Intro to Psych. Chapter 7 & 8

anal stage

18-36 months

phallic stage

3-6 gender identity

latency stage

7-puberty, dormant sexual feelings

Incongruence

According to the Humanistic perspective, when you you want to be does not match with what you believe others in the world want you to become you are experiencing

emotion first; followed by sensation from sympathetic system

Cannon-bard theory

reflex

Ex: blowing a puff of air into someone's eye and them closing it

drives

Ex: turning AC on when it's too hot in your apartment

genital stage

Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood

Feeling sensation first followed by emotion is an example of

James Lange Theory

High in openness and low in conscientiousness

Someone who is curious and openminded but unreliable and messy

extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective

unconcious

according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.

shrugging shoulders is an example of

an emblem

conscious

aware, and thinking about right now

operant behaviors

behaviors that are rewarded

oral stage

birth to 18 months

theory of emotion suggests that when you encounter a frightening situation you first feel the response like heart pounding

cannon-bard theory

affiliation

connecting with a group

competence

desire to be capable or in control

achievement

desire to excel

Theories of personality based on the fundamental assumption that personality is influenced by things outside of our control

determinism

a cultures expectations or regulations for when and how to express emotions are known as

display rules

consuming the same amount of calories expended in energy each day

energy balance

arousal

excitement

incentives

external push

The sight and smell of a delicious pizza would be

external signals

A person who is talkative and outgoing would be described as being high in which of the following traits

extraversion

Ex: when you are angry and stop yourself from saying a cuss word in front of your teacher is an example of

frontal cortex inhibiting your initial emotional reaction

Research in personality that focuses on the question "How does it work?"

function

trait perspective

genetics

According to the social-cognitive theory your personality arises from

how your behaviors, personal factors, and experiences interact with each other

superego

ideal, ethical, moral

Preconscious

in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness

modal action pattern

instinctive behaviors that occur over and over in every member of species

released by pancres

insulin

drives

internal push

levels of leptin and insulin would be considered ____ telling you whether or not to eat

internal signals

chemical signals released by fat cells; suppress appetite

leptin

Primary Reinforcers

love

People often say that Micah can be rude and selfish sometimes. He would be characterized as

low in agreeableness

behavior that occurs in the same fashion, time and time again in nearly every member of species

modal action patterns

neauroticism

moody, have anxiety, fear, anger, frustration

novelty

need for newness

peak experiences

one becomes so set on a task or activity that they get so set on it that they lose self awareness

Research in personality that focuses on the question "Where does it come from?" are interested in the ______ of personality.

origin

Yerkes-Dodson arousal curve

performance is best when arousals are at moderate levels

Humanistic perspective

person, behavior, and environment interaction

id

pleasure, impulsive, selfish

drive reduction

putting on a sweater when shivering from the cold

ego

reality,safety

social-cognitive perspective

realizing your potential

primary function of reticular formation

regulates sleep, wakefulness, and how alert or excited you feel

makes actions or behaviors that precede it more likely to happen in the future

reinforcement

Surveys, like the NEO-PI, that ask you questions about your personality as a way to try to observe or assess personality are known as

self report questionaries

learning from other peoples mistakes and not allowing yourself to make the same ones is an example of

social cognitive perspective

novelty

something new

two-factor theory

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

metamotivation

the desire to grow beyond satisfying basic needs

Psychodynamic perspective

unconscious

Instincts

unlearned behaviors