 in, but this was not one of the options.
Most people in the United States typically conduct business and relate to strangers at which distance?
4ft to 12ft Social distance, including both the close and far phase, ranges from about 4 ft to 12 ft.
What would be the best combination of dimensions for a stair serving a sleeping loft in a condominium where space was at a premium and the floor-to-floor dimension was 9 ft 4 in? 8 in riser, 10 in tread 8 in riser, 11 in tread 7 in riser, 10 in tread 7 in riser, 11 in tread
7 in riser, 10 in tread If space is at a premium and the floor-to-floor dimension is fixed, minimize the number of treads and the width of one so as to achieve the shortest possible total run. An 8 in riser cannot be used because the code maximum for residential uses is 73⁄4 in. The 7 in riser will work, so select the one with the narrowest tread, 10 in.
The controls for all accessible (barrier free) wall mounted restroom accessories must be located how many inches/mm AFF for a SIDE reach:
9" (230 mm) - 48" (1200 mm) Source: NCIDQ Examination Building Code Requirements, 5.0 ACCESSIBILITY 5.5 ALL accessible (barrier-free) wall-mounted controls MUST be located between 15″ [380 mm] and 44″ [1100 mm] AFF for a Forward Reach and between 9" [230 mm] and 48" [1200 mm] AFF for a Side Reach.
In which situation should an interior designer include a furniture plan as part of their construction drawing package?
A - If the existing furniture is being reused/relocated C - To coordinate the location of electrical outlets in relation to the location of furniture Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Furnishings and Equipment Plans Furniture plans show the location of each piece of furniture - both reused and/or new with a corresponding code number that identify each piece. A furniture plan can be included in the construction drawing package, however the furniture plan itself should not be combined on the same page as interior construction as it can cause confusion.
A home run noted on the contract documents is:
A graphic indication showing which lights and outlets are connects to a particular circuit breaker in an electrical panel box Source: Codes Guidebook for Interiors, Electrical and Communications Requirements If a cable is continuously from the electrical panel to the device, without any intermediate connections, it is considered a home run. A home run is drawn by the electrical engineer and used on their drawings. It is a graphic indication (using an arrowhead and the number of the circuits) that the line on the drawing connecting lights or outlets is connected to a particular circuit breaker in a particular electrical panel box.
In the image below, which of the symbols would you use to represent a light switch that can be controlled from two different locations?
B The terms "three-way switch" and "four-way switch" are often confusing because the numbers do not refer to the number of locations from which control is possible. Rather, the numbers refer to the number of conductors required to make the switching possible. For example, a three-way switch required three conductors (not including the ground) to make it possible to control a light from two different switches. Read more: Lighting, Circuiting
Which method of veneer matching should a designer avoid when specifying veneer application if they have a small budget, have multiple areas in the project to cover and there are several windows or doors throughout the space? Sequence match Center match Book match Blueprint match
Blueprint match Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Architectural Woodwork Blueprint matching is the most expensive method, as the panels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every architectural feature and obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted. Veneers from the same flitch are matched over doors, cabinets, and other items covered with paneling. See the Answer Vault video Reverse diamond match
A separate finish plan is used to communicate which of the following?
Complex finish configurations, when there are several finish types on each wall. Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Finish Schedules and Finish Plans A separate finish plan is used to communicate complex finish configurations, when there are multiple finishes on each wall. The building configuration relates to the construction plan. Lists containing each room and the types/specifics of finishes, and communication of a large amount of complex information in a small space has to do with the finish schedule. Installation instructions are not listed on the plans, but as part of the specifications.
Which scheduling tool graphically depicts: all tasks required to complete a project the sequence in which they must occur their duration the earliest or latest possible starting time the earliest or latest possible completion
Critical Path Method chart A CPM (critical path method) chart graphically depicts all tasks required to complete a project, the sequence in which they must occur, their duration, the earliest or latest possible starting time, and the earliest or latest possible completion. It also defines the sequence of critical tasks that must be started and finished exactly on time if the total schedule is to be met. Here is a sample of a critical path for an interior design project:The designer obtains the client's needs, prepares floor plans, obtains the client's approval, orders products, and installs and/or delivers products. It is clear that it is impossible, as well as unwise, to try to do any one of these tasks before completing the one directly preceding it. As the interrelationships are entered into the computer, along with due dates and the duration of each task, the computer automatically makes the calculations and makes the adjustments for changes in the schedule. Then new charts are produced, which can be given in different for mats to the interior design team members, the client, and other stakeholders. Qpractice Exam GuidePiotrowski, Christine M. Professional Practice for Interior Designers, 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons P&T.
