International Business Module 3

The most obvious and distancing cultural distinction associated with international business is ______.

language

True or false: According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, relationship with time in high-context cultures tends to focus on the present.

FALSE

Which of the following is the oldest of the major world religions?

Hinduism

Which religion focuses on living a life according to God's will, which is revealed through the Qur'an?

Islam

Which of the following are included in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's values framework?

Relationship to nature Relationships among people Evaluation of human nature Modes of human activity

Which of the following is an attribute of high-context cultures?

The culture strongly distinguishes between insiders and outsiders.

Which one of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of culture on leadership?

The role, function, and traits of leaders vary by culture.

In which country does transparency and price drive the procurement process?

United States

Theory ________ assumes that people do not like work, require structure, and avoid risk.

X

The sense of beauty and taste within a culture is known as its

aesthetics

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, orientation for human activity in a high context culture values ______.

being

People in highly ______ cultures belong to strong, cohesive in-groups that look after them in exchange for loyalty.

collectivistic

Which of the following are attributes of high-context cultures?

long-term relationships more internalized understandings of what is communicated knowledge is situational or relational

In _____ cultures, work relationships carry over to other areas of life and influence them.

diffuse

Actions are considered ______ if they are linear and follow one another.

monochronic

What is the first step international business managers must take in order to live, work, and meet business goals in other cultures?

Accept that other cultures are different.

Which of the following would be included in Edward Hall's definition of context in a culture's communication?

Helen will do her presentation after Connor but before Jeremy. Tyler started his speech at the back of the room and moved toward the front as he finished. Liam slumped over the podium as he gave his presentation.

Which of the following should be kept in mind while analyzing cultural frameworks?

One's own culture functions as an implicit reference point for comparison. Analyzing cultural frameworks is only the beginning of understanding the complexity of cultures.

Which of the following would be common in a normative society?

a strong desire to explain the absolute truth high concern for personal stability respect for tradition

Individuals in ______ cultures tend to be emotional or expressive.

affective

Based on Trompenaars's dimensions, which cultures plan, anticipate, and see a better world evolving?

future-focused

______ cultures consider who a person is in terms of his or her family lineage, age, or other attributes.

Ascription

____________ can be understood as the individual world views, social rules, and interpersonal dynamics characterizing a group of people set in a particular time and place.

Culture

The human-made objects created by a culture are called _____________ culture, or artifacts.

material

The supreme being associated with Hinduism is _____.

Brahman

Which of these religions believes that a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth is the cause of human suffering?

Buddhism

Which religion was founded in India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama?

Buddhism

Which of the following nations demonstrate a specific rather than a diffuse culture?

Canada Australia Germany

According to the tenets of _____, all who profess their faith in the Resurrection of Jesus will be received into heaven after death.

Christianity

Which religion has many denominations and shares a belief that there is one God who is revealed through human history?

Christianity

Which of the following statements are true of the command-and-control approach to accounting procedures?

Controls are administered by formal institutions. Compliance is gained through rules and sanctions.

Which of the following characterize indulgent cultures?

Freedom of speech is valued. People believe they have personal control over their lives. Leisure is valued.

Which of the following are criticisms of Hofstede's cultural dimension framework?

His dimensions oversimplify the complexities of culture. His data are dated. His work was done at the organizational level.

The Tanak is the scripture for which religion?

Judaism

Which religion believes that God made a covenant to protect its adherents as long as they continue to believe in and worship in God?

Judaism

Which of the following are rules of thumb for doing business across cultures?

Manners are important. Be prepared. Slow down.

Which of the following countries have a strong uncertainty avoidance culture?

South Korea Japan Greece

Which of the following countries are examples of feminine cultures?

Sweden Denmark Costa Rica

Which of the following are associated with the anthropologist's view of culture?

The various aspects of culture are interrelated. Culture is shared, patterned, and mutually constructed. Culture defines the boundaries of different groups.

Which of the following are attributes of a low-context culture?

There is a division of responsibilities. Knowledge is more often transferable. People play by external rules.

