IMMUNE DECK 2 DEEPSEEK

"What should be investigated when progressive myoclonic epilepsy is observed?"

"A metabolic cause"

"What can electrolyte derangements like hyponatremia and hypocalcemia cause on EEG?"

"Diffuse EEG background slowing"

"What is a common finding in hepatic encephalopathy on EEG?"

"Diffuse theta slowing and generalized periodic complexes with triphasic morphology"

"Which metabolic disorders in adults may present with seizures or SE?"

"Disorders in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and lysosomal storage"

"What does unexplained SE unresponsive to classic AEDs warrant?"

"Evaluation for a metabolic etiology"

"What is characteristic of NCSE in POLG-related disorders?"

"It is often refractory to multiple AEDs"

"What characteristic EEG feature is seen in about 65% of HSV encephalitis cases?"

"Lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs)"

"What type of disease may present with status epilepticus (SE) in children?"

"Mitochondrial diseases like POLG-related disease"

"What genetic mutation causes pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy?"

"Mutation in the antiquitin gene disrupting the pyridoxine pathway"

"Are there pathognomonic EEG features for most metabolic diseases presenting with refractory seizures and SE?"

"No, there are no pathognomonic EEG features"

"Are electrolyte derangements often associated with seizures and NCSE?"

"No, they are rarely associated with seizures and NCSE"

"What is the course of diseases like SSPE and CJD?"

"Often fatal with little effective treatment available"

"What EEG finding is often present in SSPE?"

"Periodic complexes with bilaterally symmetric high-voltage bursts every 3-10 seconds associated with myoclonic jerks"

"What is a common EEG pattern in mid to late stages of sporadic CJD?"

"Periodic wave complexes at 0.5-2 Hz"

"What is included in the workup for suspected metabolic seizures?"

"Plasma amino acids, urine organic acids, ammonia, lactate, plasma acylcarnitine, CSF amino acids, and specific genetic testing"

"What effect has antiviral treatment had on HSV encephalitis mortality?"

"Reduced mortality, though morbidity with memory impairment and epilepsy remains"

"What raises concern for a metabolic cause of seizures?"

"Seizure onset associated with neurological impairments or cognitive decline"

"What are examples of metabolic disorders that present with refractory seizures?"

"Serine synthesis deficiencies and biotinidase deficiencies"

"How can pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy in NCSE be managed?"

"With vitamin B6 administration, which can stop SE within minutes to hours"

"How might metabolic encephalopathies present in neonates

infants, and children?","Refractory seizures or status epilepticus (SE)"