Intro to Psych. Chapter 7 & 8
anal stage
18-36 months
phallic stage
3-6 gender identity
latency stage
7-puberty, dormant sexual feelings
Incongruence
According to the Humanistic perspective, when you you want to be does not match with what you believe others in the world want you to become you are experiencing
emotion first; followed by sensation from sympathetic system
Cannon-bard theory
reflex
Ex: blowing a puff of air into someone's eye and them closing it
drives
Ex: turning AC on when it's too hot in your apartment
genital stage
Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood
Feeling sensation first followed by emotion is an example of
James Lange Theory
High in openness and low in conscientiousness
Someone who is curious and openminded but unreliable and messy
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective
unconcious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
shrugging shoulders is an example of
an emblem
conscious
aware, and thinking about right now
operant behaviors
behaviors that are rewarded
oral stage
birth to 18 months
theory of emotion suggests that when you encounter a frightening situation you first feel the response like heart pounding
cannon-bard theory
affiliation
connecting with a group
competence
desire to be capable or in control
achievement
desire to excel
Theories of personality based on the fundamental assumption that personality is influenced by things outside of our control
determinism
a cultures expectations or regulations for when and how to express emotions are known as
display rules
consuming the same amount of calories expended in energy each day
energy balance
arousal
excitement
incentives
external push
The sight and smell of a delicious pizza would be
external signals
A person who is talkative and outgoing would be described as being high in which of the following traits
extraversion
Ex: when you are angry and stop yourself from saying a cuss word in front of your teacher is an example of
frontal cortex inhibiting your initial emotional reaction
Research in personality that focuses on the question "How does it work?"
function
trait perspective
genetics
According to the social-cognitive theory your personality arises from
how your behaviors, personal factors, and experiences interact with each other
superego
ideal, ethical, moral
Preconscious
in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness
modal action pattern
instinctive behaviors that occur over and over in every member of species
released by pancres
insulin
drives
internal push
levels of leptin and insulin would be considered ____ telling you whether or not to eat
internal signals
chemical signals released by fat cells; suppress appetite
leptin
Primary Reinforcers
love
People often say that Micah can be rude and selfish sometimes. He would be characterized as
low in agreeableness
behavior that occurs in the same fashion, time and time again in nearly every member of species
modal action patterns
neauroticism
moody, have anxiety, fear, anger, frustration
novelty
need for newness
peak experiences
one becomes so set on a task or activity that they get so set on it that they lose self awareness
Research in personality that focuses on the question "Where does it come from?" are interested in the ______ of personality.
origin
Yerkes-Dodson arousal curve
performance is best when arousals are at moderate levels
Humanistic perspective
person, behavior, and environment interaction
id
pleasure, impulsive, selfish
drive reduction
putting on a sweater when shivering from the cold
ego
reality,safety
social-cognitive perspective
realizing your potential
primary function of reticular formation
regulates sleep, wakefulness, and how alert or excited you feel
makes actions or behaviors that precede it more likely to happen in the future
reinforcement
Surveys, like the NEO-PI, that ask you questions about your personality as a way to try to observe or assess personality are known as
self report questionaries
learning from other peoples mistakes and not allowing yourself to make the same ones is an example of
social cognitive perspective
novelty
something new
two-factor theory
the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
metamotivation
the desire to grow beyond satisfying basic needs
Psychodynamic perspective
unconscious
Instincts
unlearned behaviors