Ihum Topics 13-

After a tumultuous occupation of nearly a century, the British left India in 1947, resulting in ____________.

"Partition"

The word _____________ is another word often used to describe the people associated with this religious tradition. (Baul)

"Vatul" or crazies

The origin of the word "Baul" comes from the Sanskrit word "Batul," meaning

"mad for God"

The folk traditions of India also display a dynamic relationship between music, visual arts, drama, dance, and poetry - an example of what we call

"multimodality"

Which of the following statements best describes the British Raj?

A time when the British ruled the South Asian subcontinent

Which of the following is a country in South Asia?

Afghanistan

Which of the following themes is commonly reflected in Tagore's literary works? Time travel The importance of heritage Chance All of these themes are commonly reflected

All of these themes are commonly reflected

Which of the following statements about the Bauls is true? Their name comes from a Sanskrit word Their name means "mad for God" They are sometimes described as "Vatul" or crazies All the statements are true

All the statements are true

According to Wilson, which of the following statements about the British Raj is true? Britons have engaged in a kind of self-justifying rationalization about imperial rule for centuries. After World War I, the British faced a fiscal crisis. Indian nationalists renewed their opposition of British rule following World War I. All the statements are true.

All the statements are true.

Which of the following statements describes Tagore's role as a modern Indian? He was an inheritor and inventor of Eastern values He could partake of the secular ethos of literature while also viewing it from the outside He was a colonial subject and a progeny of the Enlightenment All the statements describe his role as a modern Indian

All the statements describe his role as a modern Indian

Which of the following best describes the East India Company?

An English company that initiated trade with Mughal India

In Lean's adaptation of A Passage to India

Azziz is charmed by the elderly Mrs. Moore

Which of the following statements about the music of the Bauls is true?

Bauls mix male and female performers within the context of a performance

Bhatiyali

Boat songs popular in eastern Bengal/Bangladesh, where there is a network of rivers and streams connected to the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers

Taking advantage of the waning Mughal empire, the _________ formally occupied the subcontinent in 1857, when the East India Company was transferred to British rule.

British

The _________________ was an English company that initiated trade with Mughal India in the 18th century—the first official British presence on the subcontinent.

East India Company

There is one major cultural tradition that traverses the boundaries of South Asian countries. T/F

False

Considering the examples we heard in Topic 15, which of the following instruments may be used to accompany bhatiyali?

Flute, Sarangi, and Tabla

Bauls believe that ________________________, so one does not need temples, mosques or churches, which can actually hinder one's search for truth.

God is hidden in the heart of man

Which of the following statements about British rule in South Asia is true?

Grand statements of principle came when the careers of British rulers were under greatest threat

Which of the following statements about Tagore's cultural contributions is false? He founded Shantiniketan He was a prolific writer He promoted literature in the vernacular He was against Gandhi and Nehru

He was against Gandhi and Nehru

Which of the following statements about Tagore's nationalist activities is true?

His activities were respected by both Nehru and Gandhi

Partition took place

In 1947, following the end of the British Raj

Tagore also founded an unusual university called Shantiniketan in which

Indian folk music, dance, drama, and literature constituted part of the curriculum.

After a tumultuous occupation of nearly a century, the British left India in 1947, resulting in "Partition"—the painful birth of the

Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Hindu Republic of India.

Which of the following statements about Midnight's Children is false?

It chronicles the story of a Hindu family before, during, and after Partition

Which of the following statements about Gitanjali is false?

It is a collection of protest songs against the British Raj

Which of the following statements about the Sahaja sect of Buddhism is false? The Sahaja sect is still practiced among a small percentage of the population It is a remnant of Buddhism that integrated with Sufism in the 8th century Hinduism integrated with a remnant of Buddhism during the 8th through 12th centuries, creating this sect It is an example of cultural syncretism in South Asia

It is a remnant of Buddhism that integrated with Sufism in the 8th century

Which of the following statements about sari-gan is false? Drums, harmoniums, and other instruments may be used as accompaniment The melodies are usually short and hummable It is identical to bhatiyali The singing is primarily syllabic, with occasional melismatic flourishes

It is identical to bhatiyali

Which of the following statements about bhatiyali is false? It is a boat song popular in Bengal and Bangladesh Occasional melismatic flourishes grace the otherwise syllabic singing style It may be performed by classically trained singers It is the same as sari-gan

It is the same as sari-gan

_____________ is another popular form of Rajasthani storytelling that is based on the exploits of the 17th century Rajput prince named Amar Singh Rathor, using elaborately dressed wooden puppets

Kathputli

The Bauls play an unusual instrument called a _________, an instrument with 1 or 2 strings attached to the head of a small chamber.

Khamak

Which of the following statements about Lean's film is true?

Lean re-wrote the screenplay

According to Amit Chaudhuri, which of the following statements about Tagore's views on literature is false?

Literature pales in importance to the oral tradition

Which of the following statements about the characters in Lean's film is true?

Miss Quested was engaged to Mrs. Moore's son

Which of the following accomplishments did Tagore consider his greatest gift?

Music

Despite the fact that Bengal is part of the Hindu Republic of India and Bangladesh is a separate Islamic country, the relationship between ______________________________ runs deeper than in many other places in India because of their shared language, history, and culture.

Muslims in Bangladesh and Hindus in Bengal

According to the readings in topic 14,

Nehru, along with Gandhi, recognized Tagore's outstanding personal greatness

According to the Bauls,

People do not need to worship in temples or mosques

In 1971 East Pakistan became the

People's Republic of Bangladesh.

One of the key figures who promoted South Asian arts and folklore as a political tool was ___________________ , who became the most famous South Asian writer of the British colonial era

Rabindranath Tagore

Khamak

String drum

Which of the following groups of art forms is represented hierarchically by a pyramid?

The Great Tradition, Qawwali, and The Little Traditions

A remnant of Buddhism integrated with Hinduism during the 8th through the 12th centuries, resulting in _________________________, a sect that is still practiced among a small percentage of the population.

The Sahaja sect of Buddhism

Mural:

The couple travels from village to village in the western state of Rajasthan, spreading out a large cloth (up to 20 feet in length) on which tales of gods and heroes are painted

Which of the following statements about the study of British literature is false? Bengalis had the benefit of accessing English and European texts a century before one could earn a degree in English literature The first English degrees were offered at the University of Oxford English literature was a university discipline first invented for the colonies In the 1880s you could earn a degree in English literature at the University of Calcutta

The first English degrees were offered at the University of Oxford

According to the material in topic 14, which of the following statements might explain Tagore's interest in time travel?

The notion of reincarnation in Hindu theology

According to Amit Chaudhuri, the study of English literature in India cannot be seen simply as an instrument of imperialist pedagogy from the 1820s onward.

True

Because of the British emphasis on the English language and on British literature, Tagore, as an educated South Asian, became a beneficiary of a bi-literary culture. T/F

True

The current Islamic Republic of Pakistan used to be West and East Pakistan, which included the country now known as Bangladesh. T/F

True

The relationship between Hindus and Muslims in Bengal and Bangladesh is a defining characteristic of the people from these regions. T/F

True

As a Hindu sect that teaches the union of God and man through devotion and love (bhakti), ______________ became associated with Krishna while adopting some of the mystical practices of Islamic Sufism.

Vaishnavism

Pabuji

a 14th century Rajput chieftain who is now regarded as a deity—or at least a folk hero— by many villagers

Partition resulted in

a political and humanitarian disaster

The area of Bengal in the northeastern part of the Hindu Republic of India and Bangladesh enjoy

abundant rainfall

People from Bengal and Bangladesh speak the same language engage in cultural syncretism, mirroring the agricultural fertility of the area experience an intermingling of Hindu and Muslim elements in the performing arts all of the statements apply to people from Bengal and Bangladesh

all of the statements apply to people from Bengal and Bangladesh

The Little Traditions played a role in uniting South Asians against the British benefited from Tagore's patronage and leadership legitimized nationalistic feelings all statements are true

all statements are true

Because of the role of the Rajputs in defending the vulnerable northwestern part of the subcontinent, Rajasthani folklore has

always been especially important in South Asia

Shantiniketan ("The Abode of Peace") was

an institute for the arts established by Rabindranath Tagore in 1901 at Bolpur, not far from Calcutta

E. M. Forster

attempted to portray a fair and balanced view of the troubled relationship between Indians and British

In addition to manipulating the puppets, the sutradhar in kathputli also wears a string of bells on his hands and plays the _______ (a small reed instrument) in his mouth; the _______'s shrill sounds represent the utterances of supernatural characters.

boli

Performers: Stories are performed

by a bhopa and his wife, the bhopi.