During the design development phase of design, what method would NOT be used to reduce potential noise problems in a room whose exact size and shape had not yet been determined?
Design the room to have the largest ceiling surface area possible. All are important considerations in controlling both noise within a room and noise being transmitted from outside a room. A large ceiling might be useful for applying sound-absorbent material, but the SIZE of the ceiling is already determined by the time design development begins.
Which technique would be a more accurate measuring procedure for documenting large spaces?
Electronic Distance Measurement An EDM is a common tool used by many architects and designers. It uses a laser based instrument with an on board computer to take dimensions. EDM measurements are accurate to 1/64" ± Read more: Measurement and Drafting
During a design charrette for a new hotel, the owner raises the concern of noise being heard in spaces where visitors desire a quiet environment. In addition to designing walls and floors to make proper use of sound absorption, which collection of planning concepts will you utilize to minimize acoustic problems?
Grouping similar spaces; Staggering doorways in corridors to reduce the path for noise; Utilizing buffer spaces to separate noise-producing spaces; Locating furniture away from the wall that is separating spaces Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Building Systems and Construction, Acoustics Group similar spaces; stagger doorways in corridors to reduce the path for noise; use buffer spaces to separate noise-producing spaces; Locate furniture away from the wall that is separating spaces. Maximize the area of the common wall between two rooms where a reduction in sound transmission is desired. "In addition to designing walls and floors to retard sound transmission and making proper use of sound absorption, the following ideas can be used to help minimize acoustic problems in interior space planning. Plan similar use areas next to each other. For example, placing bedrooms next to each other is better than placing a bedroom next to a noisy space like a kitchen. Use buffer spaces such as closets and hallways to separate noise-producing spaces whenever possible. Using closets between bedrooms as a common wall is one example of this technique. Stagger doorways in halls and other areas to avoid providing a straight-line path for noise. If possible, try to locate furniture and other potential noise producing objects away from the wall that is separating spaces. Minimize the area of the common wall between two rooms where a reduction in sound transmission is desired. Avoid room shapes that reflect or focus sound. Barrel-vaulted hallways and circular rooms, for example produce undesirable focused sounds. Rooms that focus sound may also deprive some listeners of useful reflections."
Which types of luminaires require a ballast? LED and HID Xenon and fluorescent LED and fluorescent HID and fluorescent
HID and fluorescent Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Building Systems and Construction, Fluorescent, High-Intensity Discharge LED luminaires do not require ballasts, but do require a transformer/driver which is sometimes incorporated into the lampXenon luminaires do not require ballastsBoth HID and fluorescent luminaires require ballasts to transform the voltage for the fixture
A building that has a platinum rating has been designed and certified under which of the following systems?
LEED The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is a national, consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices. It was developed by the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC) . In order for a building to be certified, certain prerequisites must be achieved and enough points must be earned to meet or exceed the program's technical requirements. Points add up to a final score that relates to one of four possible certification levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum.
In the following Partition Plan, what element does Note '1' denote?
Overhead ceiling beam to remain Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Drawing and Drafting Fundamentals, Line Types Although denoted by dashed lines, the ceiling beam is not to be demolished. Demolition is not shown on a Partition Plan. The dashed lines denote an overhead ceiling beam - a clue to this is also that the dashed lines are in between columns, which is where structural beams are often located. These elements are often shown on Partition Plans for reference, even though it is technically an element pertaining to the ceiling. Generally anything denoted as a dashed line on a Partition Plan means it is an element happening above.
What construction material does this hatch represent?
