Intro to mass media final exams
The Chinese media system is a hybrid of both the U.S. and British systems.
false
Anything that interferes with successful communication is said to be
noise
Clandestine broadcast stations flourished the most during what period in history?
the Cold War years
merchandise tie in
the linking of consumer products, such as toys and hamburgers, with popular movies is called
oldest national newspaper
Wall Street journal
pandora and Spotify are examples of
bit casters
Radio Caroline and Radio Veronica are examples of:
pirate stations
What term refers to the mixing of specific branded products into media content for a fee?
product placement
bitcasters
"radio stations" that can be accessed only over the World Wide Web
Marshall mcluhan
- global village = we are becoming increasingly involved in each other's lives, across nations- media is an extension of our bodies (Internet = central nervous system, TV = eyes, etc.)
Opt-in
- the idea that sites should have to get our permission before they collect and disseminate our personal data - "we have the right to be forgotten and have our data deleted forever"
opt out
- the idea that websites should provide us with that security (Consumer privacy bill of rights) only if we specifically ask for it.
pirate broadcast station
-llegally operated stations broadcasting from offshore or foreign facilities -Unlike their politically motivated clandestine counterparts, these stations were well subsidized by advertisers and record companies Wolfman Jack-XERF, Mexico
The cultural impact of Gutenberg's printing press was that:
1. written communication became available to the masses 2. new ideas spread throughout culture at a faster rate 3. history could be preserved
In what year did RCA make the first true public demonstration of television?Multiple Choice
1939
book blocked
Block Booked is a system of selling multiple films to a theater as a unit or group, versus individually. It was eventually outlawed in 1948.
In-Band-On-Channel
Digital radio technology that uses digital compression to shrink digital and analog signals allowing both to occupy the same frequency
What is the platform rollout approach?
Distributors open a movie on a few screens and hope that early reviews will propel it to success.
Saturday Evening Post folded after TV
False- folded because of specialization
"global village" - Marshall McLuhan
Global village was popularized by Marshall McLuhan He refers to the 'shrinking' of the world through electronic communication-coming closer together as a common culture
Time media writer James Poniewozik claims that the global village is the new cold war between
Hollywood/Mickey D's and every other world culture
Pirate Stations
Illegally operated radio stations broadcasting to English audiences from offshore or foreign facilities during the 1960s were called:
Marshall McLuhan argued that the advent of print was the key to our modern consciousness. What did he mean?
It allowed literacy to become available to everyone.
Why is shortwave radio well suited for long-distance transmissions?
Its high frequencies easily and efficiently skip off of the ionosphere and produce waves that can travel vast distances.
Perhaps the most important event in the history of communication over the past 1000 years oin 1446 was the invention of the printing process by?
Johannes Guttenberg
First commercial radio station
KDKA in Pittsburgh
What is one way mass communication differs from other forms of communication?
Mass communication involves not just one message but many identical messages.
In what way do the new digital technologies promise increased audience fragmentation?
Media content can now be personalized to a single person's interests.
What type of software allows users to directly share digital content and bypass centralized servers?
P2P
Cable can trace its roots to 1948 in
Pennsylvania
Who are digital natives?
People who have never known the world without an Internet.
What was a major difference between pirate stations and earlier clandestine stations?
Pirate stations were subsidized by advertisers and record companies.
greenlight
Promotion is such a big part of the financial success of a movie that many studios include advertising and marketing people in the _____________ process--that is, the decision to make a picture in the first place.
1939 World Fair
RCA made the first true public demonstration of TV in the form of regularly scheduled 2 hour NBC broadcasts
vertical integration
The control of a films' production, distribution, and exhibition by a movie studio is called
How does most of the noise in the mass communication process result from our own consumption behavior?
We often consume media at the same time we are doing other things and do not give it our full attention.
a limited edition ice cream flavor with characters from "Hedgie Love" on the carton
Which of following is an example of merchandise tie-in?
Where are the most important stories placed on the front page of newspapers?
above the fold and to the left
A clandestine broadcast operation that operates outside the region into which it transmits is
an exogenous station
McLuhan's global village
as media shrinks the world, people become more involved in each others lives; people build relationships with others separated by distance.
the idea that audience for mass media is increasingly less mass refers to?
audience fragmentation
very specific radio station formats aimed at quite specific audiences are examples of?
audience fragmentation
Wolfman Jack
best known for his work as an on-air disc jockey - especially when he crossed the border to Mexico and broadcast from a pirate radio station, XERF.
