Intro To Business Chapter 10

The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing ______ and information throughout the organization.

communication

When asked in a survey their reason for changing jobs:

more participants listed lack of appreciation

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ______ employees around the world.

motivate, manage, or reward

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ______.

motivation

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ______.

motivation

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the ______.

Internet

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory ______ manager.

X

McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ______ about workers' attitudes toward work.

assumptions or assumption

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) ______ reward.

intrinsic

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:

naturally like to work

Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z expect change to be the main ______ in their lives.

constant

While not motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause ______.

dissatisfaction or discontent

Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:

empowerment

Vroom's motivation theory states that the amount of effort that employees exert on a specific task is based on their ______ of the outcome.

expectation or expectations

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:

Frederick Taylor

The "Principles of Scientific Management" was written by:

Frederick Taylor

Which management theory uses time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method?

Taylor's Scientific Management

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:

father

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

______ theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward.

Expectancy or Vroom's

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ______ to solve problems and meet objectives.

autonomy, freedom, control, or authority

Rewarding ______ ______ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.

baby boomer

Match the generation to the birth years listed.

1. Baby boomer - 1946-1964 2. Generation X - 1965-1980 3. Generation Y (Millennial) - 1980-1995 4. Generation Z - 1995-2009

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

Equity

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic reward

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of:

a time-motion study

While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture.

high, low

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers ______ work.

like or enjoy

Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early Twentieth century.

productivity or efficiency

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called ______ ______ ______.

(management or M) (by or B) (objectives or O)

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:

Gen X

______ - ______ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

Goal Setting

To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

Which is not an element of scientific management?

Human factors

Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

Job security

Herzberg studied the relationship between:

motivation and job-related factors

Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and ______ in order to benefit both the firm and workers.

productivity

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called ______ ______.

scientific management

Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the ______ needed for each is time-motion study.

time

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies.

time-motion

A culture that focuses on building personal relationships and ______ before focusing on tasks is a high-context culture.

trust

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

- To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation - To monitor the results of implementing goals - To reward the accomplishment of organization goals

Taylor's method was to:

- determine the one "best" way - teach people the one best way to do their jobs - study the most efficient way to do a task

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type ______ management is achievement oriented.

A

According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type ______ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.

A

Gen X managers recognize the need to balance ______ and life needs.

work

Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the ______ to control their own work.

autonomy, authority, or freedom

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of

scientific management

The elements of scientific management include:

- method - rules of work - time

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)

motivator

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theorists?

- Abraham Maslow - Frederick Herzberg

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:

- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - Henry L. Gantt

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

- Increase worker productivity - Benefit the firm - Benefit the worker

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

- Individual decision making - Rapid promotion

Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers?

- McGregor's Theory Y - McGregor's Theory X

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

- People like to work. - People seek responsibility.

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.

- Workers are motivated by fear and punishment - Workers prefer to avoid responsibility

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

- allowing autonomy - developing workers' skills - respecting workers

Equity theory states that employees:

- compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions - try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it - perceptions of fairness affect motivation

Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:

- familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world - that generations have different cultures - understanding of different cultures within a country

When using MBO, a manager must

- formulate goals cooperatively with employees - develop commitment to goals

Which of the following factors are part of the job environment, but do not motivate workers?

- friendly supervisors - job security - pay

Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:

- having been raised by indulgent parents - having cell phones - always having the Internet in their world

During the second set of Hawthorne Experiments,

- researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results - researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity - productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

Gen X managers understand that:

- results are more important than hours spent in the workplace - flexibility and consensus building work well - there is more to life than work

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

- setting goals with the employee - rewarding employee accomplishments

Gen X managers generally:

- value results rather than hours at work - give employees good feedback - are good at allowing workers to have autonomy to get the job done

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:

Frederick Herzberg

"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by ______ ______.

Frederick Taylor

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time-motion

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward

Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create ______ security.

career

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ______ throughout an organization.

communication

The goal of time motion studies is to increase ______.

efficiency

Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with ______ because they want more of it themselves.

feedback

Management by objectives means that managers:

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.

increased or higher

The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.

increased or higher

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

A(n) ______ - ______ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.

time motion

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as:

wishing to avoid responsibility