IELTS Reading Mass Stranding of whales and dolphins

fierce - adjective - Synonyms - Anger

(especially of people or animals) angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening. Ex: a fierce dog. Ex: Two fierce eyes glared at them.

afford

(usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions) to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do something. Ex: Can we afford a new car? None of them could afford £50 for a ticket

flatter- verb

1- to say nice things about somebody, often in a way that is not sincere, because you want them to do something for you or you want to please them Ex: Are you trying to flatter me? 2- to make someone look as attractive as they can. ex: That dress really flatters your figure

noun fluctuation - verb fluctuate SYN variation.

Def: a change in a price, amount, level etc Ex: the fluctuation in interest rates

noun substance substantiation substantive adjective substantial ≠ insubstantial substantive verb substantiate adverb substantially

Def: a solid, liquid, or gas.a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities. Es: a dangerous substance

curiosity - noun

Def: a strong desire to know about something Ex: Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them

synthetic ( adjective , adverb: synthetically synonym man-made OPP natural)

Def: artificial; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals. Ex:synthetic drugs/fabrics

prompt2 ●●○ adjective synonym immediate

Def: done quickly, immediately, or at the right time Ex: Prompt action must be taken

fairly

Def: more than a little, but much less than very. Ex: The house had a fairly large garden

dye (verb& noun) , dyed: adjective

Def: to change the colour of something, especially by using a special liquid or substance. Ex: She dyed her hair blonde

prompt: verb

Def: to make someone decide to do something prompt somebody to do something What prompted you to buy that suit?

verb- invent ,noun invention , adjective inventive, adverb inventively

Def: to produce or design something that has not existed before. Ex: I wish mobile phones had never been invented!

despite - preposition

Def: used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have happened to prevent it. Ex: Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.

hue - noun

a colour; a particular shade of a colour. His face took on an unhealthy whitish hue

quinine - noun

a drug made from the bark of a S American tree, used in the past to treat malaria

rage - noun

a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to control. Example: His face was dark with rage.

coal - noun

a hard black mineral that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat. Ex: I put more coal on the fire.

talent - noun( Syn: skill)

a natural ability to do something well Ex: Arab got talent

century - noun

a period of 100 years. Examples: By the close of this century another two billion people will have been born.

decade - noun

a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910-1919 or 2000-2009

anthrax

a serious disease affecting cattle and sheep, which can affect humans.

tuberculosis - noun

a serious infectious disease that affects many parts of your body, especially your lungs.

snail noun animal

a small soft creature with a hard round shell on its back, that moves very slowly and often eats garden plants. Some types of snail can be eaten.

civilization - noun

a society that is well organized and developed, used especially about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular time. Example: modern American civilization.

patent - noun

a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy → copyright. Ex: The device was protected by patent.

threat - noun (noun threat adjective threatening verb threaten adverb threateningly)

a statement in which you tell somebody that you will punish or harm them, especially if they do not do what you want. Example: Your threats don't scare me.

enthusiasm noun ( enthusiast adjective enthusiastic ≠ unenthusiastic verb enthuse adverb enthusiastically ≠ unenthusiastically)

a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something and a desire to become involved in it. Ex: He had a real enthusiasm for the work.

vaccine - noun

a substance which contains a weak form of the bacteria or virus that causes a disease and is used to protect people from that disease. Doctors worried that there would not be enough vaccine for everyone who needed it

mucus

a thick liquid that is produced in parts of the body, such as the nose, by a mucous membrane

viable -adjective (synonym feasible)

a viable idea, plan, or method can work successfully. Ex: The committee came forward with one viable solution.

acronym - noun

a word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of something, for example, 'AIDS' is an acronym for 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome'.

stumble verb (SYN)trip

an act of falling or almost falling, especially because you hit your foot against something Ex: In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor

adopted - adjective

an adopted child has legally become part of a family which is not the one in which he or she was born. Example: Danny is their adopted son.

infection - noun (disinfectant adjective infectious infected verb infect ≠ disinfect adverb infectiously)

an infectious illness can be passed from one person to another, especially through the air you breathe Ex: infectious diseases

galaxy

any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space. Example: scientists observing phenomena in nearby galaxies

textile noun

any type of woven cloth that is made in large quantities - used especially by people in the business of making clothes etc. Ex: Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton

prompt: Syn: punctual

at the time mentioned and no late, [not before noun] (of a person) acting without delay; arriving at the right time. Ex :Please be prompt when attending these meetings

plentiful - adjective - Synonyms - abundant

available or existing in large amounts or numbers. a plentiful supply of food In those days jobs were plentiful

fortune noun ( misfortune unfortunate adjective fortunate ≠ unfortunate adverb fortunately ≠ unfortunately)

chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people's lives ,,, or : a very large amount of money Ex: Fortune smiled on me (= I had good luck).

muddy - adjective

covered with mud or containing mud. Ex: Take your boots off outside if they're muddy.

mysterious adjective SYN: strange

difficult to understand or explain; strange. Ex: He died in mysterious circumstances.

sufficient - adjective (noun sufficiency adjective sufficient ≠ insufficient verb suffice adverb sufficiently ≠ insufficiently) synonym - enough

enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need. Example: We need sufficient time to deal with the problem.

