Informational Text
Subjective Point of view
Biased text that expresses personal opinions.
Rebuttal
Counter-argument to an opposing argument
Bias
Distorted information presented to support personal interests
Text Structure
How a text (or piece of writing) is organized
Sequence Structure
Ideas or events are presented in the order they happened. Signal words are first, next, and finally.
Primary Source
Original records created during the time of the event that give a first-hand account or insider's view.
Persuasive Techniques
Propaganda, bandwagon appeal, generalization, stereotyping, snob appeal, plain folks appeal, emotional appeal
Neutral Point of View
Stating the facts without expressing personal opinions
Secondary Source
Text written after the events occurred by someone who did not witness the event first hand.
Text Feature
Title, subheadings, bold and italic type, captions, sidebars, and bulleted lists.,
Graphic Feature
an image that helps the reader visualize information. It may explain the text or it may add new information.
Persuasive Text
attempts to convince readers to accept a certain view or take a specific action
Whole-to-Part Structure
begins with a topic sentence or general idea, followed by facts and details that explain and support the idea.
Part-to-Whole Structure
begins with facts and details and leads up to a main idea or concept.
Compare-and=Contrast Structure
describes how two or more topics are alike or different. Signal words are also, similar, like, both, unlike, although, but.
Spatial Structure
describes things in terms of where they are located.
Examples of Persuasive Texts
editorials, blogs, speeches, letter to the editor, arguments
Types of Evidence
example, case study, statistics, expert opinions
Examples of Scientific Texts
experiments, academic textbooks, science magazine articles
Cause-and-Effect Structure
explains why something happens and what happens as a result. Signal words are because, since, as a result.
Historical Text
informational text that tells about the past
Examples of Historical Texts
letters, biographies, newspaper stories, government documents, speeches, and pamphlets.
Technical Text
provides detailed informational on a specific topic, such as how to do something
Argument
the author supports his or her claim with logical reasoning and evidence
Examples of Technical Texts
user manuals, how-to guides, instructions, brochures, and cookbooks.