Intro to Criminal Justice Final Exam
Both crime and the prison population have decreased over the last twenty years.
False
Inmates in administrative maximum security prisons are generally housed in dormitory-like settings.
False
Juveniles who commit violent crimes or who have prior records are most likely to be kept in the juvenile court system.
False
Most sexual aggressors in prison consider themselves homosexuals.
False
Prisoners sentenced for murder were the single largest group of federal inmates.
False
Split sentencing is the practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and enacting such release in a surprise fashion.
False
Most people sentenced to federal prison have been convicted of _______ crimes.
drug
Women account for ____ of all corrections officers.
20%
In both shock probation and split sentencing, the offender serves a relatively short period of time in custody and is released on probation by court order.
True
Most state prisoners lack a high school diploma.
True
Juvenile courts across the country are becoming increasingly similar to _______ courts.
adult criminal
Teasing, social exclusion, and public or private humiliation are all components of __________.
bullying
Most states use a(n) ____________ system to assign inmates to custody levels.
classification
To avoid the lasting stigma of criminality, the law applied the term ________ rather than "criminal" to young adjudicated offenders.
delinquent
All death row inmates are held in ________ prisons.
maximum security
Which of the following is NOT a cause of prison riots?
multiple treatment opportunities for inmates
A child who has not been receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care from his or her parents or guardians is a _______ child.
neglected
An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives, is called a ________ institution.
total
Many sexual aggressors in prison must continue to participate in gang rapes because they ________.
want to avoid becoming victims themselves
A mixed sentence is a sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency.
True
America's prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980.
True
_________ is the highest level of security within the federal prison system.
Administrative maximum
A juvenile who commits a status offense has also committed a crime.
False
A neglected child is a child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if the child were an adult.
False
The majority of states in the U.S. define a child subject to juvenile court jurisdiction as a person who has not yet turned 21 years of age.
False
The majority of the prisons in the U.S. are in the federal system.
False
Working as a probation or parole officer is attractive because of the small caseloads and several opportunities for career mobility.
False
A child that is beyond parental control is labeled as _______.
undisciplined
What is the name of the jail strategy that joins "pod architecture" with a participative, proactive management philosophy?
Direct supervision
Which statement is not accurate concerning the federal probation system?
It monitors the house arrest program.
An emphasis on individual responsibility and the punishment of offenders is an example of the ______ model of imprisonment.
Justice
________ is the philosophical principle in which the state is the "higher or ultimate parent" of a juvenile.
Parens Patriae
Which Supreme Court case held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself cruel and unusual punishment?
Rhodes v. Chapman
________ seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals with the goal of removing them from society.
Selective incapacitation
_______ may be mandated by a judge who feels that the probationer is in need of particular guidance or control.
Special conditions
Inmates bringing their values, roles, and behavior patterns from the outside world is called?
importation model
Alternative sentencing which employ sentences that fall somewhere between outright imprisonment and probationary release is called ________.
intermediate sanctions
Jail overcrowding is not necessarily dangerous if ________ is/are adequate.
other prison services
A ________ grants parole based on the members' judgment and assessment.
parole board
The majority of crimes committed by juveniles can be classified as _________.
personal crimes
Female inmates are prone to sexual misconduct between inmates and ______.
prison staff
A sentence served while under supervision in the community is the definition of ___________.
probation
Prisons in this country were originally built for the purpose of ___________ and as an alternative to the corporal punishments of earlier times.
rehabilitation
Children who purchase cigarettes, break curfew, or are truant are considered __________.
status offenders
The landmark decision which separated juveniles from entering adult criminal courts is called _______.
the Illinois Juvenile Court Act