Infection Control Midterm
A vaccine is not available in the US for: Select one: a. human immunodeficiency virus disease. b. measles. c. chickenpox. d. tetanus.
A
According to the CDC critical instruments are those that: Select one: a. penetrate soft tissue, contacts, bone, enters into or contacts the bloodstream or other normally sterile tissue. b. contact the skin. c. contact mucous membranes but will not penetrate soft tissue, contact bone, enter into or contact the bloodstream or other normally sterile tissue. d. are very expensive and in short supply.
A
According to the bloodborne pathogens standard who must provide gloves, masks, eyeglasses and protective clothing to the dental assistant in the office? Select one: a. The employing dentist must supply this protective equipment. b. The dental assistant must supply her/his own protective equipment. c. A dental sales representative of a protective equipment manufacturer must provide the protective equipment to the office free of charge. d. OSHA must supply this protective equipment.
A
An example of a disease that emerged through international commerce and travel is: Select one: a. cholera from strain O139. b. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. c. Rift Valley fever. d. Lyme disease.
A
CDC's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard recommends the development of a written program to maintain occupational health for dental workers that include medical conditions and work restriction, immunizations, postexposure medical evaluations and: Select one: a. immunizations. b. record of patient appointment cancellations. c. emergency escape routes. d. results of patient surveys for treatment satisfaction.
A
How many shots are required for with the hepatitis B vaccine? Select one: a. Three b. One c. Four d. Two
A
Mr. Sams ate at Crabby's Corner Restaurant. After about 3 weeks, he started to run a fever, feel tired, nauseated, and he began to develop a yellow tint to his skin. Doctors traced his illness back to the restaurant at which he had eaten. Mr. Sams most likely had: Select one: a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis C c. Hepatitis B d. Hepatitis D
A
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis mainly occurs in children and is usually caused by: Select one: a. human herpesvirus 1. b. human herpesvirus 8. c. human herpesvirus 6. d. human herpesvirus 3.
A
Rheumatic heart disease occurs in a small percent of those previously infected with: Select one: a. Streptococcus pyogenes. b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. c. Staphylococcus aureus. d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
A
Spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus are used in biological indicators to monitor: Select one: a. steam and unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizers. b. dry heat, steam, and unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizers. c. dry heat and steam sterilizers. d. dry heat and unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizers
A
That period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are declining is called the: Select one: a. convalescent stage. b. incubation stage. c. prodormal stage. d. acute stage.
A
The reason for holding (presoaking) instruments prior to cleaning is to: Select one: a. facilitate cleaning. b. reduce water spotting. c. kill microbes. d. prevent rusting.
A
The vaccine against _____________ consists of an inactivated toxin. Select one: a. tetanus b. hepatitis B c. mumps d. measles
A
What involves patient to dental team cross-contamination? Select one: a. Not wearing protective eyewear. b. Not using biological indicators. c. Not cleaning and disinfecting operatory surfaces before the next appointment. d. Not sterilizing instruments before reuse.
A
What is the least safe procedure? Select one: a. Hand-scrubbing contaminated instruments. b. Changing into heavy utility gloves for operative clean-up. c. Using good quality dental unit water. d. Having the face mask covering the nose.
A
What is the least safe procedure? Select one: a. Hand-scrubbing contaminated instruments. b. Having the face mask covering the nose. c. Using good quality dental unit water. d. Changing into heavy utility gloves for operative clean-up.
A
What is the most common form of skin reaction to gloves? Select one: a. Irritant contact dermatitis b. Allergic contact dermatitis c. Latex allergy d. Anaphylaxis
A
What microbe causes denture stomatitis? Select one: a. Candida albicans b. Streptococcus mutans c. Herpes simplex virus d. Streptococcus pyogenes
A
What's the rationale for the precleaning step as part of instrument processing? Select one: a. To remove as much of the bioburden as possible to give the sterilization step the best chance to work. b. To help maintain sterility of the instruments after instrument processing. c. To help ensure the proper functioning of the instruments after instrument processing. d. To facilitate the cleaning process by keeping the debris on the instruments from drying.