Which of the following was true after the Paramount Decision of 1948?
block booking was ruled illegal
One of Lee DeForest's major contributions to the history of radio was the development and popularization of the use of radio for
broadcasting
Magazines price advertising space in their pages according to their
circulation
The total number of issues of a magazine that are sold is known as
circulation
what sets advertising rates
circulation
Illegal or unlicensed broadcast operations frequently operated by revolutionary groups or intelligence agencies for political purposes.
clandelstine station
Atlantic Station and Soldiers' Radio Calais posed as official stations operated by the German army, transmitting false reports to confuse the enemy. These were ______ stations.
clandestine
A story that is written primarily to attract readers to a website and boost the site's traffic revenue, as opposed to being genuinely informative, is known as
click bait
During what conflict did clandestine broadcasting truly flower?
cold war
Which of the following is best described as "the process of creating shared meaning"?
communication
the transmission of a message from a source to a receiver
communication
The study of different countries' mass media systems is called:
comparative analysis
disney's purchase of captial cities/abc is an example of?
concentration of media ownership
The ownership of 90% of the media in the U.S. by only six companies is known as
concentration of ownership
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon of the ownership of media companies becoming increasingly concentrated in fewer and fewer hands?
concentration of ownership
Magazine circulation comes in the form of subscription, single-copy sales, and
controlled circulation
What is it called when a magazine is provided at no cost to readers who meet some specific set of advertiser-attractive criteria?
controlled circulation
What is it called when a magazine is provided at no cost to readers who meet some specific set of advertisers-attractive criteria
controlled circulation
The fact that you can now use your cell phone to access a New York Times news story and view an accompanying video is an example of
convergence
_________________ Allows magazines to now be online as well as printed.
convergence
Communication involves an ongoing and reciprocal process among all participants. The step in the process in which the recipient interprets the message is:
decoding
The American Academy of Pediatrics is concerned that the intensity of the online world experienced by preteens and teens who spend a great deal of time on social media sites can trigger Facebook
depression
digital divide
describes the lack of technological access among specific groups of Americans (controversial)
McLuhan noted that a global village would guarantee
disagreement
What is the name for books downloaded in electronic form from the Internet to computers, dedicated readers, or mobile digital devices?
ebooks
Some media professionals defend concentration and conglomeration because they point out that as the size of an operation grows, the cost of its output declines. What is this known as?
economies of scale
Disintermediation
elimination of gatekeepers between artists and audiences
When a message is transformed into an understandable sign and symbol system, the process is referred to as
encoding
the mighty ducks- the movies, the cartoon show, and the hockey team- are a example of?
erosion of distinctions among media
Recent declines in DVD sales and rentals are the direct result of the growth of ________, the buying and selling of digital movies.
est
McLuhan believed that in the global village people would
exchange ideas
One of the three component systems in the movie industry, ______ is the component that the average person encounters by going to the local multiplex to see a movie.
exhibition
online magazines categorized two ways
existing magazines, and online only
FreeNK is an example of a(n)
exogenous station
Consumer Reports has one of the highest advertising revenue incomes in the industry because of its useful reports on consumer products.
false
Convergence refers of the collecting of converging of many media companies into a few large corporations?
false
IBOC is a form of web radio
false
IBOC is one form of web radio
false
More people listen to AM radio than FM radio.
false
The ethnic press—for example, African-American, Latino, and Native-American newspapers—is a very recent development from the past 50 years.
false
When a professor lectures to a large class of students, this is an example of mass communicaiton?
false
the Chinese media system is a hybrid of both the us and British system
false
Lucielle Ball
filmed in front of a large audience with 3 simultaneously running FILM cameras where it could be edited to produce the best shotproduction in Hollywoodfilmed reruns were now possiblemore action and more flash on sceneweekly series could be produced relatively quickly and inexpensively
niche programming
focusing on select demographics
The explanation of how individuals make media and content choices based on expectations of reward and effort required is the
fraction of selection
Which term describes what happens when audience members weigh the level of reward they expect from a given medium against how much effort they must make to secure that reward?
fraction of selection
the ownership of several major US media corporations by foreign companies is an example of?
globalization of media
Short wave radio
how europeans connected with colonies is Asia Africa Middle East
clandestine stations
illegal or unlicensed broadcast operations frequently operated by revolutionary groups or intelligence agencies for political purposes-sent false reports
expanded basic cable
in cable television, a second, somewhat more expensive level of subscription
surveillance capitalisme
in summary, is the use of personal data or information for a company to make a profit. In other words, a company making money by selling your personal information.
2 types of clandestine stations
indigenious exogenous
Television executives can wait days or weeks for the ratings of new programs. This is an example of _____ feedback.
inferential
fair use
instances in which copyrighted material may be used without permission or payment
Ongoing and reciprocal messages are characteristic of
interpersonal communication.
Napster
is an older online platform where people would upload music and illegally share it.
