Intro to Public Policy UWGB Module 14
the late 19th and early 20th centuries
During what period in U.S. history did the conservation movement lay the ground work for modern environmental policy?
pollution control and protection of human health
The seven major statutes that were enacted in the 1970s focused on ______.
NOT soy-derived biodiesel
consensus; disagreement
environmental impact statement
A(n) ______ is a detailed and systematic study of all environmental effects of a proposed action.
Wetland Degradation Act
In the 1970s and early 1980s, the federal government passed a number of acts to control pollution. Which of the acts listed below was not one of these major acts?
uniform air quality standards for the entire United States.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, for the first time, developed ______.
market incentives
The Clean Air Act of 1990 provided for the use of buying and selling of pollution permits to combat acid rain. What type of policy instrument does this describe?
detailed and systematic study of all environmental effects of a proposed action
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires that environmental impact statements (EIS) be conducted for proposed development projects. Which statement choice defines an EIS?
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
The environmental problems of Love Canal, New York, are often referred to as a catalyst in the passing of what law?
Pollution control, resource conservation/management, and energy policy
The three primary areas of focus for environmental policy are described by which of the following statements?
the fuel economy of light trucks and cars
What did new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards passed in a 2007 energy bill improve?
An approach where in which government works closely with industry to develop and implement policy.
What is collaborative decision making as a policy strategy?
Natural resources should be managed in a way that encourages economic development but also protects the environment.
What is meant by multiple use when discussing natural resource policy?
whether it can be produced efficiently (comparable cost)
What is one of the biggest concerns with renewable energy?
Endangered Species Act
What is one of the most hotly contested natural resource policies?
economic growth that is compatible with natural environmental systems and social goals
What is the best definition of sustainable development?
The benefits massively outweighed the costs.
What was found in a study of the costs and benefits of the Clean Air Act and its later amendments?
NOT They worried that the U.S. auto industry would become uncompetitive internationally and lead to a drop in sales.
What were the primary reasons automobile companies and autoworker unions initially opposed raising CAFE standards?
1970s
When was the "environmental decade" of federal legislation?
the largest independent agency with strong regional offices reporting to the president
Which answer best describes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?
much policymaking activity in the late 1960s through 1970s followed by a long period of gridlock and incremental changes
Which best describes the recent history of environmental policymaking in the United States?
state
Which level of government is typically involved in implementing environmental policy?
Policy making is shared across all levels
Which level of government typically makes environmental policy?
NOT Environmental Protection Agency
Which of the following agencies has primary responsibility for implementing environmental laws in the United States?
NOT carbon tax
Which of the following policies is considered a market incentive?
an emissions control policy and market incentive that limits an industry's emission allowance and allows it to purchase emission permits from other lower emitting industries.
Which statement best describes a cap and trade program?
They have had mixed results: While point source pollution has declined and urban air quality improved, other conditions have not improved.
Which statement best summarizes the effectiveness of U.S. environmental policies enacted over the past 30- to 40 years?
NOT The United States has developed a strong energy policy since President Obama took office.
With regard to U.S. energy policy, most experts would agree with which statement?
ethical and equity concerns of policy
With regard to climate change policy, many conflicts arise regarding how the various policy proposals affect different groups of citizens now and in future generations. This relates to ______.
consensus; disagreement
With regard to environmental policy formulation, in the 1970s, ______ was the norm in the United States, while ______ was the norm in the 1980s and 1990s.