A
When putting on your protective barriers, which barrier should be put on last just before patient care begins? Select one: a. Gloves b. Protective eyewear c. Protective clothing d. Mask
A
When were the hepatitis C infection rates the highest? Select one: a. 1970s to 1980s b. 1960s to 1970s c. 1950s to 1960s d. 1980s to 1990s
A
Which hand hygiene agent has the greatest antimicrobial activity? Select one: a. Alcohol b. Iodophors c. Quaternary ammonium compounds d. Triclosan
A
Which of the following can be done with a patient who is allergic to latex? Select one: a. No one who has worn latex gloves the day of the allergic patient's appointment should enter the treatment room. b. Schedule the patient as the last appointment of the day. c. The staff can handle items that will contact the patient with latex gloves, but cannot directly contact the patients while wearing latex gloves. d. It's OK to enter the treatment room while wearing latex gloves, but do not directly contact the patients while wearing latex gloves.
A
Which of the following diseases is not on the CDC's list of vaccine preventable diseases? Select one: a. Tuberculosis b. Measles c. Hepatitis B d. Influenza
A
Which of the following would not be correct procedure after an exposure incident? Select one: A. Squeeze the wound to express as much blood as possible B. Immediately wash the wound with soap and water C. Report to designated official and complete an incident report as required D. Follow the required predetermined, posted procedures of the clinic, institution, or other workplace
A
Which standard precaution or precautions may be used to inactivate an infectious agent and break the chain of disease transmission? Select one: A. Handwashing and disinfection B. Handwashing C. The use of barriers D. Disinfection
A
Which two infections are caused by the varicella-zoster virus? Select one: A. Chickenpox and shingles B. HIV and herpes C. Hepatitis and cytomegalovirus D. Tuberculosis and HIV
A
Why is it important to wash the hands before gloving? Select one: a. This reduces the number of microbes on the skin so there will be fewer to multiply beneath the gloves and irritate the skin. b. Dirty hands will increases the chances that the gloves will tear during use. c. The small amount of soap left on the hands after handwashing prevents any allergic reaction to the gloves. d. The residual moisture from handwashing makes the gloves easier to put on.
A
A handwashing consisting of 2 latherings of 20 seconds each is recommended at the beginning of the day. What type of handwash should be done between patients? Select one: a. 2 latherings of 20-25 seconds each b. 1 lathering of 15-20 seconds each c. 3 latherings of 10 seconds each d. 3 latherings of 10-15 seconds each
B
A mask should be changed: 1. when it becomes moist 2. between every patient 3. when it becomes dirty (visibly soiled) 4. every 30 minutes Select one: a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 1, 3, and 4 d. 2, 3 and 4
B
According to OSHA employers of healthcare workers must be offer their employees the hepatitis B vaccination series; (1) free of charge, (2) within 10 days of their employment, and (3) after they have: Select one: a. agreed to practice universal precautions. b. received the required training on bloodborne pathogens. c. been fitted or protective clothing and gloves. d. prescreened for immunity to hepatitis B.
B
According to OSHA regulations, what is the employer's obligation to an employee who has been occupationally exposed to a bloodborne pathogen? Select one: a. punitive damages for pain and suffering b. medical consultation, follow-up, and laboratory testing of employee and source patient c. transportation by ambulance to a hospital d. treatment for any disease resulting from the exposure
B
According to the Boodborne Pathogens Standard, protective eyewear must have: Select one: a. an elastic head band to hold them on tightly. b. solid side shields. c. nonscratch lenses. d. tinted lenses.
B
Aerosol particles generated from the use of a prophylaxis angle mainly enter the body through: Select one: a. mucous membranes and breaks in the skin. b. inhalation and mucous membranes. c. breaks in the skin and ingestion. d. only breaks in the skin.
B
After the successful development of a safety culture in a dental office what comes next? Select one: a. Identify and remove hazards in the work environment. b. Give rewards. c. Determine the cause of identified problems. d. Commitment of management to improve patient and worker safety.
B
Entrance of the herpes virus through breaks in the skin on unprotected hands and fingers can lead to vesicle development at these sites called: ____________. Select one: a. secondary herpes b. herpetic whitlow c. herpes labialis d. recurrent herpes
B
HIV-disease is not spread: Select one: a. through percutaneous exposure. b. by inhalation. c. from sexual activities. d. to a developing fetus from the infected mother.
B
Heavy latex utility gloves are used: Select one: a. as an overglove. b. to clean the unit after dental treatment. c. during an oral examination. d. to set up the clean unit.
