Intro to Rad Protection

If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can A) respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received. B) avoid the patient's question by changing the subject. C) tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns. D) refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the referring physician.

A

In a team approach to patient care, various participants 1) assume responsibility for their areas of expertise. 2 )emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team 3 )rotate as the person in charge of the team A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

A

Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is: A) greater than the risk involved. B) equal to the risk involved. C) less than the risk involved. D) typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may be.

A

What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units? A) Coulomb per kilogram B)Milligray C)Millisievert D)Sievert

A

Which of the following is a special form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of the material with which it interacts? A) Ionizing radiation B) Nonionizing radiation C) Subatomic radiation D) Ultrasonic radiation

A

Which of the following statements below is true? A) It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease. B) The ALARA method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy. C) The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy. D) The TRACE method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.

A

Why is a question about the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer? 1) Because the received dose is measured in a number of different units 2) Because scientific units for radiation dose are not comprehensible by the patient 3) Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

A

Radiation phobia can be greatly reduced by explaining the diagnostic radiation dose to the patient by using the: A) ALARA method. B) BERT method. C) ORP method. D) TRACE method.

B

What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT? A)U.S.Food and Drug Administration B)Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging. C)American Registry of Radiologic Technologists D)The Joint Commission

B

Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public? A) ALARA B) BERT C) ORP D) Standardized dose reporting

B

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation? A)Exposure B)Effective dose C)Absorbed dose D)There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation.

B

X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation? A) Environmental B) Ionizing C) Internal D) Nonionizing

B

In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration to be directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program? A) Assistant administrator of the facility B) Chief of staff C) Radiation Safety Officer D) Student radiologic technologist

C

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to: A) 1/10 of a sievert. B) 1/100 of a sievert. C) 1/1000 of a sievert. D) 1/10,000 of a sievert.

C

The radiographer must answer patient questions about the potential risk of radiation exposure: A) abruptly to discourage the patient from asking any other questions. B) evasively so as not to reveal any information about radiation risk. C) honestly and in understandable terms. D) with technical terms.

C

Which of the following is the intention behind the ALARA concept? A) To keep radiation exposure and consequent dose at the highest possible level B) To keep radiation exposure and consequent dose at an average level C) To keep radiation exposure and consequent dose at the lowest possible level D) To avoid the use of ionizing radiation in radiologic practice

C

Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified? A) ALARA program B) BERT method C) Efficacy D) TRACE program

C

Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA? A)So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety. B)So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety. C)Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease. D)Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals would have a chance of developing this disease.

C

Consequences of ionization in human cells include 1) creation of unstable atoms. 2) production of free electrons. 3) creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell. 4) creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell. 5) injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function. A) 1,2,and 3 only B) 2,3,and 4 only C) 3,4,and 5 only D) 1,2,3,4,and 5

D

Diagnostic efficacy includes: 1) imaging procedure or practice justified by the referring physician. 2) minimal radiation exposure used. 3) optimal image(s) produced. 4) presence or absence of disease revealed. A) 1,2,and 3 only B) 1,2,and 4 only C) 2,3,and 4 only D) 1,2,3,and 4

D

Effective protective measures take into consideration: 1) both human and environmental physical determinants. 2) technical elements. 3) procedural factors. A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can "pledge" to image gently.The pledge includes which of the following? 1) Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year. 2) Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement adjustments to practice processes. 3) Communicate openly with parents. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to A)assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia they may have. B)cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small chance of biologic damage. C)suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic damage. D)suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible biologic damage.

D

Some ways of providing education for imaging department staff are: 1) providing in-service education on various radiation safety topics to accommodate individual needs of staff members. 2) handing out a facts-to-remember sheet at the end of an in-service program. 3) e-mailing the most important topics covered in a staff in-service program to imaging staff members to help reinforce and retain vital information. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

Some ways of providing education for non-radiologist physicians who perform fluoroscopic procedures can include: 1) creating increased awareness of radiation dose for specific procedures through discussion. 2) establishing goals for lowering radiation dose for patients,assisting personnel,and themselves. 3) radiographers helping physicians performing fluoroscopic procedures by informing them that they have reached a specific dose,thereby giving fluoroscopists the opportunity to decide to continue or stop a procedure. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

The ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This information may be helpful to many: A) accrediting bodies. B) advisory groups. C) radiation standards organizations. D) regulatory agencies.

D

The advantages of the BERT method are: 1) it does not imply radiation risk;it is simply a means for comparison. 2) it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment. 3) the answer given in terms of BERT is easy for the patient to comprehend. A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

The basic principles of radiation protection include which of the following? 1) Time 2) Distance 3) Shielding A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1,2,and 3

D

The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term: A) background equivalent radiation time (BERT). B) equivalent dose (EqD). C) diagnostic efficacy. D) optimization for radiation protection (ORP).

D

Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT? 1) Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques 2 )Minimum qualifications for medical physicists 3) Documentation of CT radiation doses 4) Management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose A )1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 4 only D) 1,2,3,and 4

D