When Milli explained to a France-based company that her U.S.-based firm would provide all of the necessary financial documentation to prove its worth, she was taken aback when the French company said they would prefer to know who the treasurer of her company was for the past ten years. This example shows how culture can affect the _____ area of a company.

accounting

The social institutions formed by free associations are based on which three of the following?

age gender common interest

Based on Trompenaars's framework, cultures that practice ________ plan their actions with reference to group benefits.

communitarianism

Kylie told the marketing team that it wouldn't make sense to try and market their company's new frozen meal product line in parts of South Africa because the consumers didn't have electricity, much less refrigeration. Kylie is demonstrating

cultural awareness

Natalie knew her company could sell its bicycles in England, but she wanted her marketing team to learn more about how consumers in England use bicycles: Do they ride them to work, or do they ride bicycles just for pleasure? What aspect of marketing is Natalie concerned with?

culture

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's orientation for human activity classification ranges along a continuum from _________.

doing to being

Jordan moved from the United States and took a job at a company based in China. He was always trying to get his co-workers in China to discuss their personal feelings regarding corporate decisions, but they were reluctant to do so because such conversations were not typical of their culture. Jordan's behavior is an example of _____.

ethnocentricity

What term is given to the belief that your own culture is superior to other cultures?

ethnocentricity

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's evaluation of human nature classification ranges along a continuum from:

good to evil

Leslie decided to hire Patricia for the job because her assistant is Patricia's aunt, and Patricia's aunt knows that Patricia will be able to do the job. Which social institution played a role in the hiring of Patricia?

kinship

Michael was promoted to senior vice president last week, and he will be moving to a larger office on the upper floors of the company's building. His co-workers are impressed that he is "moving up." This example shows how spatial relationships are a part of

nonverbal communication

Cultural ________ are contradictions in a culture's values.

paradox

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's relationship with time classification ranges along a continuum from:

past to present/future

A ____________ culture is more likely to multitask.

polychronic

In ______ cultures, it is common to have several different meetings happen at the same time in order to solve a problem.

polychronic

Which of Hofstede's dimensions analyzes the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is?

power distance

During his business trip from the United States to India, Garrison realizes that it is off-putting for him to stand too close to his business associates in India. Which aspect of nonverbal communication is Garrison noticing?

space

The United States is considered a __________ (specific/diffuse) culture because people make distinctions between their work relationships and other relationships

specific

Islam comes from an Arabic word meaning _____.

submitting

True or false: According to the anthropologist's view, culture is a learned phenomenon.

true

Gift giving in international business develops a social bond with the hope that it will eventually lead to ____________ between the giver and recipient.

trust

Hofstede's dimension of _____ describes a society's level of comfort in unstructured situations.

uncertainty avoidance

Which of the following were Hofstede's original four cultural dimensions?

uncertainty avoidance masculinity-femininity individualism-collectivism power distance

According to Trompenaars, which culture tends to be rule-based and applies those rules to all people in all situations?

universalist

Hofstede developed his framework based on his interest in work _____.

values

Which of the following tools help managers manage the cultural differences they identify within a group?

Map-Bridge-Integrate model

Which of the following are characteristics of small-power-distance cultures?

There is equal distance among people. Informality is the norm. A consultative style of leadership predominates.

Which of the following are characteristics of feminine cultures?

There is less variation between male roles and female roles. Quality of work life is important. Environmental issues matter.

Which of the following are cultural frameworks?

Trompenaars's seven dimensions Edward Hall's high context and low context Hofstede's six dimensions Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural orientation

Gavin was recently named president of a financial institution on Wall Street in New York, where he has worked for the past 22 years. During his career, he has developed financial strategies that helped small companies strengthen their financial holdings. He is recognized by his peers as a leader in the financial industry. This scenario exemplifies the _____ culture described by Trompenaars.

achievement

What should a cultural learning program for international managers include?

anticipating that other cultures may be ethnocentric training in sensitivity to cultural differences factual knowledge about the other culture

Natalie planned to purchase Belgian chocolate during her visit to Brussels because Belgian chocolate has a worldwide reputation for quality. The chocolate Natalie plans to purchase is an example of a(n) _____.