Steel This is steel, steel is represented by a series of 2 diagonal lines Concrete is incorrect, concrete is represented with a stipple pattern Plywood is incorrect, plywood is represented by a series of diagonal lines crossing over horizontal lines Concrete block is incorrect, concrete block is represented by a crosshatch pattern
Avora FR is a trade name for what? Acetate Nylon Cotton Polyester
Polyester Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Selection of Materials, Finishes, and Furnishings; Selection of Furniture Fabrics Avora® FR - AVORA® FR is the trademark for licensed fabrics containing 100% inherent FR polyester fiber from INVISTA. Avora is the trade name for a modified polyester yarn that is permanently flame resistant within the fiber regardless of wear or the number of washing. Fabrics made with this fiber are easy to clean, abrasion resistant, crease proof, and dimensionally stable, and they do not retain odors or support bacteria. They meet most flammability requirements for use in hospitality and contract furnishing applications. It differs from Crypton nylon, which is instead immersed in a chemical solution that is heat set to form a surface coating that is stain, water, flame, and bacteria resistant. Both are often used for healthcare, retirement, and other similar applications where cleaning and durability are primary concerns. One way to remember the difference between the two is that Avora is within the fiber and Crypton is on the fabric. Avora FR fabrics are synonymous with safety, as the flame resistance is permanent and will not wash or wear out. Avora FR fabrics also exhibit excellent wear properties, good dimensional stability, excellent colorfastness and ease of care, and are available in a wide range of designs.
What type of structural system cannot be penetrated after construction placement?
Post tensioned concrete Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Building Systems and Construction, Floor Penetration Post tensioned concrete consists of steel cables that at tightened as the concrete hardens to reinforce strength. Once tightened the cables cannot be cut or manipulated without affecting the material strength and damaging the wall.
This exhibit illustrates which type of veneer wood cut?
Quarter slicing Source: Interior Design Reference Manual 6th Edition, Architectural woodwork, types of veneer cuts Quarter slicing is created by cutting a log into quarters, then very thinly slicing perpendicular to the diameter, giving a more uniform graining pattern. Watch the Answer Vault video Wood veneer
You have specified a sustainable wood finish for a hotel bar. The wood came from a deconstructed barn in a nearby state. Considering this product information, what type of product is this wood finish considered?
Reclaimed Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Sustainable Design Reclaimed wood is salvaged from old buildings, boats, railway ties, or other structures and recycled for new use. Reclaimed wood can be reused by removing nails and other fasteners, drying, and cutting or planing, and often the has an aged appearance that designers may find preferable for a specific aesthetic. Typical usage could include floorcovering. For renovation projects, reuse of existing components are considered reclaimed. Wood by-products can be counted as reclaimed material. These include items from secondary manufacturers; felled, diseased, or dead trees from urban or suburban areas; orchard trees that are unproductive and cut for replacement; and wood recovered from landfills or water bodies. Because it is being reused, information about the sustainability of the wood species or if it is renewable is not included.
The tables in a restaurant are all arranged along the same wall, but range from lighter to darker colors of yellow to orange. This illustrates the design principle of
Right Answer: This illustrates the design principle of gradation Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Design Concepts & Programming, Rhythm Gradation is an important type of rhythm where the size, color, or value of design elements are gradually modified as the elements repeat, in this case in range of color from lighter yellow to orange.
In the HVAC system, have directional fins at different angles (sometimes adjustable) to distribute the air throughout the space.
Right Answer: diffusers|air diffusers|supply air diffusers have directional fins at different angles (sometimes adjustable) to distribute the air throughout the space. Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Structural, Mechanical and Plumbing Systems Diffusers have directional fins at different angles (sometimes adjustable) to distribute the air throughout the space. Registers (in the floor or wall) can be open, closed, or adjusted somewhere in-between. Grilles often used for return air have no movable parts or slats for adjustment. Note: on the exam, fill in the blank questions will have numerical answers only.
What installation method for terrazzo is the best method to avoid cracking?