The iBook, the first e-reader, was released in 2006. Which of the following statements is true of it today?
it is no longer manufactured
Which of the following is true about the New York Sun?
it was a penny press newspaper
You read an article about an American presidential candidate's trip to England. The headline is large and the article is on the right side of the front page. What is the precise placement and size of the article known as?
its production value
the ability to comprehend and use a given form of communication effectively and efficiently is?
literacy
the ability to comprehend and use written symbols effectively and efficiently is
literacy
The process of creating shared meaning between the mass media and their audiences is
mass communication
Many romance novels, diet books, and self-help books fall into which of the following Association of American Publishers categories?
mass market paperbacks
Books that are published only as paperbacks and are designed to appeal to a broad readership are called
mass paper backs
an understanding of and respect for the power of media messages, the developmetn of heightened expectations of media content, a knowledge of genre conventions, and the ability to recognize when conventions are being mixed are elements of?
media literacy
the ability to enjoy, understand, and appreciate media content- an understanding of media content as a text that provides insidght into our culture and our lives- an understanding of the ethical and moral obligations of media practitioners are elements of?
media literacy
When you simultaneously consume many different kinds of media, you are engaging in?
media multi-tasking
blockbuster mentality
modern filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and formulaic movies is called
What Johannes Gutenberg invention had a profound impact on communication around the world?
moveable metal type
One good way to close the digital divide is through
municipal broadband
It is common for websites to display different advertisements to each user, based on the user's search history. What is this an example of?
narrowcasting
The differences between the individual elements of interpersonal and mass communication change the ________ the communication process.
nature of
What is the term for the static on your cell phone that interferes with your ability to hear directions to a restaurant?
noise
the concentration of control of the media industries into ever smaller numbers of companies are?
oligopolies
When a media system's operation is dominated by a few large companies, a ___ is said to be in place.
oligopoly
Online magazines are categorized in two ways, as:
online editions of existing magazines and online-only magazines
When newspaper circulation figures include readers who did not originally buy the papers they read, they are said to include ________ readership.
pass along
P2P
peer to peer software that permits direct internet based communications or collabs between 2 or more pc's while bypassing centralized servers
Illegally operated radio stations that broadcast to British audience from outside of Great Britain in the 1960s were known as
pirate broadcasters
Illegally operated radio stations that broadcast to British audience outside of Great Britain in the 1960s were known as
pirate stations
The first commercials were heard on what type of broadcast stations in Great Britain?
pirate stations
General Motors pays the producers of the Transformers movies to feature its cars in each new release. This is an example of
product placement
first-run syndication
programming produced specifically for sale into syndication on a market-by-market basis producers keep 100% of the income
High frequencies reflect, or skip, off the ionosphere, producing sky waves that can travel vast distances.
radio, short wave
Syndications
sales of radio or tv content to stations on a market by market basis
finding information on internet is easy because of
search engines
What technology was used as early as the mid-1920s by the major European colonial powers to connect with their various colonies?
short wave radio
Which of the following directly led to the passage of the Radio Act of 1912?
sinking of titanic
Sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism are known as
soft news
What is the term for the lack of digital access among specific groups of Americans?
the digital divide
convergence
the erosions of distinction among media-the blurring of the traditional distinctions among media
The Amsterdam News in New York, which is aimed at African Americans, is an example of which of the following?
the ethnic press
basic cable
the lowest level of cable service that includes local broadcast stations
dataveillance
the massive collection and distillation of consumer data
impressions
the number of times an online ad appears in front of the user
With the turn of the nineteenth century, urbanization, growing industries, the movement of workers to the cities, and increasing literacy combined to create an audience for a new kind of paper, one in which the price per copy was very low but on which publishers could make a profit by selling advertising. These papers were known as
the penny press
The Radio Act of 1927 required that when a radio license was awarded, the standard of evaluation would be
the public interest, convenience, or necessity.
What is vertical integration?
the system in which a studio produces its own movie, distributes it itself, and exhibits it in its own theaters
How did Lucille Ball change the business of television?
the television industry moved from New York to Hollywood
Which of the following statements about British pirate broadcasters in the 1960s is true?
they were not politically motivated, similar to commercial radio stations today, 24 hours a day, subsidized by advertisers and record companies
At cable's inception, the primary goal of most cable television operations was
to improve the reception of distant signals.
What types of magazines carry stories, features, and ads aimed at people in specific professions and are distributed either by professional organizations or by media companies like Whittle Communications and Time Warner?
trade, professional and business magazines.
Aliteracy is a form of self-censorship.
true
Many cable channels—for example, Nickelodeon and A&E—prosper through their ability to deliver demographically narrow audiences to advertisers.
true
Nick and AE audience fragmentation more narrow
true
Supporters point to economies-of-scale in their defense of media concentration.
true
The Radio Act of 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission.
true
communication requires a sharing of meaning. true of false
true
many cable channels prosper through their ability to deliver demographically narrow audiences to advertisers. true or false?
true
supporters point to economies of scale in their defense of media concentration- true or false?
true
IBOC (in-band, on-channel)
used by am radio, didn't take off
audion tube
vacuum tube developed by DeForest that became the basic invention for all radio and television
During the 1930s, studios produced their own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters in a system known as
vertical integration
Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights
voluntary guidelines asking sites to place a "do not track" button on their web pages.
