INS
The impact of poverty on children is enormous and can be life altering. Children who live in poverty often lack which of the following?
all Adequate nutrition Stable and safe housing Quality health care
The social sciences seek to develop theories to explain why human beings
behave as they do
Consumers decide what should be produced by expressing their preferences in terms of the amount of money they spend on various goods and services, thus creating
consumer demand
Today the system of government that always accompanies a free market is
democracy
The GDP divided by the population is a measure of
economic well-being
All power is anchored in or exercised through institutions.
f
Political science is the study of the election process
f
Subjective reality is the interpretation of events by two or more people.
f
The idea that inequality is necessary to get people to work harder in more demanding jobs that require longer training and greater skill is a key component of
functional theory
Political parties in the United States organize voters for effective political expression at the polls. The political parties screen candidates to ensure that the candidates' views
loosely reflect party ideology
The sheltered homeless obtain housing in shelters operated by local governments or private charities. Most of the sheltered homeless come from
other housing
Psychology is the study of the behavior of people and animals. Behavior is the product of both
our biological makeup and our environmental conditioning.
In many less-developed countries where there is a caste system, women are commonly denied
participation in politics. education. landownership
Behavioral psychologists study the learning process—the way in which people and animals learn to
respond to stimuli
The process by which an individual internalizes the values, attitudes, and judgments of others is
socialization
Methods of identifying and measuring stratification do not include
societal assessment
The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade did not end the controversy over abortion. Congress banned the use of federal funds under Medicaid for abortions EXCEPT
to protect the life of a woman
Monetarists believe that the national government must use its monetary policy to maintain a healthy economy. Monetarists target an inflation rate of
1-3 percent
Participant observation in field research most often leads to which of the following?
? not less
The president and executive departments must go to Congress for needed legislation and appropriations. How can Congressional committees exercise power in domestic affairs?
By giving or withholding the appropriations and the legislation that the executive agencies want
Theories are developed at different levels of generality. Theories with low levels of generality will explain only a small or narrow range of behaviors. Which of the following is an example of theory with a low level of generality?
Christian voters tend to vote Republican.
The Supreme Court decision in which of the following cases resulted in a separate-but-equal doctrine that gave segregation constitutional approval?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Mikhail Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize for his actions as Soviet president. Which of the following is not true of Gorbachev's actions and beliefs as president?
all He refused to intervene to halt the destruction of the Berlin Wall. He announced that the Soviet Union would not use military forces to keep communist governments in power in Eastern European nations. He believed that economic progress in the Soviet Union required a reduction in the nation's military expenditures.
Personality disorganization occurs when people find themselves in highly conflicting roles. Sources of personality disorganization include which of the following?
an abrupt change in roles
A religious object from an ancient culture is an example of a(n)
artifact
The principle of comparative advantage suggests that if nations devote more of their resources to the production of those goods that they produce most efficiently, then all trading nations
benefit
Biological psychologists are interested in the impact of genetics on personality and the hereditability of traits. Which of the following personality traits has NOT been identified in genetic research?
benevolence
Functionalism assumes that there are certain minimum __________ needs, as well as social and psychological needs that must be satisfied if individuals and society are to __________.
biological: survive
Classical liberalism as a political ideology is closely related to capitalism as a(n) _________ ideology.
economic
Brown v. Board of Education declared that segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
f
John F. Kennedy's Soviet adversary in the Cuban Missile Crisis was
khrushchev
When the population is broken up into four categories, which is the largest?
middle class
U.S. firms that dominated the domestic market in the 1950s and 1960s—steel, automobiles, aircraft, computers, electronics, agriculture, etc.—began to look abroad to expand their own sales. American corporations became
multinational
Although we often view the Civil War as a war about slavery, the war was also the nation's greatest crisis in federalism. A key question decided by the war was whether a state has the right to
oppose federal action by force of arms.
All of the following are examples of how the West affected American history EXCEPT
settlement of the sun belt
Deductive and inductive reasoning are parts of the process of using logic and observing the phenomena around us. Inductive reasoning goes from
specific to general
A correlation is a significant statistical relationship found in data.
t
Boris Yeltsin was the first elected president in the history in Russia.
t
Individuals who have acquired higher education tend to enjoy higher incomes.
t
The basic power structures are voluntary alliances of families and clans who acknowledge the same leaders. They also
work together in economic enterprise
Adults receiving welfare benefits are now required to begin working within two years of receiving aid. States can exempt from this work requirement a parent of a child under
12 months of age
Voter turnout during American presidential elections is about __________ of the eligible people
55 per
One of the best predictors of success in a congressional election is incumbency, or whether the person running for office already holds that office. On average, about __________ percent of the House of Representatives running for re-election win, and about __________ percent of their Senate counterparts do.
