Intro to Sleep (Slides 1-12)

If an awake and alert person undergoes a brain wave test, what will it reveal?

Beta Waves

Which of the following is NOT an example of Circadian rhythms?

Menstrual cycle

What were the findings of the study of the effects of sleep deprivation on performance?

Participants who had normal amounts of REM sleep performed better.

The body's biological clock is located in the

hypothalmus

When asleep, a person is spending approximately half of his sleep time in REM sleep. This person most likely

is an infant.

While sleeping, a person's awareness

is greatly diminished

If you are examining an EEG recording for someone who is sleeping, and sleep spindles start to occur, in what stage of sleep is the person?

stage 2

Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the body's circadian rhythm?

suprachiasmatic nucleus

If our circadian clocks are not reset each morning by exposure to light, they

tend to run a cycle that is a little longer than 24 hours.

How long does the night's first episode of REM sleep usually last?

8-10 minutes

What do alpha brain waves indicate?

A state of drowsiness and relaxation

A predominance of ___ waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed.

Alpha

The hormone melatonin has the strongest association with which of the following? a. the cerebellum b. the reticular activation system c. the basal forebrain d. the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

D. the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

The hormone ______ is a key factor in regulating a person's level of sleepiness.

Melatonin

Which hormone plays a role in relaxation and drowsiness in human beings?

Melatonin

As sleep cycles progress over the course of an average night, the amount of time spent in REM sleep

Increases.

Research comparing young adults to elderly adults has found that as people get older they tend to

Sleep less at night.

Short periods of extremely fast and somewhat higher energy sleep spindles occur in which stage of sleep?

Stage 2

_____ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.

Stage 4 sleep

_____ is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.

Stage one sleep

Sleep is a(n)

active process

Beta waves are to theta waves as

awake is to asleep.

Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is TRUE? a. During REM sleep, brain activity and physiological arousal are significantly less than they are during active wakefulness. b. During REM sleep, brain activity and physiological arousal are similar to that of active wakefulness. c. During REM sleep, EEG patterns show a dominance of delta waves. d. During REM sleep, EEG patterns show a dominance of beta waves.

b. During REM sleep, brain activity and physiological arousal are similar to that of active wakefulness.

Which of the following environmental factors helps to reset our 24-hour biological clock? a. the amount of daylight we receive in a day b. the amount of sleep we get each night c. exposure to light after a night of sleep d. exposure to darkness prior to a night of sleep

c. exposure to light after a night of sleep

Which of the following refers to REM? a. It is characterized by delta waves on ECG. b. It is a sound and dreamless sleep. c. It is characterized by total lack of muscular activity. d. It is characterized by active dreaming.

d. It is characterized by active dreaming.

Which of the following is true of people who participate in sleep deprivation experiments? a. Most people suffer permanent consequences of temporary sleep deprivation experiment. b. They are more alert than people who do not take part in such experiments. c. Their creativity levels remain unchanged. d. They show a decline in logical reasoning ability.

d. They show a decline in logical reasoning ability.

All of the following statements regarding REM sleep are true EXCEPT: a. heart rate increases and becomes irregular during REM sleep. b. breathing rate increases during REM sleep. c. vivid dreams occur during REM sleep. d. the activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep.

d. the activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep.

Research conducted on the effectiveness of pulling all-nighters found that students deprived of a night's sleep performed

more poorly on a critical-thinking task than did students allowed to sleep.

Research has shown that we dream the most when the brain is _____________, and it turns out that this type of increased brain activity is more common during ____________.

most active; REM sleep

One reason that shift work has a detrimental effect on circadian rhythms is that

shift workers often go home in the morning daylight, which makes it difficult to properly reset their circadian clocks.

With EEG technology, scientists were able to learn that

sleep changes throughout the night.

During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

the muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase.