II Lecture Chapter 18 Short Answer: Upper Face Surgery pp 400

Why do you need a corneal protector with this procedure?

During manipulation of the fractures components, the eye will need to be retracted; a corneal protector can protect against corneal damage.

What lies immediately below the orbital floor?

Xygoma A thin extension of the maxillary and xygomatic bones

What type of midfacial fracture is the most common? What is the alternate name? Describe this type of fracture.

A Le Fort I fracture is the most common type of midfacial fracture. The alveolar process of the maxilla is horizontally separated from the base of the skull.

Define orthognathic surgery. What are the two main causes?

A single or double jaw surgery that is performed to reposition the jaws. Malocclusion may be classified into two major groups: skeletal and dental.

What signs and symptoms may be seen with an orbital fracture? What is used to repair the floor?

Characteristics of orbital fractures include diplopia, enophthalmos, periorbital fat, and muscles pinched in the fracture line or herniated into the maxillary antrum; swelling or bruising Implant material of surgeon's preference (Teflon or Silastic sheeting that has been washed and sterilized according to manufacturer's instructions)

List three methods for diagnosing a zygomatic fracture.

Computed Tomography (CT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Plain films (Walters or Caldwell) Panoramic X-ray

Describe the difference between a Le Fort II and Le Fort III fracture.

Le Fort II fracture, also called pyramidal maxillary fracture, may be triangular or pyramidal in shape. The vertical fracture line extends upward to the nasal and ethmoid bones. Le Fort II fractures can be unilateral or bilateral in nature. Le Fort III fracture, also called cranial disjunction fractures, are located high in the midface. The fracture line extends transversely from the zygomatic arches, through the orbitis, and to the base of the nose. These fractures can exist unilaterally, bilaterally, alone, or in conjunction with other facial fractures.

When passing the drill, what safety precaution is taken? What does the surgical technologist commonly do when the surgeon is drilling bone and why?

Make sure the drill is always in "safe" position when not in operation. The surgical technologist is expected to keep the drill and tissues cool by irrigating the area being drilled with saline. Care should be taken that all saline and bone fragments from drilling are suctioned out of the sterile field by the surgical technologist.

What instruments are unique to the Le Fort II and III repairs?

Rowe forceps Brown needle sterile polyethylene button and foam padding mini compression plates screws bone plates

When repairing a Le Fort fracture, what type of incision is made?

They are repaired intraorally by making an incision into the anterior gingivobuccal area.