Intro To Business Chapter 10
The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing ______ and information throughout the organization.
communication
When asked in a survey their reason for changing jobs:
more participants listed lack of appreciation
Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ______ employees around the world.
motivate, manage, or reward
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ______.
motivation
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ______.
motivation
Millennials generally don't remember a time without the ______.
Internet
Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory ______ manager.
X
McGregor's theory states that managers motivate workers based on the manager's ______ about workers' attitudes toward work.
assumptions or assumption
The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an example of a(n) ______ reward.
intrinsic
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:
naturally like to work
Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z expect change to be the main ______ in their lives.
constant
While not motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause ______.
dissatisfaction or discontent
Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:
empowerment
Vroom's motivation theory states that the amount of effort that employees exert on a specific task is based on their ______ of the outcome.
expectation or expectations
Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:
Frederick Taylor
The "Principles of Scientific Management" was written by:
Frederick Taylor
Which management theory uses time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method?
Taylor's Scientific Management
Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?
They focus on career security and change jobs to find it
Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:
no longer motivate
Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:
father
More people leave their jobs for:
opportunities to advance their careers
______ theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward.
Expectancy or Vroom's
Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ______ to solve problems and meet objectives.
autonomy, freedom, control, or authority
Rewarding ______ ______ employees for following the rules while rewarding younger workers like Millennials for changing them is an effective way to apply motivation strategy to workers of differing generations.
baby boomer
Match the generation to the birth years listed.
1. Baby boomer - 1946-1964 2. Generation X - 1965-1980 3. Generation Y (Millennial) - 1980-1995 4. Generation Z - 1995-2009
Frederick Taylor wrote:
The Principles of Scientific Management
______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
Equity
Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?
Intrinsic reward
Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of:
a time-motion study
While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a ______ context culture and the U.S. is a ______ context culture.
high, low
An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers ______ work.
like or enjoy
Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early Twentieth century.
productivity or efficiency
A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called ______ ______ ______.
(management or M) (by or B) (objectives or O)
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
Equity
True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".
False
The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:
Gen X
______ - ______ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.
Goal Setting
To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?
Herzberg's higher-level motivators
Which is not an element of scientific management?
Human factors
Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?
Job security
Herzberg studied the relationship between:
motivation and job-related factors
Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and ______ in order to benefit both the firm and workers.
productivity
Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called ______ ______.
scientific management
Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the ______ needed for each is time-motion study.
time
Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ______ studies.
time-motion
A culture that focuses on building personal relationships and ______ before focusing on tasks is a high-context culture.
trust
What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?
- To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation - To monitor the results of implementing goals - To reward the accomplishment of organization goals
Taylor's method was to:
- determine the one "best" way - teach people the one best way to do their jobs - study the most efficient way to do a task
According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type ______ management is achievement oriented.
A
According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type ______ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.
A
Gen X managers recognize the need to balance ______ and life needs.
work
Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the ______ to control their own work.
autonomy, authority, or freedom
The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of
scientific management
The elements of scientific management include:
- method - rules of work - time
According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)
motivator
The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:
the findings were used to set standards and goals
Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theorists?
- Abraham Maslow - Frederick Herzberg
Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - Henry L. Gantt
What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?
- Increase worker productivity - Benefit the firm - Benefit the worker
According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?
- Individual decision making - Rapid promotion
Which of the following is about a manager's attitudes and assumptions about workers?
- McGregor's Theory Y - McGregor's Theory X
Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.
- People like to work. - People seek responsibility.
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.
- Workers are motivated by fear and punishment - Workers prefer to avoid responsibility
To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:
- allowing autonomy - developing workers' skills - respecting workers
Equity theory states that employees:
- compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions - try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it - perceptions of fairness affect motivation
Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:
- familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world - that generations have different cultures - understanding of different cultures within a country
When using MBO, a manager must
- formulate goals cooperatively with employees - develop commitment to goals
Which of the following factors are part of the job environment, but do not motivate workers?
- friendly supervisors - job security - pay
Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:
- having been raised by indulgent parents - having cell phones - always having the Internet in their world
During the second set of Hawthorne Experiments,
- researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results - researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity - productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions
Gen X managers understand that:
- results are more important than hours spent in the workplace - flexibility and consensus building work well - there is more to life than work
The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:
- setting goals with the employee - rewarding employee accomplishments
Gen X managers generally:
- value results rather than hours at work - give employees good feedback - are good at allowing workers to have autonomy to get the job done
Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?
Sense of achievement
Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?
Drucker's Goal-setting theory
The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:
Frederick Herzberg
"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by ______ ______.
Frederick Taylor
What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?
Time-motion
Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:
amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome
The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:
an intrinsic reward
Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create ______ security.
career
Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ______ throughout an organization.
communication
The goal of time motion studies is to increase ______.
efficiency
Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with ______ because they want more of it themselves.
feedback
Management by objectives means that managers:
include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated
The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.
increased or higher
The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in ______ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.
increased or higher
The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions
A(n) ______ - ______ study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use.
time motion
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as:
wishing to avoid responsibility