B
How would you sterilize burs made of carbon steel? Select one: a. In a steam autoclave at 134°C b. In a dry heat sterilizer c. In a bead sterilizer d. In a steam autoclave at 121°C
B
If you are working in a private dental office and your employer says that you must buy your own gloves, where is the best place to go to complain? Select one: a. CDC b. OSHA c. Another dental office d. The local school of dentistry
B
Mr. Sams ate at Crabby's Corner Restaurant. After about 3 weeks, he started to run a fever, feel tired, nauseated, and he began to develop a yellow tint to his skin. Doctors traced his illness back to the restaurant at which he had eaten. Mr. Sams most likely had: Select one: a. Hepatitis B b. Hepatitis A c. Hepatitis C d. Hepatitis D
B
Special proteins that are made by the body after a microbe invades the body are called: Select one: a. antigens. b. antibodies. c. antiseptics. d. acids.
B
The CDC estimates that what will prevent more than 21 million hospitalizations and 732,000 deaths among children born in the last 20 years? Select one: a. Increased use of prophylactic antibiotics b. Vaccinations c. Infection control d. High protein diets
B
The CDC recommends that dental unit water should have no more than _____________ colony-forming-units (CFU) of heterotropic bacteria per milliliter. Select one: a. 5 b. 500 c. 50 d. 5000
B
The bloodborne pathogens standard requires action by whom? Select one: a. Dental office employees b. Dentist employers c. Dental sales representatives d. Dental patients
B
The category of bacteria on the hands that refers to the normal skin bacteria rather than the pathogens is called: Select one: a. resistant. b. resident. c. a colony. d. transient.
B
The difference between an infection and an infectious disease is that an: Select one: a. infectious disease and an infection can never involve the same microbe. b. infectious disease is an infection that causes damage to the body. c. infection comes after the infectious disease has already started. d. infection never causes an infectious disease.
B
The disease that breaks down the body's immune system and that is transmitted through bloodborne contact is: Select one: a. tubercuolosis b. HIV c. syphilis d. tetanus
B
The goal of instrument processing is to: Select one: a. clean instruments free of visible debris. b. provide sterile instruments at chairside for use on a subsequent patient. c. eliminate water spots. d. sterilize contaminated instruments.
B
The maximum time suggested to wear a mask is: Select one: a. length of time is not important b. 1 hour c. 2 hours d. 3 hours
B
What antimicrobial agent is being evaluated by the FDA for possible harmful effects? Select one: a. Iodophor b. Triclosan c. Alcohol d. Phenolics
B
What disease was caused by a highly virulent strain of bacterium that developed in India and was spread to South America? Select one: a. HIV-disease b. Cholera c. Lyme disease d. Tuberculosis
B
What do the following pathogens have in common? (Streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium difficile). Select one: a. They all are endogenous pathogens b. They all have strains that are antibiotic-resistant c. They are all viruses d. They can all cause the same type of infection
B
What infection prevention element provides protection to both patients and the dental team? Select one: a. The dental team wearing protective eyewear. b. The dental team being immunized against hepatitis B. c. Having sharps containers close to chairside. d. Disinfecting a denture before sending to the dental laboratory. Feedback
B
What infection prevention element provides protection to patients but not the dental team? Select one: a. When the dental team wears gloves at chairside. b. Packaging instruments prior to sterilization. c. The dental team wearing face masks at chairside. d. Hand hygiene by the dental team.
B
What is a safe procedure? Select one: a. Not wearing gloves at chairside b. Not reusing disposables c. Not wearing protective eyewear d. Not monitoring the sterilization process
B
What is the best way to evaluate performance of hand hygiene by the office staff? Select one: a. Measure the amount of alcohol hand-rub used every week. b. Observe the staff performing hand hygiene. c. Keep track of the approximate number of paper towels used. d. Periodically measuring the level of handwashing soap used.
B
What is the best way to evaluate performance of hand hygiene by the office staff? Select one: a. Measure the amount of alcohol hand-rub used every week. b. Observe the staff performing hand hygiene. c. Periodically measuring the level of handwashing soap used. d. Keep track of the approximate number of paper towels used.
B
What part of an infection control program is occurring when a patient enter a dental office and sees a sign stating: "Please cover your mouth/nose when coughing or sneezing"? Select one: a. Postexposure medical evaluation b. Respiratory hygiene c. Use of disposables d. Disinfection
B
What types of viral strains are in the influenza vaccine? Select one: a. One type A and one type B b. Two type As and one type B c. Three type As d. Three type Bs
B
When during a patient visit to the dental office should respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette begin? Select one: a. When they first see the receptionist. b. Immediately when they enter the office. c. When they are seated in the dental chair. d. When they leave the waiting area and approach the clinical area.