artifact

What are two characteristics of a past-focused culture?

based on history and tradition slow to change

In ______ direction cultures, people believe the natural world controls them.

external

Jason believes that the best way to achieve higher production levels is to reward those employees who increase their output with a bonus in their paycheck. This example demonstrates an ________________ direction toward the environment.

external

True or false: Hofstede's cultural dimensions support the idea that a management technique that is appropriate in one national culture is generally appropriate in another.

false

True or false: In low context cultures, people use body language and facial expressions to convey meaning.

false

True or false: Many of the dimensions that Trompenaars uses for his framework cannot be directly observed.

false

True or false: Practices related to gift giving are generally the same from one culture to the next.

false

The _________ is the basic unit of institutions based on kinship.

family

A culture's aesthetics are expressed most intentionally in _______

folklore art drama music

After reading a Facebook post about harmful chemicals being used to make vegetables grow faster, thousands of people are protesting by refusing to purchase produce grown by suppliers that use the chemicals. These consumers are an example of a social institution formed by _________.

free association

A ______________ mind-set includes an openness to diversity along with an ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by that diversity.

global

In _______________ (high/low) context cultures, the unspoken language is used intensively to convey significant, intentional meanin

high

Cultural values play key roles in motivating and evaluating employees. This statement is an example of culture affecting which business function?

human resources

Jensen was surprised to learn that the company to which she was applying hires only graduates from Ivy League schools. This example demonstrates how culture can impact _____ in business.

human resources

Trompenaars's dimension of _______ indicates whether people plan their actions with reference to themselves or to the group.

individualism vs. communitarianism

People who live in the United States are rewarded for being independent. The United States is an example of a(n)

individualistic culture

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, relationships among individuals in a low context culture tend to focus on ______.

individuals

There is nothing as important as _______________ (finances/language) in distinguishing one culture or subculture from another.

language

A person's age, rank, and title are taken into account more in a _______ (large/small) power-distance culture.

large

in _________ context cultures, the words contain most of the communication, and the context is relatively less significant.

low

Which aspect of the MBI model occurs when cultural differences are identified within a group?

mapping

Hofstede's _________________ dimension describes the distribution of roles between the sexes.

masculinity ; femininity

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's relationship with nature classification ranges along a continuum from:

mastery to subjugation

Low-context cultures tend to be ______, which means they characterize time as linear, tangible, and divisible into blocks.

monochronic

When Shawna was transferred from the U.S.-based office to the affiliate in Britain, she quickly realized that showing emotions was frowned upon. Which of Trompenaars's dimensions does Shawna's experience reflect?

neutral vs. affective

is the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is.

power distance

In ______ societies, the challenge is to live a virtuous life, and truth depends on context, time, and situation.

pragmatic

When Kevin's US-based company purchased a manufacturing facility in China, the company decided to increase the output of the facility by adding an overnight shift. The workers refused to work the overnight hours and eventually the US owner agreed to return to a regular work schedule and output levels dropped. Which aspect of business is being affected by culture?

production

Which of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientations relates to society's beliefs about the legitimate form of social structure and hierarchy?

relationships among individulas

Which cultural dimension suggests that society extends much energy establishing order and structure?

restraint

Which of the following are included in an anthropologist's definition of culture? (Check all that apply.)

rules beliefs artifacts

Kendrick was surprised when the vendor from a Japan-based company called him and said they were not interested in doing business with Kendrick's U.S. manufacturing facility. The vendor explained that they'd had only had one discussion with Kendrick on the phone, and it was not sufficient to establish a relationship. What rule of thumb did Kendrick fail to consider?

slow down

What is the basis for Trompenaars's seven-dimension framework for understanding culture?

social sciences

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, a ______ relationship with nature would suggest that humans cannot change nature, that forces such as fate and genetics determine the conditions of life.

subjugated

Edward Hall's cultural framework is based upon ______.

the context of the communication pattern

A(n) ______ culture tends to be rule-based, while ______ cultures tend to be relationship-based.

universalist, particularist