Sand cushion Source: Binggeli, Corky. Interior Graphic Standards: Student Edition, Interior Construction, Interior Finishes Terrazzo is a very low maintenance, seamless floor finish with the luxurious look of stone mosaic and durability comparable to that of concrete. Often selected for its decorative possibilities, terrazzo artists can produce striking medallions or intricate inlaid patterns. Terrazzo is a mixture of a binder and crushed aggregate, typically marble. Divider strips of brass, white alloy of zinc, or plastic are used functionally as control joints, and aesthetically as design elements to separate fields of color. The use of metal dividers and the size of panels may affect the installation system that is used. In the sand cushion method, the finish system is separated from the structural slab with a membrane. The terrazzo system can move independently from the structure since the underbed is reinforced. Other methods should only be used if floor movement or deflection is not expected as they are more prone to producing cracks. Advantages of the portland cement on sand cushion method include: Breathability - not affected by moisture vapor transmission Can accommodate substrate defects Can be sloped for drains Can be used with radiant flooring systems Disadvantages include: Requires at least 2″ depth for installation More limited color without glass chips allowed Longer curing times Size limitations of panels between dividers
Which of the following ADA bathrooms does not pass all requirements?
Source: 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, 603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms This plan shows an example of a single-user toilet room that does not meet the minimum requirements of the 2010 ADA Standards. While there is a clear 60″ minimum circular turning space, there is not a clear 18″ pull and 12″ push clearance around the door.
Which information would not be found in an elevation drawing?
The manner in which an assembly of several parts is organized and connected Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Specialty Drawings The manner in which an assembly of several parts is organized and connected is found in a detail drawing, not an elevation.
One Point Perspective drawing is created when: The viewer's point of view is perpendicular to one of the object's planes The viewer's point of view is parallel to the picture plane The viewer's point of view is centered between the left and right station points The viewer's point of view is located at eye level and is not perpendicular to a plane on the object
The viewer's point of view is perpendicular to one of the object's planes
Choose the correct drawing order:
Title, Civil, Landscape, Arch, Structure, Mech, Plumb, Elec Source: Qpractice Summary, Sequence of Construction Activities The drawing set is a communication tool for all the parties involved in a construction project. It should be organized so that it is easy to understand and find information. The Title sheet always comes first. The site and landscape surround the building so Civil and Landscape drawings appear before those for the building. Next, the Architectural drawings, including interior design as incorporated as part of the architectural set come before the consultant drawings. Then structure comes before the others which are generally listed in the order that they are performed during construction, so Electrical would come last.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about fire-rated door assemblies? Either hinges or rated pivots may be used. Under some circumstances a closer is not needed. Glass area is limited based on rating. Labeling is required for both the door and frame.
Under some circumstances a closer is not needed. Closers are always required with fire-rated door assemblies (protected openings). IBC 716.5.9 Door closing. Fire doors shall be self- or automatic-closing in accordance with this section.
Preliminary space planning shows that it is impossible to satisfy all the programmed adjacencies shown on the adjacency matrix that has been approved by the client. What is the best course of action?
Verify that the adjacencies require physical connection, and then review the problem with the client. Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Concept Development and the Design Process, Matrices and Adjacency Studies The initial design can help the client clarify the programming adjacencies and, if necessary, modify them so the designer can proceed with good information. If the client wants to see sketches to prove that the required adjacencies cannot be made to work, these are already available from the initial work on the problem.
What is the best drawing to use when communicating the depth and dimensions of various moldings and reveals on a decorative wall in a conference room?
Vertical Section A properly placed vertical section will show the various depths of the facade which can be dimensioned as needed.
Which of the line types below represents a property line on a site plan?
a The answer is A. The heavy line with two short dashed lines in between longer lines represents a property line on a site plan.
Your client has told you that they would like a living room rug that is natural, environmentally friendly, and free of dyes and other harsh chemicals. It must also be durable and wick moisture/spills. Which of the following would be the best choice?
a 100% wool rug Wool is a natural material and one of the best for carpet. It is very durable and resilient, wears well, has a superior appearance, is flame resistant and is relatively easy to clean and maintain. Natural colored wool rugs are typically free of dyes and other harsh chemicals. Wool is a renewable resource, and liquids will bead on a wool rug for easy clean up and removal.
Overall department relationships of a large company being planned to occupy a multistory building would most likely be shown in
a stacking diagram To show overall departmental relationships (rather than individual space relationships), a stacking diagram is used. Then individual block diagrams or bubble diagrams are developed for each floor.
Which tool is best for documenting spatial proximity, related activities and identifying priorities:
adjacency matrix Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Concept Development and the Design Process Before designers can begin to solve a problem, they must understand how the organization is structured. If in an office environment, is there a need for public and private separation? Or in a private medical office with two physicians, is there a shared waiting, reception, and business area? Who needs to communicate in person to whom? These are questions related to adjacency requirements. An adjacency matrix is a useful tool for documenting spatial proximity, related activities, and identifying priorities.
