Immunity HESI Exit Practice

Which organ-specific autoimmune disorder is associated with a client's kidney? 1 Graves' disease 2 Addison's disease 3 Goodpasture syndrome 4 Guillain-Barré syndrome

3 Goodpasture syndrome Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder associated with the client's kidney. Graves' disease and Addison's disease are autoimmune disorders associated with the endocrine system. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder associated with the central nervous system. Goodpasture destroys glomerular basement membrane -> glomerulonephritis Addison's disease problem of adrenal gland; decreased aldosterone (aldosterone retains sodium causing water to follow) and cortisol Graves disease = hyperthyroidism

Which cytokine stimulates the liver to produce fibrinogen and protein C? 1 Interleukin-1 2 Interleukin-6 3 Thrombopoietin 4 Tumor necrosis factor

2 Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 stimulates the liver to produce fibrinogen and protein C. Interleukin-1 stimulates the production of prostaglandins. Thrombopoietin increases the growth and differentiation of platelets. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates delayed hypersensitivity reactions and allergies.

Which cytokine medication is administered to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia? 1 Filgrastim 2 Oprelvekin 3 Aldesleukin 4 Darbepoetin alfa

1 Filgrastim Colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim are administered to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Oprelvekin is used to prevent thrombocytopenia. Aldesleukin is used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Darbepoetin alfa is administered to treat anemia related to chronic cancer and anemia related to chronic kidney disease.

Which are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Select all that apply. 1 Poison ivy allergic reaction 2 Sarcoidosis 3 Myasthenia gravis 4 Rheumatoid arthritis 5 Systemic lupus erythematosus

1 Poison ivy allergic reaction 2 Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis and poison ivy reactions are examples of type IV hypersensitivity reactions. In type IV hypersensitivity, the inflammation is caused by a reaction of sensitized T cells with the antigen and the resultant activation of macrophages due to lymphokine release. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are examples of type III immune complex-mediated reactions.

Which vaccine is administered orally in children? 1 MMR vaccine 2 Rotavirus vaccine 3 Live influenza vaccine 4 Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4)

2 Rotavirus vaccine Rotavirus vaccines are generally administered orally because these live viruses should replicate in the gut of the infant. MMR vaccines are generally administered subcutaneously in the upper region of the arm. Live influenza vaccines are administered nasally. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCV4) are administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region.

Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? 1 IgE 2 IgA 3 IgG 4 IgM

3 IgG IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta. IgE is found in the plasma and interstitial fluids. IgA lines the mucous membranes and protects body surfaces. IgM is found in plasma; this immunoglobulin activates due to the invasion of ABO blood antigens.

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction will occur when the client's T cytotoxic cells are involved as the mediators of injury? 1 Type I 2 Type II 3 Type III 4 Type IV

4 Type IV Type IV hypersensitivity reaction will occur when the T cytotoxic cells are involved as the mediators of injury. Type I IgE-mediated reaction will occur when histamine is involved as the mediators of injury. Type II cytotoxic reaction will occur when complement lysis is the mediator of injury. Type III immune complex reaction will occur when neutrophils are involved as the mediators of injury.

Which vaccine may cause intussusception in children? 1 Rotavirus 2 Hepatitis 3 Measles, mumps, and rubella 4 Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

1 Rotavirus Rotavirus vaccines very rarely cause intussusception, a form of bowel obstruction in which the bowel telescopes in on itself. Hepatitis vaccines can cause anaphylactic reactions. The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine may cause thrombocytopenia. The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine carries a small risk of causing acute encephalopathy, convulsions, and a shock-like state.

Which is the first medication approved to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in unaffected individuals? 1 Truvada 2 Abacavir 3 Cromolyn 4 Methdilazine

1 Truvada Truvada is the first medication approved to reduce the risk of HIV infection in unaffected individuals who are at a high risk of HIV infection. Abacavir is administered to treat HIV infection and is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Cromolyn is administered in the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Methdilazine, an antihistamine, is administered to treat the skin and provide relief from itching.

Which cytokine increases growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells? 1 Interleukin-2 2 Thrombopoietin 3 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 4 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

4 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a cytokine that increases growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells. Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that increases growth and differentiation of T-lymphocytes. Thrombopoietin is a cytokine that increases growth and differentiation of platelets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a cytokine that increases numbers and maturity of neutrophils.