surpassing - adjective

extremely great:

vital - adjective - Synonym essential - crucial - decisive - indispensable

extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist. Ex: the vitamins that are vital for health. Ex: Reading is of vital importance in language learning.

fascinating - adjective

extremely interesting and attractive. Ex: a fascinating story/subject

eminent: adjective

famous and respected, especially in a particular profession. Ex: an eminent lawyer

foster - verb - synonym - encourage - promote

foster something to encourage something to develop. Ex: The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community.

devotion noun( adjective devoted verb devote adverb devotedly)

great love, care and support for somebody/something. Ex: Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children

tenuous - adjective

so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists. Example: The link between her family and the King's is rather tenuous

haunt - verb

if the ghost of a dead person haunts a place, people say that they have seen it there or if something unpleasant haunts you, it keeps coming to your mind so that you cannot forget it. Example: The memory of that day still haunts me.

machinery - noun (noun machine machinery machinist mechanic mechanics mechanism mechanization adjective mechanical mechanized mechanistic verb machine mechanize adverb mechanically mechanistically)

machines as a group, especially large ones

perfect - adjective. (noun perfection ≠ imperfection perfectionist perfectionism perfectibility adjective perfect ≠ imperfect perfectible perfectionist verb perfect adverb perfectly ≠ imperfectly)

not having any mistakes, faults, or damage. example: His English was perfect

pure - adjective. (noun purification purist purity ≠ impurity purifier adjective pure ≠ impure verb purify adverb purely)

not mixed with anything else; with nothing added. Example: rings made of pure gold

poised - adjective

not moving, but ready to move or do something at any moment. Example: He stood on the edge of the roof, poised to jump.

cog - noun

one of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel that fit between the teeth on the next wheel and cause it to move

outdo - verb - synonym - beat

outdo somebody/something to do more or better than somebody else. EX: He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class.

objection - noun

reason why you do not like or are opposed to something; a statement about this. Ex: I'd like to come too, if you have no objection.

intermittent - adjective - synonym - sporadic

stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly. Ex: intermittent rain

potential noun (potentiality adjective potential adverb potentially synonym possible)

that can develop into something or be developed in the future Ex: First we need to identify actual and potential problems

resignation - noun

the act of giving up your job or position; the occasion when you do this a letter of resignation

brink - noun

the brink (of something) if you are on the brink of something, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation. Example: Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery.

circumstances (S2 W1 AWL) noun

the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action. EX: I know I can trust her in any circumstance.

gratitude - noun (gratitude ≠ ingratitude ingrate adjective grateful ≠ ungrateful adverb gratefully)

the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks. Ex: I would like to express my gratitude to everyone for their hard work.

horizon - noun

the furthest that you can see, where the sky seems to meet the land or the sea. Example: The sun sank below the horizon.

applause - noun

the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment. Example: Give her a big round of applause!

fame noun (adjective famed famous infamous adverb famously infamously)

the state of being known about by a lot of people because of your achievements Ex:

fade - verb

to become or to make something become paler or less bright.// to gradually disappear Es: The curtains had faded in the sun. Ex: The music fades at the end of the song.

solid noun ( solidarity solidity solids solidification adjective solid verb solidify adverb solidly Syn :) hard

to become solid; to make something solid. Ex: The lake was frozen solid

burst - verb ( Synonyms: blow up go off burst erupt detonate)

to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way. Example: That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.

clamour - verb

to demand something loudly. Example: People began to clamour for his resignation

evolve - verb ( noun evolution adjective evolutionary verb evolve)

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop something in this way. Example: Each school must evolve its own way of working.

argument noun (adjective arguable argumentative verb argue adverb arguably)

to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way. Example: I don't want to argue with you—just do it!

criticize - verb ( noun critic criticism adjective critical ≠ uncritical verb criticize adverb critically ≠ uncritically)

to express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults OPP praise Ex: All you ever do is criticize!.

incorporation noun (verb incorporate)

to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc Ex: Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan

boost - verb - Synonyms - increase

to make something increase, or become better or more successful. Ex: The new resort area has boosted tourism.

perception noun ( perceptiveness adjective perceptible ≠ imperceptible perceptive verb perceive adverb perceptibly ≠ imperceptibly perceptively)

to notice or become aware of something. Ex: I perceived a change in his behaviour

immerse verb ( adjective: immersed) ( not impress)

to put someone or something deep into a liquid so that they are completely covered immerse somebody/something in something Es: Immerse your foot in ice-cold water to reduce the swelling

praise - verb & noun - opposite - criticize

to say that you admire and approve of someone or something, especially publicly OPP criticize Ex: Jane was praised by her teacher.

grasp - verb ( Syn: grip)

to take a firm hold of somebody/something. Ex: I grasped his arm firmly and led him away

merely - adverb

used meaning 'only' or 'simply' to emphasize a fact or something that you are saying. Example: It is not merely a job, but a way of life

mere - adjective

used to emphasize how small or unimportant something or someone is. Example: He seemed so young, a mere boy

outrageous : adjective (outrageously adverb)

very shocking and unacceptable. Ex: outrageous prices

mud - noun

wet earth that has become soft and sticky Ex: By the end of the game, all the kids were covered in mud.

detection noun ( noun detection detective adjective detectable ≠ indetectible verb detect)

when something is found that is not easy to see, hear etc, or the process of looking for it. Example: Early detection of cancers is vitally important.