Intro to Psych Final.

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise _____________. a. from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization b. When the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the superego c. When the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the id d. because people can never make their own decisions

a. from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization

All prejudices involve stereotyping but not all stereotypes lead to prejudices True False

True

Client-centered therapists believe in viewing the world through a client's frame of reference. True False

True

Even though the accident happened directly in front of the crowd, no one called the authorities. This is an example of the bystander effect. True False

True

Freud considered dreams the "royal road to the unconscious." True False

True

Strong attitudes are more likely to determine behavior than weak attitudes. True False

True

In cognitive-dissonance theory, _______________ is the tendency of people to seek explanations for their own behavior in such a way that unpleasant undertakings seem worth it. a. attitude-discrepant behavior b. effort justification c. situational attribution d. selective exposure

b. effort justification

__________ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others. a. Hedonism b. Primacy c. Altruism d. Recency

c. Altruism

The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the a. recency effect b. actor-observer effect c. bystander effect d. polarization effect

C. Bystander effect

Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interviewers will evaluate her based on the first impression she creates. In this scenario, the impression created by Keisha is an example of the ___________. a. primacy effect b. fear appeal c. fundamental attribution error d. actor-observer effect

A. Primacy effect

Fear appeal is a type of persuasive communication that _________. a. influences behavior on the basis of arousing fear instead of rational analysis of the issues b. typically causes people to not act on the issue C. influences behavior based on sound reasoning. D. ?

A. influences behavior on the basis of arousing fear instead of rational analysis of the issues

During the political debate, Jan suddenly realized that the only news shows that she watches are liberal and similar to her own. She cannot recall the last time she watched a conservative talk show. Jan is exhibiting a. attitude-discrepant behavior b. selective exposure c. the fear appeal d. the actor-observer effect

B. Selective exposure

Which of the following factors increases the tendency to conform? a. high self-esteem b. valuing being right over being liked c. belonging to a collectivist society d. decreased social shyness

C. Belonging to a collectivist society

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise a. from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization b. when the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the superego c. When the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the id because people can never make their own decisions

a. from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization

Which of the following best describes attitude? a. It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them b. It is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior. C. It is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression. d. It is the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind.

b. It is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior.

The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the ____________. a. self-serving bias b. actor-observer effect c. peripheral route error d. fundamental attribution error

c. peripheral route error

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems a. are caused by demons that possess people b. reflect outer conflicts and not inner conflicts c. reflect early childhood experiences and inner conflicts d. are caused exclusively by a traumatic experience

c. reflect early childhood experiences and inner conflicts

Which of the following statements is true of chemistry involved in aggression? a. In humans, chemistry is involved in aggression, especially in the form of thyroxin. b. Men have less testosterone levels than women do. c. Chemicals do not trigger aggressive behaviors in humans. d. Testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to dominate and control other people

d. Testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to dominate and control other people

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ______________. a carboxylic acids b. phenothiazine c. thiodiphenylamine d. benzodiazepines

d. benzodiazepines

A reason people tend to have partners from the same background is _____________. a discrimination b. stereotyping c. reciprocity d. propinquity

d. propinquity

People are said to ________ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms. a. rebel b. groupthink c. facilitate d. conform

D. Conform

Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. The assumptions are examples of ___________. a. deindividuation b. conformity c. situational attributions d. dispositional attributions

D. Dispositional attributions

During the political debate, Jan suddenly realized that the only news shows that she watches are liberal and similar to her own. She cannot recall the last time she watched a conservative talk show. Jan is exhibiting __________. a. attitude-discrepant behavior b. the actor-observer effect c. the fear appeal d. selective exposure

D. Selective exposure

Behavior therapists rely heavily on ____________. a. practices that reject adaptive behavior patterns b. the subjective analysis of the mind rather than on measurable behavior c. methods that recover repressed childhood memories D. principles of conditioning and observational learning

D. principles of conditioning and observational learning

According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by ___________. a instinctive reaction to the frustrations of daily life b. suspension of negative punishment on aggressive stimuli c. observation of other people acting aggressively d. repressed impulses stored in the unconscious recesses of the mind

c. observation of other people acting aggressively