All of the following are true about construction drawings EXCEPT?
are not part of the contract documents One of the most important parts of the contract documents is a set of construction drawings.
Which of the following is true about solid-core doors?
available with fire ratings of 20 minutes, 45 minutes, and 90 minutes are made with a variety of core types depending on the functional requirements of the door used as acoustical barriers Solid-core doors are made with a variety of core types depending on the functional requirements of the door. Cores may be particleboard, stave core (solid blocks of wood), or mineral core for fire-rated doors. Solid-core doors are used for their fire-resistive properties, as acoustical barriers, for security, and for their superior durability. Solid-core doors are available with fire ratings of 20 minutes, 45 minutes, or 90 minutes.
Which of the following plan arrangements would be most appropriate for the entry, nave, altar, and choir of a church moving into an existing rectangular space?
axial Source: Ching, F.D. K. (09/2014). Architecture: Form, Space, and Order, 4th Edition. For a formal, ceremonial space, the axial organization would focus attention on the altar in relationship to the nave, or seating area. Aligning the entry would also emphasize entry and procession, two elements that are important to most religions. Think of the axes in this example like the shape of the cross. The axis is perhaps the most elementary means of organizing forms and spaces in architecture. It is a line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a regular or irregular manner. An axis can be a powerful, dominating, regulating device. Although it implies symmetry, it demands balance.
Your client has an account for special pricing with a particular manufacturer. However, they are unsure if the product they are getting is the best price they can receive for the same level of product. What type of specification would be best to include in the bid documents to ensure your client's concerns are addressed? descriptive specification base - bid specification performance specification proprietary specification
base - bid specification Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Construction Specifications, Types of Specifications Because a base-bid spec is a type of prescriptive spec and basically an expanded proprietary spec, it ensures the designer truly understands the differences as well as the concerns of the client.
Which of the following drawings would be most needed to begin space planning in an existing building?
base plan A base plan shows the layout of the existing building and is always necessary before beginning an interior design space plan.
Which is the most common method of veneer matching?
book matching Matching adjacent veneer leaves may be done in three ways. The most common method is book matching in which the veneers are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves form a symmetrical grain pattern.
Which of the following is NOT one of the most important considerations for light quality?
bulb type The quality of light is just as important as the quantity. Important considerations are glare, contrast, uniformity and color.
What would be the easiest way to increase the IIC value of a conference room floor? providing sound-absorbing material (insulation) in the air space between the floor and the finished ceiling below providing a resiliently suspended ceiling below providing a thick flooring at least 1/8" thick carpeting the floor
carpeting the floor The IIC value of a floor can most easily be increased by adding carpet. It can also be improved by providing a resiliently suspended ceiling below, floating a finished floor on resilient pads over the structural floor, or providing sound - absorbing material (insulation) in the air space between the floor and the finished ceiling below.
Which of the following door hardware is required on fire rated doors?
closer Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, Means of Egress, Doorways 2.7 All door assemblies requiring a fire-protection rating shall have self-closing devices. Closers are devices that automatically return a door to its closed position after it is opened to maintain fire separation. Closers may also be required for privacy and accessibility codes.
Which element of design is one of the most powerful tools for the interior designer and is also one of the most complex to understand and apply?
color Source: Beginnings of Interior Environments, 11th Edition, Elements and Principles of Design Color is one of the most dominant perceptions of the physical world and one of the most powerful tools for interior designers. At the same time, color is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenons to understand and use correctly.
Which of the following lighting strategies would provide the most significant energy savings and benefit occupants psychologically in a commercial space?
daylighting Electric lighting and the cooling it requires typically account for 30%-40% of a commercial building's total energy use and can sometimes range as high as 50%. Maximizing the use of natural light provides significant energy savings in a building and reduces dependence on power-generating plants that use non-renewable energy. Natural light and the resulting views to the outside benefit the occupants of a space both physically and psychologically. For these reasons, space plans should maximize daylighting.
