Integrated Science
A rock exerts 5000 Pa of pressure on the ground. If the rock weighs 250 N, how much area is in contact with the ground?
.05 m
Which of the following formulas correctly describes Newton's second law?
/(F=ma/)
A marble is rolled across the floor with a force of 2 N to the left. There is 1 N of friction acting on the marble to the right. What is the net force acting on the marble?
1 N to the left
Marcella throws a 1 kg tub of ice cream with a net force of 10 N. What is the acceleration of the ice cream?
10 m/s
An astronaut is floating in space. He throws a baseball with a force of 20 N to the right, while the baseball pushes the astronaut with a force of 20 N to the left. What is the net force on the Astronaut?
20 N, left
A giant squid is accelerating through the ocean at 0.5 m/s2. If the mass of the squid is 800 kg, what is the magnitude of the net force?
400 N
A suitcase with a weight of 200 N falls overboard off of a cruise ship, and displaces 150 N of water. Which statement correctly gives the net force acting on the suitcase and describes what happens to it?
50 N downward, it sinks
A 1 kg object is floating in water. What is the weight of the object?
9.8 N
Mercury is a metal that is liquid at room temperature. It has a density of 13.7 g/cm3. Older American pennies are made mostly of copper and have a density of 8.8 g/cm3, newer pennies are made mostly of zinc and have a density of 7.2 g/cm3. What will happen to a new and an old American penny if dropped into a beaker of mercury?
Both pennies will float
Two identical suitcases are thrown into a swimming pool, and sink to the bottom. One of the suitcases is filled with bricks, the other with bubble wrap. Which of the following correctly describes the buoyant force on the two suitcases?
Both suit cases have the same buyancy
Which of the following correctly summarizes Newton's third law of motion?
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Why does energy not appear to be conserved in an open system?
In an open system, both matter and energy can freely enter an exit. So, even though energy is not created or destroyed, it can leave the system, which will make it seem as if the amount of energy is decreasing.
In water flowing through a drain pipe, as the speed of the water increases, what happens to the pressure?
It decreases
As a spacecraft moves beyond Pluto, its thrusters are turned on for a short time to boost its speed to approximately 32,500 mi/h. The thrusters are then turned off. If no other forces ever act on the spacecraft what will it do?
It will continue moving at 32,500 mph
Which of the following describes what happens when you wind up the spring found in a child's toy?
Kinetic energy used to compress the spring is stored as elastic potential energy
The amount of force applied per unit area is known as which of the following?
Pressure
Which of these is the correct definition of area?
The amount of space an object covers on a flat surface
What is it that happens in a chemical reaction that releases energy?
The bonds in compounds or molecules are broken, releasing energy.
If a 50 N force is exerted by a shopper on a shopping cart to push it forward, what force is exerted by the cart on the shopper?
The cart would exert a 50 N force backword
If energy can neither be created nor destroyed, what happens when one kind of energy appears to decrease?
The energy is transformed into a different type, or it moves out of the system.
A large spiny tropical fruit falls and hits a person standing under the tree directly on the head. Which of the following statements correctly represents Newton's third law in this interaction?
The force the fruit exerts on the person's head is the same strength
An isolated system includes a girl, a slide, and the Earth. The girl is initially at the top of a slide, storing 100 J of gravitational energy. As the girl slides down the frictionless slide, what happens to the total energy of the system?
The isolated system stores 100 J of total energy
Which of the following correctly explains how air exerts pressure on us?
The molecules in the air located above us
If the pressure on the top of a container of fluid is increased by 10 Pa, what will happen to the pressure at the bottom of the container?
The pressure at the bottom of the container increases by 10 Pa.
A 1000 kg of rocks sitting on the ground is spread out over an area of exactly one square meter. What would happen to the pressure on the ground if the rocks were spread out to cover two square meters?
The pressure becomes half
Which of the following correctly describes the microscopic structure of a system when heat is added?
The speed of the microscopic particles will increase
Considering Newton's first law of motion, what is the best way to relate a stationary object and a moving object?
They obey exactly the same law of motion
Which option(s) would correctly describe normal force?
a contact force a supportive that acts at right angles to a surface and helps support an object sitting on that surface
An object is at rest. At five seconds, someone comes over and pushes the object with a force of 3 N to the right. Which of the following choices describes the force needed to keep the object in static equilibrium?
a force of 3 N to the left at exactly 5 seconds
gravity
a force possessed by objects that attracts other objects
field force
a force that is caused by the influence of a noncontact field
contact force
a force that is exerted on an object directly by pushing or pulling
Which of the following choices are characteristics of gravitational force?
an attractive force a force between 2 objects
What is light energy?
energy carried in electromagnetic waves caused by the vibration of charged particles
When two objects at different temperatures are in contact, what term describes the flow of thermal energy between them?
heat
When the flow of heat increases the kinetic energy of the particles of an object it is known as:
heat absorption
Which choice correctly describes what happens during cooling?
if two systems are at different temperatures, energy will leave the system with greater thermal energy
Which of the following choices are types of energy?
kinetic thermal chemical
Which forces do not require contact between objects in order to exert a push or pull?
magnetic force gravitational force
Considered together, kinetic and potential energy on a macroscopic scale are known as __________.
mechanical energy
internal energy
the chemical potential energy and thermal kinetic energy in molecules
What form of energy is the result of the movement of heat causing an increase in the vibration of particles of matter at the microscopic level?
thermal energy
A book with a mass of 1 kg is sitting on a desk. How much gravitational force is acting on the book?