94; 88
As part of their World Poll, the Gallup organization continuously polls individuals in more than 150 nations and seeks to represent the opinions of what percent of the worlds' population?
98%
The United States has a vital continuing interest in promoting democracy and economic reform in Russia because
? not russia participates
Communists believe that the mode of production creates the class structure, the political system, religion, education, family life, law, and art and literature. This idea is called
? the proletariat will govern themselves through a "dictatorship of the proletariat."
A cross-cultural comparison reveals that in all societies, most families possess all but which of the following characteristics?
A system of roles and expectation based on societal interventions
Neofascism today can be observed in some extremist movements in Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States. Extremist parties frequently echo fascist themes in which of the following ways?
Aggressive patriotism
Communism collapsed in Russia and Eastern Europe in 1989. Which of the following does not suggest a reason why communism collapsed?
Compatibility with democracy
Currently American forces must be prepared to carry out a variety of missions in addition to the conduct of conventional war. Which of the following is not one of those missions?
Demonstrating U.S. support for communist governments
Globalization, the development of an increasingly integrated global economy, has sweeping and increasing influence on power distribution. This trend has implications in which of the following?
Government Economic system Culture
Which of the following was the first treaty between the superpowers that actually resulted in the destruction of nuclear arms?
INF treaty
Which of the following statements is linked to a theory that attempts to explain male dominance in politics and war in most countries?
Men possess more aggressive personalities than women
Most immigrants come to the United States seeking economic opportunity. Most personify the traits we typically think of as American, as aggregated in which response below?
Opportunism, ambition, perseverance, initiative, and a willingness to work hard
Marx urged workers to organize for revolutionary action. He asserted that only violent revolution will place the proletariat in power so they can set up the dictatorship of the proletariat to do which of the following?
Protect their class interests
Unlike Medicare, Medicaid is a public assistance program designed for needy persons. Which of the following is not true of Medicaid?
Recipients are not required to have made prior contributions.
In the early 1960s, the civil rights movement stepped up its protests and demonstrations and attracted worldwide attention. Which of the following combination of strategies was used to call attention to the issues of the movement?
Sit-ins, freedom rides, picketing campaigns, boycotts, and mass marches
The United States did little in response to Soviet political and military expansion in the 1970s until the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
President Lyndon Johnson ordered troops into South Vietnam in February, 1965. Which of the following is not true of America's involvement in Vietnam?
The Paris Peace Agreement ended the conflict in 1969.
The regional alliance of Western democracies to protect themselves against Soviet aggression was called NATO. Which of the following is not true of this organization.
The United States refused to make a specific commitment to defend Western Europe in the event of Soviet attack.
Terrorism's threat creates what two military requirements?
The ability to punish nations that support terrorism, and the ability to deter terrorists
Which of the following was a tactic used by white supremacists to disenfranchise African American voters?
The grandfather clause A poll tax White primaries
Even before 1860, Northern industry had been altering the course of American life. Which of the following was (were) part of the economic transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial nation?
The rise of corporations and the stock market Canals and steam railroads the introduction of machinery in factories
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an agrarian society where the family is patriarchal and patrilineal?
The wife owns and manages the family's economic enterprise
TANF grant funds cannot be used for adults who have received welfare funds for more than five years, although state and local funds can be used. Which of the following is not true of states' ability to restrict funds?
They can opt to impose a longer time limit on benefits.
Which of the following is not true of trade with other nations?
Trade is directly responsible for job loss and unemployment
The New Deal brought a lasting commitment by the national government to welfare. Prior to its passage, on whom had the poor, the unemployed, the disabled, infirm or elderly relied?
Two of the three options here are true. no one, charities, family and friends
Most energy in less-developed countries is directly supplied by human and animal muscle power. This means that
a lifetime of hard manual labor, just to meet minimum needs, confronts most of the people in the world.