When would a designer determine if the building owner or client is interested in applying for a LEED rating for their project?
during the site analysis or programming phase During site analysis the interior designer should determine if the building owner or client are interested in applying for a LEED Rating for their project. Although most of the sustainability issues related to interior design are implemented during the schematic design, design development, and contract documents phases of the project delivery process, there are many decisions that are appropriately made by the client during programming. These sustainability decisions include those that affect site selection, or selection of the building in which the tenant or interior design project will be located. Site analysis may be part of programming or it may be a separate activity if the interior designer has not been hired to do programming.
Which drawing sheets will contain specific information about the door and window construction and location?
elevations and sections The floor plan, schedules, and details may reference door and window elements but the most specific information about placement and construction, such as partition types required, can be found in the elevations and sections.
What type of cushioning would be best for a hospital waiting room?
high-density foam A medical waiting area with high usage would benefit from a firmer cushion. Cotton batting and low-density polyurethane do not meet this requirement. Also, any material with a low ILD (indentation load deflection) implies a soft cushion.
Which of the following is untrue about Gestalt psychology? holds that humans innately perceive things as a whole so that what is perceived is complete and comprehensible holds that human behavior attempts to lay claim to space and give a sense of self-identity founded in Germany in the early part of the 20th century by Max Wertheimer explains the phenomenon known as simultaneous contrast with color, in which the same color appears to change depending on the background color it is seen against
holds that human behavior attempts to lay claim to space and give a sense of self-identity Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, DEVELOPING DESIGN CONCEPTS, Theories of Perception, Gestalt Psychology According to Gestalt psychology, the human mind will simplify the visual environment in order to understand it. Given any composition of forms, we tend to reduce the subject matter in our visual field to the simplest and most regular shapes. The simpler and more regular a shape is, the easier it is to perceive and understand. Gestalt psychology is a movement founded in 1912 Germany by Max Wertheimer, which holds that humans innately perceive things as a whole. This theory suggests that perception is not a response to individual bits of stimulus but to the whole, and that people will actively add structure to what they see rather than just reacting to it. So if you first perceive these two separate characters as a diamond, rather than focusing on the gaps between:<>that is an example of the Gestalt law of closure. Likewise, we tend to view this as 5 symmetrical shapes, according to the Gestalt law of symmetry, rather than 10 individual brackets.{} {} [] {} []
What makes a rendering appear more natural and create the illusion of three dimensions?
incorporating light The most important thing to understand about rendering is that, regardless of style, itintroduces qualities of illumination to a drawing. This means that good rendering introduces light into the drawing making it appear more natural and creating the illusion of three dimension.
All of the following are true about a low voltage lamp EXCEPT? is a semiconductor device that uses solid-state electronics to create light typically operate at 12V provide better beam control than a standard incandescent lamp are another class of incandescent lamps
is a semiconductor device that uses solid-state electronics to create light Source: Designing With Light: The Art, Science and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design, Lamps Not all low voltage lamps are LEDs, some incandescent and halogen lamps are designed to operate at a reduced voltage and are also called low voltage lamps. These lamps operate at a lower voltage than 120V, usually 12V. Because the filaments are thicker, they are also more compact, resulting in smaller lamps and lamps with better beam control. A transformer is required to step down the line voltage. This results in a bulkier luminaire and higher initial cost. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that uses solid-state lighting that also includes organic light-emitting diodes and light-emitting polymers.
The following describes which type of flooring: Composed from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, and/or fillers, this material is formed under heat and pressure to produce a thin material, either sheets or tiles. This is applied with mastic to a subfloor of concrete, plywood or other smooth underlayment.
resilient flooring
All of the following are true about a site analysis except? requires understanding both the neighborhood and social context of the project may be part of the programming design phase is a form of due diligence is typically conducted by the architect
is typically conducted by the architect Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Site Analysis, Due Diligence Site Investigation Site Analysis is a study of the site factors and existing conditions such as geographical orientation, access from/to public transportation, views, etc. Site Analysis is the investigation and evaluation of conditions within which the project will be completed. It's a form of due diligence in that the designer can only completely design the interior space after knowing the context of the project. It's about the environmental issues with the location of the project. The product is a report or diagram of these factors and not an actual plan solution. Site analysis may be part of programming or it may be considered a separate activity if designer has not been hired to do programming. Site analysis includes the following tasks: review of architectural plans including as-builts (if available) measuring the space walking through space or field surveys photographing the space understanding both the neighborhood and social context of the project
You have been assigned the task of field measuring a large church with a school and living quarters attached to the sanctuary. Which measuring method would be the most accurate when measuring this large, complex interior?
