Immunity

A client who is HIV positive is taking zidovudine. Which adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor for in this client? A) Anemia and granulocytopenia B) Numbness in the extremities C) Alterations in the renal function D) Pancreatitis

A) Anemia and granulocytopenia

The nursing instructor is discussing allergic reactions with her clinical group. What allergic reactions would the nursing instructor talk about? Select all that apply. A) Atypical B) Unmediated C) Cytotoxic D) Atopic E) Immune complex

C) Cytotoxic D) Atopic E) Immune complex

A woman infected with HIV comes into the clinic. What symptoms may be the focus of a medical complaint in women infected with HIV? A) Rashes on the face, trunk, palms, and soles B) Muscle and joint pain C) Gynecologic problems D) Weight loss

C) Gynecologic problems

A client is given a dose of ketorolac (Toradol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for complaints of abdominal pain. Ten minutes after receiving the medication, the client's eyes, lips, and face begin to swell, and the nurse hears stridor. What priority measure should the nurse prepare to do? A) Intubate the client. B) Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG). C) Assess the client's vital signs. D) Administer epinephrine.

D) Administer epinephrine.

A client with lupus has had antineoplastic drugs prescribed. Why would the physician prescribe antineoplastic drugs for an autoimmune disorder? A) To decrease the body's risk of infection B) Because an autoimmune disease is a neoplastic disease C) So the client has strong drug therapy D) For their immunosuppressant effects

D) For their immunosuppressant effects

A client is scheduled to have a prick test to determine what specific allergens are creating problems for the client. What should the nurse inform the client is involved with the testing? A) A concentrated form of the substance is applied to the skin and covered with an occlusive dressing for 48 hours and then examined. B) A dilute solution of an antigen is injected intradermal and observed for a wheal. C) The skin will be scratched, and applying a small amount of the liquid test antigen to the scratch, usually on the back. D) The client will taste several different possible antigens and observe for wheals.

. C) The skin will be scratched, and applying a small amount of the liquid test antigen to the scratch, usually on the back.

A client presents at the clinic with an allergic disorder. The client asks the nurse what an "allergic disorder" means. What would be the nurse's best response? A) "It means you are very sensitive to something inside of yourself." B) "It is a hyperimmune response to something in the environment that is usually harmless." C) "It is a muted response to something in the environment." D) "It is a harmless reaction to something in the environment."

." B) "It is a hyperimmune response to something in the environment that is usually harmless."

A client is taking the immunosuppressant medication, azathioprine (Imuran), for the treatment of Crohn's disease. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the side effects of this medication? A) "I will notify the doctor if I have a fever or any other signs of infection." B) "I will drink at least 3 L of fluid per day." C) "I will notify the doctor if I am not having a bowel movement daily." D) "I will stop taking my medication if I notice any side effects and then notify the doctor."

A) "I will notify the doctor if I have a fever or any other signs of infection."

A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise? A) Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine. B) Encourage large, high-fat meals. C) Reduce food intake. D) Increase the intake of iron and zinc.

A) Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives. What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring? A) Delayed hypersensitivity response B) Anaphylactic reaction C) Sensitization D) An immediate hypersensitivity response

A) Delayed hypersensitivity response

You are caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune disorders? A) Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology B) Absence of a triggering event C) Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause D) Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months

A) Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology

A client comes to the clinic and states he has "broken out in hives and itching since eating strawberries this morning." The client states he has never had problems with strawberries before. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "It is probably not the strawberries that you are having an allergy to if you have eaten them before." B) "It is possible to develop an allergic reaction to something you have had prior exposure to previously." C) "Are you sure that you haven't had an allergic reaction before; this doesn't seem possible." D) "We will probably be admitting you to the hospital; this could cause respiratory arrest."

B) "It is possible to develop an allergic reaction to something you have had prior exposure to previously."

A client informs the nurse that he is very allergic to poison ivy but loves to go camping and has several camping trips planned for the summer months. What suggestions can be made to protect against poison ivy? A) Calamine lotion prior to the exposure of the poison ivy and any time skin gets wet B) Bentoquatam 5% (Ivy Block) applied 15 minutes prior to exposure and every 4 hours C) Vinegar and water applied to the skin every 2 hours D) Take diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 50 mg prior to the camping trip.

B) Bentoquatam 5% (Ivy Block) applied 15 minutes prior to exposure and every 4 hours

The clinic nurse is caring for a client with an allergic disorder who has received the first sensitizing dose of a new drug. What nursing action is most important at this point? A) Assess the client for reduced urine output. B) Monitor the client for reactions. C) Assess the client for reduced appetite. D) Monitor the client for increased heart rate.

