Immunology Prep U

A The nurse is caring for a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse prepares for the maximum intensity of histamine response to occur within which time frame?A. 5 to 10 minutesB. 15 to 20 minutesC. 30 to 35 minutesD. 40 to 45 minutes

A

Which of the following interventions is the single most important aspect for the patient at risk for anaphylaxis?Use of antihistamines Wearing of medical alert bracelet PreventionDesensitization

Prevention

What is the priority intervention for a patient who has been admitted repeatedly with attacks of gout?

Correct response:Assess dietary diet and activity at homeExplanation:

Which of the following are usually the first choice in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

A patient is hospitalized with a severe case of gout. The patient has gross swelling of the large toe and rates pain a 10 out of 10. With a diagnosis of gout, what should the laboratory results reveal?

HyperuricemiaGout is caused by hyperuricemia (increased serum uric acid).

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder? a. AIDS b. CVID c. DAF d. SCID

a. AIDS

Which is usually the most important consideration in the decision to initiate antiretroviral therapy? a. HIV RNA b. Western blotting assay c. ELISA d. CD4+ counts

d. CD4+ counts

A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in? a. Secondary infection b. Tertiary infection c. Latent infection d. Primary infection

d. Primary infection

A diet plan is developed for a client with gouty arthritis. What should the nurse advise the client to limit the intake of?

organ meatsGouty arthritis is a disorder of purine metabolism. High-purine foods include organ meats, anchovies, sardines, shellfish, chocolate, and meat extracts. Citrus fruits, green vegetables, and fresh fish are appropriate foods for a client with gouty arthritis.

The nurse is teaching a client about histamine release during an anaphylactic reaction. What does histamine release in anaphylaxis cause?A. nasal congestionB. feeling of impending doomC. urinary urgencyD. stomach cramps

A

epinephrine is administered for anaphylactic reactions. Which of the following does the nurse know is a possible side effect of this drug?A. bradypneaB. tachycardiaC. bradycardiaD. flushed skin

B

A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis? "My legs feel weak." "My finger joints are oddly shaped." "I have pain in my hands." "I have trouble with my balance."

"My finger joints are oddly shaped."

A client with rheumatoid arthritis has experienced increasing pain and progressing inflammation of the hands and feet. What would be the expected goal of the likely prescribed treatment regimen?A.Minimizing damage B. Eradicating pain C.Eliminating deformities D.Promoting sleep

A.Minimizing damage

Which diagnostic study is decreased in patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis? ESR Red blood cell count Uric acid Creatinine

Red blood cell count Explanation:There is a decreased red blood cell count in patients diagnosed with rheumatic diseases. EDR increases inflammatory connective tissue disease. Uric acid is increased in gout. Increased creatinine may indicate renal damage in SLE, scleroderma, and polyarteritis.

(Select All that apply): the nurse is teaching a client how to self-administer epinephrine using an EpiPen autoinjector. What information should be included in the teaching?A. grasp the EpiPen auto injector pointing upwardB. jab the EpiPen firmly into the outer thighC. the needle should be at a 30 degree angleD. the buttocks can be used as an injection siteE. after administering the injection, massage the area for 10 secondsF. hold the EpiPen against the thigh for 10 seconds

B, E, F

The nurse is discussing the new medication that a client will be taking for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Which disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) will the nurse educate the client about?

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)Methotrexate is a DMARD that reduces the amount of joint damage and slows the damage to other tissues as well. Etanercept and Infliximab are TNF-alpha inhibitors that reduce pain and inflammation. Methylprednisolone is a steroid to reduce pain and inflammation and slow joint destruction.

A nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

"Monitor your body temperature. "The nurse should instruct the client to monitor body temperature. Fever can signal an exacerbation and should be reported to the physician. Sunlight and other sources of ultraviolet light may precipitate severe skin reactions and exacerbate the disease. Fatigue can cause a flare-up of SLE. Clients should be encouraged to pace activities and plan rest periods. Corticosteroids must be gradually tapered because they can suppress the function of the adrenal gland. Abruptly stopping corticosteroids can cause adrenal insufficiency, a potentially life-threatening situation.

(Select All that apply): a nurse is teaching a client how to use their EpiPen auto injector. What client statements indicates no further teaching is required? A. the EpiPen injector needs to be pointed downward B. I will jab the EpiPen injector firmly into my right upper buttock C. the needle needs to be at a 90-degree angle D. after I administer the injection, I will massage the area for 10 secondsE. the EpiPen injector should be held against the injection site for 20 seconds

A, C, D

A patient is in the primary infection stage of HIV. What is true of this patients current health status? A. The patients HIV antibodies are successfully, but temporarily, killing the virus. B. The patient is infected with HIV but lacks HIV-specific antibodies. C. The patients risk for opportunistic infections is at its peak. D. The patient may or may not develop long-standing HIV infection.

B. The patient is infected with HIV but lacks HIV-specific antibodies. The period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV-specific antibodies is known as primary infection. The virus is not being eradicated and infection is certain. Opportunistic infections emerge much later in the course of the disease.

Which of the following are usually the first choice in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) B .Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) C. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers D. Glucocorticoids

(NSAIDs)