The British justified their presence on the Indian subcontinent by

claiming that Indian subjects would learn English, which would allow them to learn how to think rationally and behave according to British values

Little Traditions functioned as a _____________ to the oppressive leadership associated with the British Raj

corrective

More than simple folk song lyrics, the lyrics of Bengali boat songs provide contemplative metaphors about

deliverance and journeys as mankind rows on wide rivers and deep seas

In addition to the sutradhar, the drum player, who may be his wife, plays the _____________ while singing, provides commentary, and interprets the speech rendered by the boli.

dholak

Partition

divided the subcontinent into two domains--India and Pakistan (East and West)

Lata Mangeshkar

famous filmi singer from india

Folk music and poetry became important in

galvanizing Indians to challenge the British occupation

In making his adaptation of A Passage to India, Lean

had a contract stipulating that Santha Rama Rau write the screenplay

Shantiniketan

had a curriculum that included the study of indigenous art forms

The khamak is an instrument that:

has 2 or 3 strings attached to the head of a small chamber

Vaishnavism

is associated with Krishna and mystical Sufi traditions

In the Sanskrit language, "Sahitya" refers to

literature

bhakti

love and devotion to a deity or guru

Many would argue that his greatest contributions were his songs, and Tagore himself also felt that "his greatest gift was for _________, and it was this that he should try to communicate to the outside world"

music

Teaching and _______________ is one of the oldest forms of religious enculturation and folk entertainment in South Asia

narrating with pictures

According to Radice, Tagore

often felt himself above others

The bhopa and bhopi, as members of a _____________, own their repertory and maintain restrictions and rights.

professional caste (jati)

The bhopa recites declamatory verse, plays the fiddle, and sings. The fiddle he plays is called the ____________, which is used during the narration

ravanhattha

Vernacular literature

refers to literature that is based on spoken language

After many decades of anti-British resistance, Britain

relinquished control of India in 1947

Despite a brief period of international recognition after winning the Nobel prize, Tagore

remained underappreciated in the West.

The bhopi is completely covered, carries the lamp that provides illumination during night-time performances, and also _________________.

sings along with her husband

The _____________ is the name of the main puppeteer as well as a title used in classical Sanskrit drama that means "the one who holds the thread."

sutradhar

The real reason British rulers preferred having Indians speak English was because

the British would not have to learn any Indian languages

Although Bauls outwardly reject organized religion, their music and poetry nonetheless reflect influences from

the Sahaja sect of Buddhism, Vaishnavism, and the mystic beliefs of Sufism

Inspired by the folk music from Bengal, Tagore was deeply influenced by

the bhatiyali

The final act of the British rulers was to partition the subcontinent, which resulted in

the displacement of millions of people, an enormous refugee crisis, widespread violence, and left hundreds of thousands of people dead.

Vaishnavism means devotion to

the god Vishnu. This is a blending of Sufism and Hinduism that dates back to when the mystical practices of Sufism were introduced in the 13th century.

Tagore urged authors all over India to write in

their vernacular or spoken (as opposed to classical) languages

The musical forms of South Asia might be hierarchically organized in a kind of pyramidal shape, with the Great Tradition on the top and the

thousands of Little Traditions making up the base of the pyramid

The hostility that arose from Partition has continued to

trouble the relationship between India and Pakistan up to the present day.

the Bauls have a

unique approach to life

Benefiting from Tagore's leadership, performers of Little Traditions played an important role in

uniting South Asians against the British, legitimizing nationalistic feelings and providing a voice of resistance for people of low social standing.

Bangladesh

used to be part of Pakistan before 1971

Tagore

was influenced by European romanticism

According to Wilson, the British empire

was never a project or system, but was, instead, anxious and chaotic