B
Which of the following best defines an antigen? Select one: a. Cells of the body that engulf and destroy invading bacteria. b. An antigen is a foreign substance, cell or microbes that invades the body and activates an immune response. c. Agents used to treat bacterial diseases. d. Special proteins produced by the body in response to an invading microbe.
B
Which of the following best describes the transient skin flora on the hands? Select one: a. Microbes that are nonpathogenic. b. Microbes that are usually involved in the spread of disease from the hands. c. Microbes that are never completely killed or removed by handwashing. d. Microbes that live on the skin all the time.
B
Which of the following forms of hepatitis is transmitted through contaminated food or water? Select one: a. Hepatitis D b. Hepatitis A c. Hepatitis B d. Hepatitis C
B
Which of the following hepatitis diseases seldom, if ever, establishes a chronic infection? Select one: a. Hepatitis D b. Hepatitis A c. Hepatitis B d. Hepatitis C
B
Which of the following is a respiratory disease that can be screened for using the Mantoux test or purified protein derivative test? Select one: a. "Strep throat" b. Tuberculosis c. Syphilis d. HIV-disease
B
Which of the following is appropriate for hand hygiene and gloving? Select one: a. Wearing artificial nails are fine as long as they are kept short. b. One should keep nails short to allow for thorough cleaning and to prevent glove tears. c. Finger rings are fine during surgical procedures as long as the ring do not tear gloves. d. Arm jewelry is fine during surgical procedures as long as it is simple in design and the arms are thoroughly washed.
B
Which of the following is proper handling of reusable protective clothing? Select one: a. It can be worn in the office's restrooms as long as it does not come into direct contact with the handwashing sink, faucets or towel dispenser. b. It needs to be removed before leaving the office for lunch. c. It can be worn in the office's lunch room as long as it does not come into direct contact with food or utensils. d. It can be taken home and laundered by the employee.
B
Which of the following patients appear the same? Select one: a. Normal patients and prodormal patients b. Asymptomatic patients and normal patients c. Asymptomatic patients and acute stage patients d. Normal patients and acute stage patients
B
Which of the following protective barriers are to be worn when processing contaminated instruments? Select one: a. Gloves and mask b. Gloves, mask, protective clothing, and protective eyewear c. Gloves, mask, and protective clothing d. Gloves
B
Which of the following sterilization methods lead to corrosion (e.g., rusting) of carbon steel instruments? Select one: a. Dry heat b. Steam c. Dry heat and steam d. Unsaturated chemical vapor
B
Which of the following symptoms are prominent with influenza but rare or slight with the common cold? Select one: a. Slow onset and low fever b. Headache and body aches c. Sore throat and sneezing d. Stuffy nose and sore throat
B
You are working for Dr. Danby. You arrived at work at 7:45 a.m., lathered and rinsed your hands two times, cleaned and disinfected your operatory and have seated your first patient. Immediately before you put on your treatment gloves, how many times will you wash your hands? Select one: a. 2 latherings b. 1 lathering
B
A child comes into your office and their cheeks are bright red and look as if someone has slapped them. Which of the following might you suspect to be the cause? Select one: a. mononucleosis b. infectious parotitis c. Fifth disease d. CMV
C
A disease prevention strategy based on the shared commitment of everyone in the office is referred to as: Select one: a. an OSHA Standard on occupational safety. b. a FDA recommendation on patient safety. c. a culture of safety. d. an EPA regulation.
C
A person who is positive for HBsAg and ______________ is highly infectious for hepatitis B (can more easily spread the disease). Select one: a. HBcAg b. anti-HBc c. HBeAg d. anti-HBe
C
ASTM levels 1, 2, and 3 classifications of facemasks refer to what property of the masks? Select one: a. Cost of the masks b. Color stability c. Fluid resistance d. Fit
C
About 5% to 10% of the cases of _______________ occur in or around the mouth in the form of an open ulcer commonly on the tongue or lips. Select one: a. chickenpox b. infectious mononucleosis c. syphilis d. tuberculosis
C
According to CDC how often is one to perform biological monitoring of a sterilizer? Select one: a. Once a day b. Once a month c. Once a week d. Every load
C
According to OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, the employer is responsible for providing, maintaining, cleaning/laundering, disposing of and ensuring the use of: Select one: a. gloves. b. masks. c. personal protective equipment. d. protective eyewear.