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 declared that all persons were entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of all public accommodations, inns, public conveniences, theaters, and other places of public amusement. In this act, the Reconstruction Congress committed the nation to
a policy of nondiscrimination in all aspects of public life
Equality of opportunity means that everyone comes to the same starting line in life with the same chance of success and that whatever differences develop over time do so as a result of
abilities and talents initiative hard work
The category of less-developed countries encompasses societies with different languages, diverse people, and distinct culture. Nonetheless, there are common characteristics among these countries, including all but which of the following?
advanced technology
In an effort to narrow the gap between races and genders, the government practices this form of compensatory or preferential treatment.
affirmative action
If in-kind benefits were "costed out," fewer persons might be classified as poor. Which of the following are in-kind benefits?
all Food stamps Public housing Free medical care under Medicaid and Medicare
High-income people are more likely to vote than are low-income people. Which of the following explains why the poor do NOT vote?
all They lack a sense of political efficacy. They feel they have no control over their own lives, let alone over public affairs. They feel alienated from the political process.
Some of the nation's most important policy decisions have been made by courts rather than by executive or legislative bodies. Among those decisions are
all eliminating racial segregation in public life. ensuring the separation of church and state. guaranteeing voters equal voice in government.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once an individual satisfies the physiological and safety needs, social needs become dominant. The individual then seeks which of the following?
all friendships, intimacies, group acceptance
Children born into a culture of alienation, apathy, and lack of motivation learn these attitudes themselves. Thus, the poor are prevented from exploiting
any opportunities tht are available to them
A push poll really constitutes more of a campaign tactic than a scientific public opinion survey. Which of the following is a tactic used during push polls to sway opinion for a particular candidate or position?
asking leading or loaded questions
Cognitive theorists assert that differences in personality are the result of differences in how individuals mentally represent information derived from their environment, including the
behavior of other
Through the study of history, social scientists can gain insight into societal conflict and the
breakdown of elite consensus
The landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared that segregation itself violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was
brown v. board of edu
A significant relationship is one that is NOT likely to have occurred
by chance
A relationship that is not likely to have occurred by chance is said to be significant. After observing a significant relationship, social scientist next ask whether there is
causal relationship
Which of the following might be an argument made by a sociologist who subscribes to the functional theory of social stratification
certain positions are more important to a society's survival than other positions and require special skills
The classic research design is not without problems. Social scientists must be aware of the more difficult problems in applying this research design to social science research and must be prepared on occasion to
change their procedures accordingly.
The federal government, under its Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, directly aids three categories of recipients. Which of the following is not a category aided by SSI?
children under 18
Deinstitutionalization was a reform advanced by mental health care professionals and social welfare activists in the 1960s and 1970s to release
chronic mental patients from state-run mental hospitals.
The belief that government power should be limited is called
constitutionalism
Few people are willing to admit that they know nothing about the topic or that they really have "no opinion." They believe they should provide an answer even if they have little interest in the topic itself. The result is that polls often seem to
create public opinion
Ethnography is the systematic description of a society's
customary behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes
Segregation permitted or required by law is called
de jure segregation
Which of the following was not a response by African Americans to the imposition of segregation?
declaration of revolution by African Americans
In social Darwinism, the new industrial elite found a new philosophy to justify its political and economic dominance. This conservative philosophy permitted the conditions of the masses to
decline to the lowest depths in American history.
The increase in income inequality may be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT
demographic trends than include fewer older workers
The stress of poverty may precipitate psychological disorders. Which disorder does poverty often precipitate among women who live in poverty?
depression
Traditionally, historians viewed the Reconstruction Congress as vindictive against the South, and the Reconstruction Era is considered
destructive, oppressive, and corrupt.
The goal of the fascist state is the
development of a superior race of humans
Popular participation in the political system is the very definition of democracy. Individuals in a democracy may
do all of these participate in marches and demonstrations. run for public office vote in elections.
Power is exercised within the family when patterns of __________ and __________ are established between male and female and between parents and children.
dominance; submission
Communists believe that the mode of production creates the class structure, the political system, religion, education, family life, law, and art and literature. This idea is called
econmic determinism
Because historians must consider what forces have operated to shape the past, historians become involved in
economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and political science.
Some sociologists believe that which of the following is the most important single factor influencing occupational prestige rankings?
education
The most common path to social mobility is
education
Liberals frequently view the subsistence definition of poverty as insensitive to a variety of needs including
entertainment, recreation, and the relief of monotony.