9.8 N
A scientist observes that the smoother he makes a surface, the further a ball will roll along it before coming to a stop. He imagines that if he could make the surface perfectly smooth, the ball would roll forever. What can be concluded about the motion of objects from these observations?
A continual force is not necessary in order to keep an object in a state of motion.
An object is at rest. At ten seconds, someone comes over and pushes the object with a force of 5 N, to the left. Which of the following choices describes the force needed to keep the object in static equilibrium?
A force of 5 N to the right must be exerted on the box at exactly 10 seconds, so that the forces are balanced and the object remains at rest.
Why does the temperature of an object remain the same during a phase change?
Additional energy removed or added is used up in changing solid into liquid.
Which of the following experiments could be used to test Newton's third law of motion?
Aim a projectile at a target
"An object at rest or in motion will stay at rest or in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force." This statement is known as __________.
Newton's first law
Which options correctly describe a tension force?
a force transmitted through ropes, strings, wires, or cables a force that increases when the mass of a hanging object increases a force equal and opposite to the gravitational force for a hanging object
Newton's second law of motion
a law which states that a mass under the influence of an unbalanced force will accelerate in proportion to the magnitude of the force
Newton's first law of motion
a law which states that an object at rest or in motion stays at rest or in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force
universal law of gravitation
a law which states that objects attract each other with a strength that depends on the distance between the objects and the size of their masses
temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a given substance or system
Pascal's principle
a principle that describes how pressure is evenly transmitted throughout a contained fluid when pressure is applied to the fluid by an external force
Archimedes' principle
a principle which states that an object completely or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Bernoulli's principle
a principle which states that if a fluid increases in velocity, this increase will cause a corresponding decrease in the fluid's pressure
energy absorption
a process in which the particles in a system or object take in energy from an external source
force
a push or pull acting on some object
friction
a resistance to motion between two objects that are in contact with one another
system
a set of interrelated parts that function together and can be studied as a unit
free-body diagram
a sketch used to show the magnitude and direction of all the forces acting on an object
normal force
a supportive force that acts at right angles to a surface and helps support an object sitting on that surface
open system
a system that allows both energy and matter to enter or leave
closed system
a system that allows energy, but not matter, to enter or leave
isolated system
a system that allows neither energy nor matter to enter or leave
Which option correctly defines gravitational force?
an attractive force
The normal force can be defined as __________.
an upward force between a surface and object, always perpendicular to the surface.
static equilibrium
condition in which all the forces on an object are balanced and the object is at rest
potential energy
energy due to position or relative position, commonly abbreviated as PE
Which of the following statements correctly describes mechanical energy?
energy due to the position
mechanical energy
energy due to the position or motion of objects on a macroscopic level
kinetic energy
energy that results from a mass having velocity, commonly abbreviated as KE
Which force is an attractive force that is affected by the masses of objects?
gravitational force
Which of these forces is defined as the attractive force between two objects, such as a planet and a person, due to their mass and the distance between them?
gravitational force
Which type of system is assumed to be totally unaffected by outside influences?
isolated systems
According to Newton's second law, if you double the force applied to an object, but the mass of the object stays the same, what happens to acceleration?
it doubles
When heat flows from a warmer place to a cooler place, what happens to the thermal energy in the cooler location?
it increases
A hockey puck is sliding at a speed of 20 mi/h along a frictionless surface. It will continue moving at this speed as long as __________.
no forces act upon it
What is the name for a supporting force that acts upward and in a direction perpendicular to a surface?
normal force
What form of energy is released from an atom through the process of fusion or fission?
nuclear energy
Which type of system allows matter and energy to enter or exit the system?
open
What form of energy is carried in compression waves?
sound energy
fluids
substances composed of particles that can be made to move, or flow, from one space to another
What type of force would be responsible for holding up a lamp hanging from the ceiling?
tension force
Which of these would describe the stretching force within a rope or string?
tension force
buoyant
the ability of a fluid to cause an object to float or suspend in it
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
the amount of energy in an isolated system stays the same. Although the amount of energy cannot change, the energy can change form.
pressure
the amount of force per unit area
A ball moves along a rough surface of carpet while an identical ball moves along a smooth surface of ice. Which surface exerts a greater amount of frictional force on the ball, and why?
the carpet exerts more frictional force
heat
the energy transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature
thermal energy
the kinetic energy that comes from the vibration of particles
You push on a box with a net force of 5 N and it accelerates. What happens if you exert the same net force on an object that has half the mass?
the object will accelerate twice as much
thermal equilibrium
the point at which two adjacent systems reach the same temperature, so that the transfer of thermal energy is equal in both directions
net force
the sum of all the forces acting on an object
inertia
the tendency of an object with mass to resist a change in motion
kinetic theory of matter
the theory which states that all matter is made up of small particles which are in constant random motion
phase change
the transformation of matter between solid, liquid, and gas
A box moves to the right along a rough, wooden surface. In which direction does the box experience a frictional force?
to the left
Pirates drag a treasure chest to the left across a sandy beach. In which direction does the treasure chest experience a frictional force, and why?
to the right
At what point are two objects said to be at thermal equilibrium with each other?
when their temperatures are equal