C
According to the bloodborne pathogens standard who must provide gloves, masks, eyeglasses and protective clothing to the dental assistant in the office? Select one: a. A dental sales representative of a protective equipment manufacturer must provide the protective equipment to the office free of charge. b. The dental assistant must supply her/his own protective equipment. c. The employing dentist must supply this protective equipment. d. OSHA must supply this protective equipment.
C
During an intraoral examination (exam of the mouth) of a 3 year old, numerous painful vesicles are noted on the alveolar mucosa. The boy's gingiva is red; he is feverish and irritable. No skin lesions (sores) are present. The patient most likely has: xxx Select one: a. Fifth disease b. measles c. primary herpes or acute herpatic gingivostomatitis d. chicken pox
C
HIV disease is an example of a disease that has mainly been spread through: Select one: a. microbial changes. b. ecological changes. c. human behavioral changes. d. breakdowns in public health.
C
Herpes labialis is caused by: Select one: a. human herpesvirus 3. b. human herpesvirus 8. c. human herpesvirus 1. d. human herpesvirus 6.
C
How does HIV cause AIDS? Select one: a. It paralyzes the body. b. It destroys the ability to control muscle action. c. It destroys the body defenses against diseases. d. It destroys the liver.
C
How long can the hepatitis C virus in blood dried in an inanimate surface remain infectious? Select one: a. Up to 1 week b. Up to 3 weeks c. Up to 6 weeks d. Up to 2 days
C
In 2003 a coronavirus was discovered as the cause of ____________________. Select one: a. hepatitis F b. monkeypox in humans c. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) d. gastric ulcers
C
New infectious disease that have not been recognized before are referred to as: Select one: a. exogenous diseases. b. endogenous diseases. c. emerging diseases. d. opportunistic diseases.
C
New outbreaks of influenza emerge frequently (almost every year) because of: Select one: a. changes in human behaviors. b. a breakdown in public health measures. c. microbial changes. d. ecological changes that bring humans and animals together in new ways.
C
Protective eyewear should be worn by the: Select one: a. patient b. operator c. both A and B
C
Spreading a microbe from one patient to another by reusing improperly sterilized instruments is referred to as cross-contamination through: Select one: a. airborne infection. b. direct contact. c. indirect contact. d. droplet infection.
C
That period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are at or near the maximum level is called the: Select one: a. convalescent stage. b. prodormal stage. c. acute stage. d. incubation stage.
C
The "hiding place" link in the chain of infection where germs live, grow, and increase in numbers is better termed: Select one: a. Means of transmission b. Infectious agent c. Reservoir d. Susceptible host e. Portal of entry f. Portal of exit
C
The best way for you to avoid contracting a bloodborne disease in the office is to: Select one: a. wear a mask all day long even between patients. b. not shake hands with patients. c. handle sharps carefully. d. disinfect operatory surfaces with undiluted bleach.
C
The incubation stage of an infectious disease occurs: Select one: a. after symptoms have subsided b. during the height of the symptoms c. after contamination and before symptoms appear
C
The mode of microbe transmission that involves touching the patient's teeth while not wearing gloves is called: Select one: a. airborne infection. b. droplet infection. c. direct contact. d. indirect contact.
C
Utility or heavy-duty gloves are used for which of the following procedures? Select one: A. Examination of the patient's extraoral areas B. Processing of contaminated dental instruments only C. Clean-up and set-up of the dental operatory and processing of contaminated dental instruments D. Examination of the intraoral cavity (mouth) E. Clean-up and set-up of the dental operatory only
C
What is a Bowie-Dick test? Select one: a. A test for the level of microbes in used ultrasonic cleaning solution. b. A test using biological indicators for sterilization monitoring. c. A test for air removal in vacuum and prevacuum steam sterilizers. d. A test for the efficiency of instrument cleaning equipment.
C
What is required by the postexposure evaluation part of the bloodborne pathogens standard? Select one: a. That all patients exposed to an HIV-positive or hepatitis B-positive dental office employee be evaluated for their bloodborne disease status. b. That an OSHA inspector evaluate employers and employees exposed to a patient's blood or saliva for their bloodborne disease status. c. That employees exposed to a patient's blood or saliva be evaluated for their bloodborne disease status. d. The employees get hepatitis A and tetanus vaccinations.