B) Monitor the client for reactions..

A client with rheumatoid arthritis informs the nurse that since he has been in remission and not having any symptoms, he doesn't need to take his medication any longer. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "If you don't take your medication, you will become very ill." B) "Be sure to let the physician know after you stop your medications." C) "It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation." D) "As long as you are not having symptoms, you can take a medication vacation."

C) "It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation."

The nurse is talking with a client who was stung by a bee and began having difficulty breathing. What serious complication from injected venom should the nurse discuss with the client? A) Hives B) Itching C) Airway obstruction D) Diarrhea

C) Airway obstruction

Your client is about to have a skin test for an allergic disorder. What critical instruction should the nurse give this client? A) Avoid red meat for 48 to 72 hours before the test. B) Avoid strenuous physical activity for 24 hours before the test. C) Avoid antihistamines and cold preparations for 48 to 72 hours before the test. D) Avoid sunlight for 48 to 72 hours before the test.

C) Avoid antihistamines and cold preparations for 48 to 72 hours before the test.

A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection? A) Limit interactions with people who are not HIV infected. B) Limit interactions with people who are already HIV infected. C) Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS. D) Quit his job and admit himself to a hospital or a cancer treatment center.

C) Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.

A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has orders for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client? A) Avoid any physical contact with the client. B) Avoid cleaning up spilled urine and feces. C) Wear barrier garments for as long as possible after leaving a client's room. D) Transport the specimens of body fluids in leak-proof containers.

D) Transport the specimens of body fluids in leak-proof containers.

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client? A) A disorder where the body has too many immunoglobulins. B) A disorder where histocompatible cells attack the immunoglobulins. C) A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self." D) A disorder where the body does not have enough immunoglobulins.

. C) A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self."

A public health nurse is giving an informational presentation on HIV/AIDS at a nearby college. How would the nurse best define AIDS? A) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. B) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a fatal infection that profoundly weakens the immune system. C) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a sexually transmitted disease. D) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infectious disease transmitted in blood and body fluids.

A public health nurse is giving an informational presentation on HIV/AIDS at a nearby college. How would the nurse best define AIDS? A) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. B) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a fatal infection that profoundly weakens the immune system. C) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a sexually transmitted disease. D) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infectious disease transmitted in blood and body fluids.

A client with an allergic disorder is in treatment for his disorder. What might the treatment be? A) Autoimmune therapy B) Hypersensitive therapy C) Desensitization therapy D) Drug therapy for symptoms

D) Drug therapy for symptoms

A client is taking oral corticosteroids after having an exacerbation of asthma. What should the nurse be sure to include when instructing the client how to take the medication? A) The medication will cause weight loss. B) The medication will cause drowsiness so do not drive. C) Take the medication on an empty stomach to increase absorption. D) Take the medication in the morning with food.

D) Take the medication in the morning with food.

A client with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse what he can do to help ease the symptoms of his disease. What would be the best response by the nurse? A) "The doctor could prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs." B) "The doctor could prescribe antipyretic drugs." C) "The doctor could prescribe antineoplastic drugs." D) "The doctor could prescribe antihypertensive drugs."

A) "The doctor could prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs."

The nurse is interviewing a client being admitted to the hospital and inquires about any allergies the client has. The client states he is allergic to aspirin and penicillin. What intervention should the nurse provide immediately to prevent complications related to allergies? A) Apply an allergy bracelet and flag the chart. B) Tape an Epipen to the head of the bed. C) Inform the client not to take any medications with those substances in them. D) Call the physician.

A) Apply an allergy bracelet and flag the chart.

You are caring for a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. What is a realistic nursing intervention when taking care of a client with this diagnosis? A) Educate the client about the disease process. B) Advise the client to avoid moderate exertion. C) Instruct the client to reduce the intake of potassium-rich foods. D) Advise the client to avoid being in crowds.

A) Educate the client about the disease process.

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he feels as though he has allergies. What laboratory test results will be a positive indicator for an allergic disorder? A) Radioallergosorbent blood test (RAST) of 3 B) WBC of 7000/mm3 C) Neutrophils 60% D) Eosinophils 6%

A) Radioallergosorbent blood test

A client comes to the clinic to see the physician with the complaint of "I think I ate something that I am allergic to." What symptoms would be appropriate for the nurse to ask the questions about? A) Nasal congestion and coughing B) Hives and itching C) Sneezing and runny nose D) Diarrhea and abdominal cramping

D) Diarrhea and abdominal cramping

A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by his family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms? A) Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) B) Candidiasis C) AIDS dementia complex (ADC) D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

C) AIDS dementia complex (ADC)