Believing that one's culture should be the benchmark by which to measure other cultures is called
ethnocentrism
Due process of law, found in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, is guaranteed to
every person in the united states
A case study is a cursory investigation of a particular event in order to gain limited understanding of the event.
f
An artifact is the physical product of a culture. An artifact can be anything from a piece of pottery or a religious object from an ancient society. Physical products from modern societies, however, are not artifacts.
f
Authoritarians are oriented toward cooperation
f
Classical liberalism emphasized the rational ability of human beings to determine their own destinies, and it advocated ideas, practices, and institutions that submerged individuals into a larger whole and deprived them of their essential dignity.
f
Communism asserts the individual's right to own property and to buy, sell, rent, and trade in a free market.
f
Communist expansion in Korea was contained at the cost of more than seventy-five thousand United States lives.
f
For the most part, the quest for the American past has been carried on in the spirit of critical analysis.
f
History is concerned with change over time, and it provides a perspective on the future by informing us of the way people lived in the past.
f
Humanistic psychology focuses on the scientific study of how humans respond to various stimuli.
f
It is easy to determine whether a specific personality characteristic shared by a parent and child has been genetically inherited or transmitted through social interaction in the home.
f
Markets implement decisions through involuntary exchange.
f
Most federal revenues come from the taxes that businesses pay
f
Multiculturalism generally refers to acknowledging and promoting multiple cultures and subcultures. It seeks to end cultural diversity.
f
National supremacy means that when state and federal laws conflict in an area in which both have jurisdiction, the decision must go before the Supreme Court.
f
National supremacy means that when state and federal laws conflict where both have jurisdiction, state laws are superior.
f
Only a few societies have some system of classifying and ranking their members into a system of stratification.
f
Power is the central concern of all of the social sciences
f
Presidents are blamed for economic downturns only if government policies were the cause of market conditions.
f
Puerto Ricans are American citizens represented by voting members in the U.S. Congress and with electoral votes for president.
f
Queer theory comes from feminist theory and views sexual identity and behavior as belonging to discrete categories.
f
Random sampling reduces the likelihood that the responses obtained from the sample would be the same as those obtained from the universe if everyone were questioned.
f
Research indicates that aggression and violence are often reactions to empowerment.
f
Salient issues are those that people think about most and about which they hold weak and changeable opinions.
f
Sanctions are rewards and punishments bestowed for conforming to or violating norms. Conformity to cultural norms depends exclusively on sanctions
f
Social insurance and public assistance is the same thing.
f
Social problems tend to confine themselves to one or the other of the disciplines of social science.
f
The "March on Washington" was led by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1969
f
The "separate but equal" doctrine was made official interpretation of the equal protection clause in 1896 with the decision in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.
f
The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides health coverage for children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but whose parents don't want to purchase private insurance.
f
The Dawes Act of 1887 allowed Native Americans to maintain their own culture.
f
The federal food stamp program and the launching of Head Start federally funded preschool programs were initiatives President John F. Kennedy's Great Society
f
There are several social sciences, each specializing in a particular aspect of human behavior, but all using the same concepts, methods, and data in their studies.
f
To an anthropologist, marriage means a socially approved sexual and economic union between a man and a woman, intended to be more or less permanent and implying social roles between the spouses and their parents.
f
Today, 20 percent of the U.S. population is of Asian descent.
f
Today, federal grants-in-aid are the principle source of federal power over foreign nations.
f
Typically, between 75 and 85 percent of eligible people will vote in presidential elections
f
When General MacArthur publically protested against political limits to military operations, President Truman promoted the popular general.
f
Federal revenues come primarily from
federal personal income tax.
Schools attended by poor children are more likely to be in disrepair, overcrowded, and have
fewer resources
The situational explanation thesis argues that poverty can be explained by the social conditions of the poor, particularly the differences in
financial resources that determine individual behavior.
Shared ideas about what is good and desirable are known as values. Values provide us with standards
for judging ways of life
History is concerned with change over time. It provides a perspective on the present by informing us of the way people lived in the past. Thus, history helps us understand
how contemporary society developed into its present form
Personality consists of all the enduring, organized ways of behavior that characterize an individual. Psychologists differ over
how personality characteristics are determined.
Booker T. Washington's hopes for African Americans lay in a program of self-help through education. With the help of white philanthropists, he established the Tuskegee Institute where training emphasized
immediately useful vocations such as farming, preaching, and blacksmithing
The original text of the Constitution that emerged from the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 did not include the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was added later and is a listing of
individual freedoms and restrictions on government power.
Self-actualization requires first of all that individuals be aware of their own feelings; without such self-awareness they can never know themselves or their
innate potential
The separation of powers in the national government—separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches—was intended by the nation's founders as an additional safeguard to liberty. In practical terms, this has meant that the power to create, administer, and judge the laws has rested with the
legislative, executive, and judicial branches, respectively.