C
What is the least helpful action that can be taken by employers to help ensure a safety culture in the workplace? Select one: a. Engaging worker participation in safety planning. b. Openly supporting the safety culture through supply of resources. c. Requiring staff to wear heavy utility gloves when recapping contaminated needles by hand. d. Having written safety guidelines and policies.
C
What virus was first associated with human disease in 2012 and causes a severe acute respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath? Select one: a. Streptococcus pneumoniae b. MRSA c. MERS-CoV d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C
When alcohol-based hand rubs are used throughout the day, which of the following should be done? Select one: a. Periodically wash the gloves to remove the residual alcohol. b. Perform a surgical scrub using antimicrobial soap at the end of the day because alcohol hand rubs are not very effective. c. Wash and rinse the hands after every four to five hand rubs to remove the build-up of glove powder, sweat, and glove chemicals from the hands. d. For every other hand rub put the gloves on first and then use the alcohol hand rub.
C
Which of the following diseases is considered a chronic infection? Select one: a. Influenza b. Chickenpox c. Hepatitis B carrier state d. Strep throat
C
Which of the following is an autoclave? Select one: A. It is a washer/thermal disinfector B. It is a chemical vapor sterilizer C. It is sterilization achieved by steam under pressure D. It is a dry heat sterilizer
C
Which of the following microbes can cause a respiratory disease (mainly in immunocompromised persons) and has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen found in technologically advanced water handling devices including in dental unit waterlines? Select one: a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Bartonella henselae c. Legionella pheumophila d. Cryptosporidium parvum
C
Which of the following pathways for cross-contamination is the most difficult to control? Select one: a. Patient to patient b. Office to community c. Patient to dental team d. Dental team to patient
C
Which of the following procedures provides the least cross-contamination during handwashing? Select one: a. Using pump soap dispensers. b. Using squeeze bottle soap dispensers. c. Using electric eye soap dispensers. d. Using bar soaps.
C
Which of the following protective barriers are to be worn when processing contaminated instruments? Select one: a. Gloves, mask, and protective clothing b. Gloves c. Gloves, mask, protective clothing, and protective eyewear d. Gloves and mask
C
Why should ultrasonic cleaners or automatic instrument washers be used instead of routine hand-scrubbing to clean contaminated dental instruments? Select one: a. Hand-scrubbing does not get the instruments clean. b. Ultrasonic cleaning and instrument washers are less expensive to perform. c. Hand-scrubbing increases the chances of sharps injuries. d. Ultrasonic cleaning and instrument washers sterilize the instruments.
C
A dental hygienist is running behind schedule and hurriedly removes contaminated instruments from the ultrasonic cleaning unit. A contaminated instrument tip punctures her finger through her latex glove. These instruments had been used on her previous client who is HIV-positive. Immediately, the hygienist removes her gloves and sees a small spot of blood forming on the pad of her middle finger where the puncture occurred. Which of the following pathways of cross-contamination is depicted in this case? Select one: a. office to community b. patient to patient c. DHCP to patient d. Patient to DHCP (dental health care professional)
D
A vaccine is available for which of the following types of hepatitis? Select one: a. Hepatitis C and hepatitis D b. Hepatitis A and hepatitis C c. Hepatitis C and hepatitis B d. Hepatitis B and hepatitis A
D
A vaccine is not available for: Select one: a. chickenpox. b. rubella. c. hepatitis B. d. some human herpesviruses.
D
Choose the step in the chain of infection that immediately follows "mode of spread." Select one: a. Susceptible host b. Reservoir c. Portal of exit d. Portal of entry
D
Gloves should be: Select one: a. changed for every patient b. worn during all procedures where contact with blood or saliva might occur c. changed only in the morning and after lunch d. A and B e. all of the above
D
Hepatitis is inflammation of which organ? Select one: A. Heart B. Lungs C. Kidneys D. Liver
D
In 1995 human herpesvirus 8 was associated with human ____________________. Select one: a. hand-foot-mouth disease b. roseola c. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome d. Kaposi sarcoma
D
In untreated ________________ a secondary oral phase (infectious mucous patches) of the disease may appear 2 to 10 weeks after the initial nonoral lesion occurs and has subsided. Select one: a. chickenpox b. infectious mononucleosis c. tuberculosis d. syphilis
D
Medical histories are the best way to determine if a patient is an infectious disease risk. The same infection control procedures should be applied for every patient. Select one: a. both statements are true b. first statement is true. second statement is false c. both statements are false d. first statement is false. second statement is true
D
The correct name for the dental infection control guidelines issued by the CDC is: Select one: a. laws. b. suggestions. c. regulations. d. recommendations.