laser scanning Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Measurement and Drafting Laser scanning is the most accurate measurement method and is especially useful for large, complex interiors. Rectified photography is an antiquated measurement method that uses a film-based camera. Orthophotography is similar to rectified photography, but requires the use of a digital camera. This method could be used, but it is not as accurate as laser scanning. Handheld electronic distance measurements (EDM) would not be appropriate for precisely measuring complex interiors.
An interior designer can do or specify all of the following to reduce water consumption in a commercial building except?
locate all of the plumbing on the same wall and or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a wet column, plumbing chase or plumbing trench Because of the cost of plumbing and the necessity of sloping drainage pipes, plumbing fixtures should be located close to existing plumbing lines. In most commercial buildings, most plumbing is concentrated in one area near the core; from this location, it serves the toilet rooms, drinking fountains and similar facilities. To provide service to sinks, private toilets and the like, wet columns are sometimes included in the building. While this consideration to location saves money and helps with drainage, it does NOT impact the water consumption or conservation.
Which common structural system would typically be found in a one story or low-rise building with wide column spacing and would allow for mechanical and electrical service ducts, pipes and conduit to be easily run between the members? open-web joist system beam-and-girder system single tee system waffle slab system
open-web joist system Two of the most common steel structural systems are beam and girder systems and the open-web steel joist system. Interior designers usually encounter open-web steel joists in one-story or low-rise buildings with wide column spacing. Because the webs are open, mechanical and electrical service ducts, pipes and conduit can easily be run between the web members. Suspended ceilings and other lightweight interior elements can also easily be hung from the bottoms of the joists.
Once a designer has narrowed the search for furniture to several options, actual samples or mockups may be needed for the designer and client to make a final selection. Which of the following would be a typical method of obtaining samples or mockups?
order a custom full size mock up made from wood panel or other materials have the manufacturer send a sample to the client's home or office all of these take the client to a dealership or major design center to view the product
What determines the depth of steel studs in commercial construction?
partition height, gauge of the stud, spacing of studs and number of layers of gypsum board The most common size of 2 1⁄2″ for nonstructural steel framing. This depth is sufficient for normal ceiling heights and slab to slab partitions. It allows enough room for electrical boxes and small pipes. The studs are normally placed 16″ or 24″ on center.
Which of the following is is not a characteristic of gypsum wallboard? has fire resistance is a low cost installation easy to install doors and windows within poor sound control capabilities
poor sound control capabilities Gypsum wallboard is inexpensive to install, quick and easy installation, has fire resistance, sound control capabilities, easy availability, versatility, ease of finishing and decorating, and provides ease of installation of doors and other openings.
Which is NOT one of the purposes for a plumbing vent?
prevent backflow Vents are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations, open to outside air, and designed to serve 2 purposes: 1.allow built-up sewage gases to escape instead of bubble through the water in the traps.2. allow pressure in the system to equalize so discharging waste does not create a siphon that would drain the water out of the traps.
If a designer is working on a project with a short completion date what might affect their furniture selections for the project?
production time
Your client has indicated that they would like to incorporate a sustainable rooftop garden and water collection system in the redesign of their office building. What drawing would you need to begin work on this feature?
site plan A site plan is a view of a building as seen from directly above, showing the roof of the building, as well as the surrounding yards, walks, driveways, and other features within the property.
What is a drawing that shows a top view of a building and its surroundings?
site plan If just the top of the building is shown, it is a roof plan, If the surroundings are shown, it is a site plan.
All of the following are important to remember when writing specifications except? avoid exculpatory clauses that try to shift the responsibility to the contractor or someone else in a broad, general way specifications are legal documents specify the results and the methods to achieve those results together do not include standards that cannot be measured
specify the results and the methods to achieve those results together Because specifications are legal documents as well as a way of communicating technical information, they must be complete, accurate, and unambiguous. The language must be precise. They should specify the end result required, but not the specific methods or means used to achieve those results, to prevent liability for third party claims.
