Intro to Criminal Justice Final Exam

Both crime and the prison population have decreased over the last twenty years.

False

Inmates in administrative maximum security prisons are generally housed in dormitory-like settings.

False

Juveniles who commit violent crimes or who have prior records are most likely to be kept in the juvenile court system.

False

Most sexual aggressors in prison consider themselves homosexuals.

False

Prisoners sentenced for murder were the single largest group of federal inmates.

False

Split sentencing is the practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and enacting such release in a surprise fashion.

False

Most people sentenced to federal prison have been convicted of _______ crimes.

drug

Women account for ____ of all corrections officers.

20%

In both shock probation and split sentencing, the offender serves a relatively short period of time in custody and is released on probation by court order.

True

Most state prisoners lack a high school diploma.

True

Juvenile courts across the country are becoming increasingly similar to _______ courts.

adult criminal

Teasing, social exclusion, and public or private humiliation are all components of __________.

bullying

Most states use a(n) ____________ system to assign inmates to custody levels.

classification

To avoid the lasting stigma of criminality, the law applied the term ________ rather than "criminal" to young adjudicated offenders.

delinquent

All death row inmates are held in ________ prisons.

maximum security

Which of the following is NOT a cause of prison riots?

multiple treatment opportunities for inmates

A child who has not been receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care from his or her parents or guardians is a _______ child.

neglected

An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives, is called a ________ institution.

total

Many sexual aggressors in prison must continue to participate in gang rapes because they ________.

want to avoid becoming victims themselves

A mixed sentence is a sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency.

True

America's prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980.

True

_________ is the highest level of security within the federal prison system.

Administrative maximum

A juvenile who commits a status offense has also committed a crime.

False

A neglected child is a child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if the child were an adult.

False

The majority of states in the U.S. define a child subject to juvenile court jurisdiction as a person who has not yet turned 21 years of age.

False

The majority of the prisons in the U.S. are in the federal system.

False

Working as a probation or parole officer is attractive because of the small caseloads and several opportunities for career mobility.

False

A child that is beyond parental control is labeled as _______.

undisciplined

What is the name of the jail strategy that joins "pod architecture" with a participative, proactive management philosophy?

Direct supervision

Which statement is not accurate concerning the federal probation system?

It monitors the house arrest program.

An emphasis on individual responsibility and the punishment of offenders is an example of the ______ model of imprisonment.

Justice

________ is the philosophical principle in which the state is the "higher or ultimate parent" of a juvenile.

Parens Patriae

Which Supreme Court case held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself cruel and unusual punishment?

Rhodes v. Chapman

________ seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals with the goal of removing them from society.

Selective incapacitation

_______ may be mandated by a judge who feels that the probationer is in need of particular guidance or control.

Special conditions

Inmates bringing their values, roles, and behavior patterns from the outside world is called?

importation model

Alternative sentencing which employ sentences that fall somewhere between outright imprisonment and probationary release is called ________.

intermediate sanctions

Jail overcrowding is not necessarily dangerous if ________ is/are adequate.

other prison services

A ________ grants parole based on the members' judgment and assessment.

parole board

The majority of crimes committed by juveniles can be classified as _________.

personal crimes

Female inmates are prone to sexual misconduct between inmates and ______.

prison staff

A sentence served while under supervision in the community is the definition of ___________.

probation

Prisons in this country were originally built for the purpose of ___________ and as an alternative to the corporal punishments of earlier times.

rehabilitation

Children who purchase cigarettes, break curfew, or are truant are considered __________.

status offenders

The landmark decision which separated juveniles from entering adult criminal courts is called _______.

the Illinois Juvenile Court Act