Governmental power is distinguished from the power of other institutions, groups, and individuals by its
legitimate use of force and coverage of the whole society.
The national debt is the total of all annual federal deficits. The current debt is about $57,000 for every
man, woman anc child in america
A U.S. program to rebuild the nations of Western Europe in the aftermath of World War II in order to render them less susceptible to communist influence and/or takeover was called the
marshall plan
The mother is the single most important influence in anyone's early environment. This is so because
mothers are usually the primary care givers
Socialists envision a gradual change from private to public ownership of property. This process involves government seizure of industries from private owners and is known as
nationalization
The purpose of public assistance programs is to alleviate: the idea is simply to provide a minimal level of subsistence to certain categories of
needy persons
The scientific method is descriptive and explanatory, but NOT
normative
The writers of the Constitution deliberately insulated the courts against popular majorities. To ensure their independence, Supreme Court judges were
not to be elected, but appointed for life terms.
China, North Korea and Cuba are examples of which type of government?
oligarchy
Many early democrats believed in political equality, that is, equal opportunity to influence public policy. Political equality is expressed in the concept of
one person, one vote
Which of the following does not render professional assistance to those with mental disorders
physiologist
The family is the principal agent of socialization into society. In all societies, the family centers on
procreation and child-rearing functions
Roosevelt's New Deal philosophy was based on the idea that government has the responsibly to
provide an economic safety net for citizens.
An MD who specializes in the treatment of mental disorders is called a
psychiatrist
Modern liberals believe that true equality of opportunity cannot be achieved where significant numbers of people suffer from hunger, remediable illness, or extreme hardships in the conditions of life. They support political equality and support government efforts to do which of the following?
reduce various inequalitites in society
Which of the following is not a principal objective criterion of social class?
religion
Beliefs are shared ideas about what is true. Culture includes beliefs about which of the following?
religion and the purpose of life marriage and family economic and political organization
From the point of view of humanistic psychology, the ultimate power of the individual might be regarded as the ability to achieve
self-actualization
In the 1857 U.S. Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional because Congress had no authority to forbid slavery in any territory. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said that
slave property was as much protected by the Constitution as any other kind of property.
Classifying people and ranking the classifications on a superiority-inferiority scale is called
social stratification
Idealism focuses on the importance of ideas in determining culture. Idealists assert that the components of needs and the resources to meet them are
socially constructed
Reagan's strategic defense initiative to develop a defense against ballistic missile attack was labeled by the media as
star wars
Culture is people's learned and shared behaviors and beliefs or the ways of life that are common to a society. Variations in those ways of life within a society are called
subcultures
The examination of the role that symbols play in creating meaning for communication between individuals is a key component of
symbolic interaction theory
A market is any place or arrangement that enables people to exchange money for goods, services, or labor.
t
Abraham Lincoln wanted the Western territories to be tied economically and culturally to the Northern system.
t
An ideology is an integrated system of ideas about values in general and the ideal role of government in particular.
t
Anthropologists in their professional roles do not speculate frequently about the truth or falsehood of religious beliefs. Instead they are concerned with why religion is found in all societies and how and why religions vary from one society to another.
t
Authoritarians are likely to view members of social groups other than their own as outsiders who are different, strange, unwholesome, and threatening.
t
Behavioral psychotherapy establishes a set of conditions in which neurotic habits are unlearned and non-neurotic habits are learned.
t
Blacks have made notable progress in education, but the proportion of college graduates is still two-thirds that of the white population.
t
Communism is a strain of the larger ideological movement of socialism
t
Cuban Americans have higher educational levels than other Hispanics in the United States.
t
Deindustrialization has been accompanied by economic globalization.
t
Deinstitutionalization was a reform movement that resulted in emptying the nation's mental hospitals of all but the most dangerous mental patients.
t
Ethnography is the systematic description of a society's customary behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes.
t
Even in the least-developed societies, power relationships emerge for the purposes of maintaining order, organizing economic enterprise, conducting offensive and defensive warfare, and ruling over subject peoples.
t
Global power derives primarily from the president's role as commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the United States.
t
History is the recording, narrating, and interpretation of past human actions and events.
t
Hypotheses are tentative statements about a relationship between facts or events that should be derived from the theory and should be testable.
t
In Great Britain, the queen plays a ceremonial role but has little say in governance. This is an example of a constitutional monarchy.
t
In a traditional economic system, established over the long-term guide how individuals and groups allocate scarce resources
t
In the years following its inception, the financial support and policy guidance for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was provided by whites rather than blacks.
