Industrial Revolution

What is Laissez-faire and how did it affect society in the 1800's? (10)

16. Laissez-Faire is an economic theory or political policy in which the forces of supply and demand are allowed to rule the market without any interference from government.

How did agricultural machinery change farm labor? (5)

Agricultural machinery changed farming by needing less farm workers, many went to cities to find work (rural to urban migration), increased population in cities created demand for more food, crop yield increased. Agriculture became a science with crop rotation, use of fertilizers, stock breeding to develop healthiest animals.

What did unions accomplish in the late 19th Century? (5)

In the late 19th Century unions won shorter working hours per day better pay and better working conditions.

Describe the inventions or methods of at least three agricultural innovators. (5)

Jethro Tull invented the seed drill, plants seeds in straight rows for more efficient use of land. Lord Townsend invented crop rotation, ending the three field system. Justus Von Liebig invented fertilizers to chemically improve soil for higher crop yields.

How do patents work and why do we need them? (5)

Patents are government provided protection of an invention to the inventor in exchange for sharing the invention with society. It lasts for a period of 17 years, it is needed to reward inventors and benefit society with advancements.

Describe at least five developments of the Industrial Revolution. (5)

Railroads, Steam powered ships, Telegraph, Wireless, Textile mills using water power, The Cotton Gin, The Water Frame, The electric light bulb, Telephone, The airplane, Sewing machine

What was the Industrial Revolution? (5)

The Industrial Revolution was a movement away from the Domestic System of producing to a system of factories and machines replacing hand tools with large scale manufacturing, replacing farming as the main form of work.

How did the Transcontinental Railroad change America? (5)

The Transcontinental Railroad changed America in four important ways; 1) Linked the economies of the east and west, 2) helped people settle the west, 3) weakened the Native Americans hold on the west, 4) Gave people more control of the environment.

Explain the Business Cycle. (5)

The business cycle consists of periods of expansion known as booms, and contractions known as busts in which business increases or expands and then decreases or busts.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Explain the six factors that caused it to happen there first. (10)

The industrial revolution began in Great Britain because it had; a) the capital, the commercial revolution made businessmen very wealthy; b) the workforce, the Enclosure Acts forced many people of farms into cities seeking jobs in factories; c & d) the colonies as markets and sources of raw materials, Britain had more colonies than anyone and they were the most diverse and it was rich in coal and iron ore; e) the largest merchant fleet in the world, f) Britain was an island and always had to import/export so was equipped to do so.

Citing an example, explain why one invention leads to another. (5)

The invention of the Spinning Jenny created a need to speed up weaving cloth fostering the invention of the power loom which increased demand for raw cotton which fostered the invention of the cotton gin which created a demand for stronger iron to make bigger stronger machines, improvements in smelting metal led to the invention of steel.

Explain how developments in the textile industry sparked the Industrial Revolution. (5)

The textile industry was the first to be mechanized; a series of inventions of machines to make textiles faser all used human power first, then water power, then steam with coal, fostered many inventions by demand including, the spinning Jenny, power loom, cotton gin, and the sewing machine. Each caused technology to advance in other areas as well.

Describe at least three developments in the area of transportation. (5)

Three advancements in the area of transportation are, the Locomotive for train travel which was steam powered which fostered steam powered ships replacing wind sales, and then, using the internal combustion engine, the Wright Brothers invention of the airplane.

Describe at least three developments in the area of communication. (5)

Three developments in the area of communication are, the Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse using his code, then the Telephone invented my Bell which transmitted voice conversation live in two way conversation then the wireless (aka Radio) invented by Marconi which transmitted sound through the air without wires.

Describe three features of agriculture before the Agricultural Revolution. (5)

Three features of Agriculture before the Agriculture revolution are use of hand tools, the three field system in which farmers left one third of their fields empty to restore the soil, open fields no fences, and no surplus, only grew enough food to feed the population (no way to preserve a surplus).