D
What infection prevention procedure would be least effective in preventing the spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MERSA) in the dental office? Select one: a. Cleaning and disinfecting or using surface barriers on clinical contact surfaces. b. Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. c. Hand hygiene. d. Antimicrobial treatment of dental unit water.
D
What is the antimicrobial agent in hand-rubs used without rinsing? Select one: a. Glutaraldehyde b. Hydrogen peroxide c. Sodium hypochlorite d. Alcohol
D
What is the least important way a dental assistant can prevent the chairside spread of HIV from a dental patient? Select one: a. Wear examination gloves b. Wear protective eyewear c. Prevent sharps injuries d. Have the patient use a preprocedure mouthrinse
D
What is the main concern/precaution with using a dry heat oven-type sterilizer? Select one: a. There is no biological indicator that can be used to monitor the sterilization process. b. It causes corrosion of carbon steel instruments. c. It requires the purchase and use of a special chemical sterilizing solution. d. It has a long sterilization time.
D
What microbe causes "strep throat"? Select one: a. Candida albicans b. Herpes simplex virus c. Streptococcus mutans d. Streptococcus pyogenes
D
What present of those infected with hepatitis C virus develop chronic liver disease? Select one: a. 90% to 100% b. 20% to 30% c. 5% to 10% d. 60% to 70%
D
When should dental healthcare personnel first be introduced to the office's culture of safety? Select one: a. After their first exposure incident. b. During their first participation in the overall infection prevention program evaluation. c. Just before caring for their first infectious patient. d. When they are first hired.
D
Which of the following is a chemical barrier to infectious diseases? Select one: a. Ciliary escalator b. Hair in the nose c. Coughing d. Lysozyme
D
Which of the following is a fungal disease? Select one: a. Measles b. Common cold c. Chickenpox d. Denture stomatitis
D
Which of the following is a viral disease of the mouth? Select one: a. Gonorrhea b. Syphilis c. Tuberculosis d. Herpangina
D
Which of the following is the correct hand hygiene procedure for using an alcohol hand rub before surgery? Select one: a. Use alcohol hand rub; wash with nonantibacterial soap, rinse, dry. b. Use alcohol hand rub; rinse; dry. c. Wash with nonantibacterial soap; use alcohol hand rub; dry. d. Wash with a nonantibacterial soap; rinse; dry; use alcohol hand rub.
D
Which of the following patients appear the same? Select one: a. Normal patients and prodormal patients b. Asymptomatic patients and acute stage patients c. Normal patients and acute stage patients d. Asymptomatic patients and normal patients
D
Who should be involved in creating a safety culture in a dental facility? Select one: a. The dental assistants, hygienists, and front office staff. b. The dentist employer, dental assistants, and hygienists. c. The dental assistants and hygienists. d. Everyone in the facility.
D
Why is it important to wash the hands before gloving? Select one: a. The small amount of soap left on the hands after handwashing prevents any allergic reaction to the gloves. b. Dirty hands will increases the chances that the gloves will tear during use. c. The residual moisture from handwashing makes the gloves easier to put on. d. This reduces the number of microbes on the skin so there will be fewer to multiply beneath the gloves and irritate the skin.
D
Why should ultrasonic cleaners or automatic instrument washers be used instead of routine hand-scrubbing to clean contaminated dental instruments? Select one: a. Hand-scrubbing does not get the instruments clean. b. Ultrasonic cleaning and instrument washers sterilize the instruments. c. Ultrasonic cleaning and instrument washers are less expensive to perform. d. Hand-scrubbing increases the chances of sharps injuries.
D
A surgical hand scrub will sterilize the hands. Select one: True False
false
After persons have received the hepatitis B vaccination series, they must be given a booster shot every 5 years to maintain their immunity. Select one: True False
false
The most common pathway of disease transmission in a dental office is from clinician to patient. Select one: True False
false
A person infected with HIV can have the virus present in saliva. Select one: True False
true
A vaccine is available in the US against pneumococcal pneumonia. Select one: True False
true
Exam gloves offer little protection against injuries with sharp objects such as instruments, needles, and scalpel blades. Select one: True False
true
Hands should be washed before gloving and after removing gloves. Select one: True False
true