t
Inside directors of corporations, who are also full-time presidents or vice presidents of the corporations, tend to dominate the board proceedings.
t
John F. Kennedy was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
t
Mikhail Gorbachev believed that economic progress in the Soviet Union required a reduction in the nation's heavy military expenditures and improved relations with the United States.
t
Most national leaders in the United States come from the upper and upper middle classes.
t
Nationalization involves government seizure of industries from private owners.
t
On the eve of the Civil War, the Southern elites numbered not more than seven thousand, yet their views dominated Southern politics.
t
People who can produce intended effects by the real or threatened use of rewards and punishments are said to be powerful.
t
Powerlessness is a sociopsychological condition of hopelessness, indifference, distrust, and cynicism.
t
President Obama ordered the execution of Osama bin Laden by the U.S. Navy Seal team in May, 2011
t
Preventing the spread of Russian expansion was the goal of the policy of containment.
t
Reformers are likely to focus on the economic deprivations as the fundamental cause of the social pathologies that afflict the poor.
t
Social Security and Medicare are the two largest federal entitlement programs.
t
Social mobility refers to the opportunity people have to move from one class to another.
t
Sovereignty means that a nation has authority over its internal affairs, freedom from outside intervention, and political and legal recognition by other nations.
t
The "Jim Crow" laws were designed to prevent the mingling of whites and blacks
t
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made the segregation of public space based on race, color, religion, or national origin illegal.
t
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 recognized tribes as legal governments.
t
The Reagan administration of 1981 was successful in reducing income taxes and decreasing unemployment.
t
The United States initially welcomed Fidel Castro's overthrow of the repressive Batista regime in Cuba in 1959
t
The collective security concept of the United Nations originally meant that all nations would join together to guarantee one another's territorial integrity and existing political independence against external aggression by any nation.
t
The habitual association of human beings in communities or local groups generally leads to the introduction of some form of a more formal political organization where power is exercised.
t
The idea of public assistance is to alleviate, or simply to provide a minimal level of subsistence to certain categories of needy persons.
t
The process by which an individual internalizes the values, attitudes, and judgments of others is called socialization.
t
The scientific method cannot test the validity of values, norms, or feelings.
t
Throughout the world, monogamy is the most widespread marriage form, probably because the gender ratio is near one hundred in all societies
t
Weber suggested that the three sources of legitimacy are tradition, charisma, and legality
t
The official poverty level is derived by calculating the minimum cash income required to maintain families of different sizes. The dollar amounts change each year to
take into account the effect of inflation
Bossuet's idea that monarchies, as representatives of God's will, could rule absolutely, ignoring the will and well-being of their subjects is called
the divine rights of king
Decisions of employers and employees to offer and accept jobs at specified wages is the definition of
the labor market
Libertarianism can be found to the right of conservatism on a traditional ideological spectrum. Libertarians believe that
the less intervention, the better
There is always the chance that the sample selected will not be representative of the universe. Survey researchers can estimate this sampling error through which of the following methods?
the mathematics of probability
In general, women earn about 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. This is generally not due to direct wage discrimination. Instead it is explained by the fact that
the nation's occupational fields are still divided between traditionally male and female jobs.
The capital market refers to money made available by banks and other lenders as loans, primarily to business firms but to consumers as well. The interest rate charged by lenders is really
the price of the money
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in
the sale or rental of a dwelling
George Herbert Mead conceived the notion of roles to explain how an individual internalizes the expectations of others and acquires
the values of society
People are discriminated against because of
their race their ethnicity. their gender.
The free-enterprise system is subject to major modifications by the activities of government. Which of the following is not a reason that the government intervenes in the free market
to protect public property
President Reagan announced the strategic defense initiative (SDI), a research program to develop a defense against a ballistic missile attack.
true
The American economic system is a market or free enterprise system. As such, it is largely
unplanned
On the whole, the private enterprise economy organizes itself with a minimum of centralized planning or direction. The American system relies chiefly on private individuals, in search of
wages and profits to get the job done
The culture of poverty may involve no more than a small portion of all families who live below the poverty line, but it generally continues regardless of
what is done in the way of remedial action
Social psychologists view interpersonal interaction as the critical determinant of personality development. An individual develops an awareness of self only by interactions
with the environment
President George W. Bush sought to increase investments by doing which of the following?
Reducing the top capital gains tax rate
The foundations of power vary from age to age. As power bases shift, new groups and individuals
acquire control