While designing a high end hotel, the client is having a hard time understanding the design's use of volume and form to create drama in the hotel lobby. They have requested a 3D representation be shown at the next meeting to better help understand the design. What method would best communicate your design given the client's request?
study model Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Communication Methods, Models A model is an excellent way to communicate the three-dimensional aspects of an interior space, especially to clients who may not be adept at understanding two-dimensional drawings of elevations and rendered floor plans. At times, models can show spaces even better than can three-dimensional drawings like perspectives or isometrics.
Dion was promoted and now has his own office. He has been busy adding his own personal touches to the space to include his diploma, and framed award certificates, photos of his wife and kids, and photos of his fraternity brothers. What type of human behavior is this and example of? territoriality proxemics Maslow's hierarchy of needs personalization
territoriality Source: Kilmer, R., Kilmer, W. O. Designing Interiors., The Basic Theories of Design Composition, Psychological and Emotional Space Designers must also carefully consider the psychological and emotional qualities of space. Everyone has a personal sense of space; sometimes the size of a particular space or the arrangement of furniture is not in harmony with a person's sense of what should occur in the space. Territoriality is a fundamental aspect of human behavior and refers to the people's need to lay claim to the spaces they occupy and the things they own. Each individual has a sense of "territory," also referred to as "personal space" or as a "space bubble." This natural characteristic of human beings and animals is referred to as territoriality, a term coined by Dr. Edward Hall (1914-2009). Territoriality is related to proxemics, but is its own concept.
In a successful presentation all of the following should happen EXCEPT? the designer should use a lot of visuals and graphics to help the client understand the design concepts and ideas should be a give and take of questions, discussions, input, and answers between the designer and client the designer should actively listen to the client the designer should ask clarifying questions
the designer should use a lot of visuals and graphics to help the client understand the design concepts and ideas Many books on presentations and public speaking describe the need to keep content and graphics as simple and straightforward as possible. The need for simplicity relates to understanding the audience, because what is simple for a group of experts may go over the head of the general public. The concept of simplicity goes beyond audience identification in that all presentations should be kept as simple and easy to follow as possible. Our pictures tell a story. Therefore, we must seek the way to convey this story as simply and clearly as possible.
Establishing goals, collecting and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs and stating the problem describes?
the five step process Source: Problem Seeking, An Architectural Programming Primer, Five Steps There are several methods of programming, all of which can be used to establish the guidelines and information on which the design process can be based. One popular programming method uses a five-step process in relationship to the four major considerations of form, function, economy and time. This method is described in Problem Seeking, by William M. Peña and Steven A. Parshall. The five-step process involves establishing goals, collecting and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs and stating the problem.
Which of the following would be a design concept statement for a restaurant with a great view? all of these are examples of design concept statements to create a design that increase nightly revenue to create a neutral background of cool color finishes while maximizing the view of the city skyline to create an environment that encourages patrons to complete their dining in an expedient manner so as to maximize the number of nightly patrons
to create a neutral background of cool color finishes while maximizing the view of the city skyline Source: Qpractice, Lesson: Programmatic vs. Design Concepts Although design concepts specify particular physical responses, they are still a broad approach that leaves some flexibility in fleshing out the details of the design. For example, a design concept for a restaurant located in a scenic area might be to design a neutral background of warm color finishes while maximizing the view to the outside. A statement like this helps determine such things as space planning of the rooms and tables, (oriented to the view, possibly on stepped platforms like a theater) location of service spaces away from the primary view, selection of finishes and materials. The same statement precludes other decisions such as a strong "theme" look or a layout of tables and lounge areas focusing on the interior of the restaurant. The other statements are functional, so are programmatic concepts, not design concepts.
What is the primary consideration to make when specifying paneling?
veneer matching method In addition to the way veneers are cut, there are several methods of matching adjacent pieces of veneer and veneer panels in a room that affect the final appearance of the job. The veneer matching method is the primary consideration to make when specifying paneling.
On which drawing would you find the abbreviations NIC, BRK, FPL?
working drawings On the floor plan, also called working drawings, you may see abbreviations like: NIC: not in contractBRK: breakFPL: fireplace As abbreviations may vary, these should also be listed in the drawing legend.
