Intro to Theatre - Notes and quizes for the final exam Chapter 10-17

Chapter 14

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Allowing your mind to wander in appropriate situations can do which of the following? a. Activate different parts of our brain b. Make us more imaginative c. Make us more productive d. all of these

all of these

The earliest American musicals were _____________________ , brought from England and popular during the colonial period.

ballad operas

Which institution or group in England attacked the theatre because they believed that the only way to escape the fires of hell was through hard work, abstinence from all profane amusements and sensual pleasures, and careful observance of religious rites?

c. Puritans

When the Vatican (papal government) sensed that it was losing the common people, it allowed theatrical elements into the Mass to strengthen people's faith. Priests acted as "living impersonators" of biblical figures in short plays on religious topics. Which language did the priest use when performing these little plays?

c. The language of the local people

wo basic elements of humanist theatre popular in Italy were adherence to Aristotle's unities________________ and ___________________.

c. declamatory acting

By World War I, ________ were dominating Broadway.

c. patriotic comedies

Ancient Greek plays have a framework consisting of five elements: a prologue, a parodos, alternating episodes and ________, and an exodos.

c. stasimons

Which of the following is true of Voltaire? a. He was the most celebrated French playwright of the Enlightenment. b. He preached that there were no miracles in the universe, only fixed laws. c. In his play Mérope (1742), he criticized hereditary aristocracy, saying "He who serves his country worthily needs no ancestry." d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following originated in Italy and influenced theatre throughout Europe? a. commedia dell'arte, b. humanist theatre c. perspective scenery d. All of these originated in Italy.

d. All of these originated in Italy.

An environment that is conducive to creativity has all of the following attributes except: a. a free exchange of ideas b. an encouragement of new ways of problem solving c. a mingling of different lifestyles and beliefs d. a conformist culture and an insistence on adherence to tradition

d. a conformist culture and an insistence on adherence to tradition

This small, secular play was performed between other forms of entertainment and created a transition between medieval plays meant to moralize and teach biblical lessons to the more secular plays of the future.

d. an interlude

By 1915, it looked like theatre was being killed off by _______

movie theatres

True or False. During the Dark ages in Europe, except in Muslim Spain, there were few new inventions and fewer innovative thinkers.

true

Which of these non-Western theatre styles esteems highly stylized, exaggerated movements so much that it borrowed many of its movements from traditional Japanese puppet theatre?

Kabuki

___________________ is defined as a permanent, professional theatre located outside of New York City.

Regional theatre

Creativity takes time. People whose lives are totally booked with family and work obligations seldom have much time to be creative. a. True b. False

True

One of the most valuable historical records of Indian theatre is the Natyasastra, which is

a written compilation of dramatic theory and practice written sometimes between 200 BCE and 200 CE

Which playwright of Greek comedies is famous for caricatures of Greek leaders, stinging attacks on society, lampooning celebrities in the audience, and writing about a father who advises his spendthrift son to take lessons from Socrates on logic and argumentation to outfox his creditors?

a. Aristophanes

What are tropes?

a. Chanted or sung phrases incorporated into Mass as an embellishment on a religious lesson

Thomas Paine called this time period (ca. 1670-1800) the "Age of Reason" because of the great philosophical, scientific, technological, political, and religious revolutions. It was also called the ________.

a. Enlightenment

____________ plays often use deliberate distortion such as walls slanted inward to create a claustrophobic feeling, and characters that are portrayed as the protagonist sees them, such as pigs or cogs in a machine.

a. Expressionist

Unlike most straight plays, musicals often require several writers. What title is given to the person who writes the words to the musical?

a. Lyricist

The Broadway play Beautiful was built around the music of Carole King; therefore, it is known as ________ musical.

a. a jukebox

Cheap limitations of romantic plays with formulaic plots, sensational subjects, and improbable events were called ________.

a. melodramas

After World War I, ________ musicals and ________ music influenced the musical theatre.

a. sweetheart, jazz

Who was Alexander the Great's teacher, who instilled a passion for Greek theatre?

b. Aristotle

The quintessential American musical combines which two genres of theatre?

c. Musical comedy, serious drama

Which of the following describes a type of musical theatre where all the dramatic lines are sung to grand classical music

c. Opera

French tragic playwrights wrote in ________, which sounds rather boring to modern ears.

d. Alexandrine Verse

This German playwright and philosopher wrote tragedies and comedies about the middle class. His greatest play was Nathan the Wise. Even though the protagonist of the play pleads for religious tolerance, the Church condemned the play, and its author was refused a Christian burial.

lessing

___________________ plays told stories about the lives of the saints.

miracle

This genre of theatre can be called more-real-than-realism, an accurate "slice of life," a documentary-like look at existence.

naturalism

In the twentieth century, many Western directors cited Eastern theatre as a major influence in their work during the revolt against ____________________________.

realism

Enlightenment philosophers and free thinkers formed scholarly societies and intellectual salons to exchange ideas. Their emphasis on ________ led to revolutions in mathematics and the sciences.

reason

The word "Renaissance" means _________

rebirth

Two forms of Islamic theatre that existed prior to coming into cultural contact with the West include:

shadow theatre and the Ta'ziyeh religious dramas of Iran

Which of the following led to the beginning of mass media and the popularization of ideas?

the printing press

One of the best ways to enhance creativity is to get regular exercise and plenty of sleep. true or false

true

Who ________________ was known as the father of tragedy and the earliest writer of Greek tragedy whose plays still exist?

. Aeschylus

These comic plays were written before the end of the Peloponnesian War, when playwrights enjoyed a relatively high degree of freedom of speech in Athens.

. Old Comedy

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In what year did the first straight play by a black playwright make it to Broadway?

1959

After the Peloponnesian War, playwrights were denied freedom of speech and turned from political satire to these comic plays, known as ______________, which were mundane and steered clear of insulting those in power:

New Comedy

In fifteenth century, Italy, a university student who rejected the traditional curriculum of theology, and instead studied the classical subjects of history, poetry, painting, architecture, music, and classical literature was called ____________________.

a humanist

Which of the following statements about the Ta'ziyeh religious drama of Iran is false? a. In Saudi Arabia, both female and male actors perform in open-air spaces. b. The plays enact the suffering and death of the Prophet of Islam's grandson. c. It contains some comedic plays. d. Religious leaders sometimes condemn their being enacted because of the ban on graven images.

a. In Saudi Arabia, both female and male actors perform in open-air spaces.

This is the ability to order and unify structures and to perceive patterns and causal relationships.

b. Logical-mathematical intelligence

The most popular Restoration plays featured great wit and wordplay, and often told stories of bedroom escapades. These were:

comedy of manners

Which of the following can be said of Aphra Behn? a. She had been a spy for the English government in Antwerp. b. Her writings were full of sexual intrigue, loveless marriages, and satire. c. She was the first professional female playwright and the most famous woman of the era to make her living by writing. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Today, the term "well-made play" means ________.

d. a bad formula plot

Collaboration is essential to creativity. true or false

false

Noncreative people may look at a situation and see only chaos, but creative people have the ability to ________

find (or create) order

Experts have found that the reason for wanting to be creative can affect the extent of creativity. If the product is more important than the process, you will be generally ____________________.

less creative

______ is an early form of theatre that used theatrical techniques such as song, dance, and characterization, but it was still firmly rooted in religion

ritual theatre

Shakespeare's name first appeared in London in 1592, as an actor with the Lord Chamberlain's company. a. True b. False

true

Actors in the Peking opera

use precise stylized gestures

What distinguishes Euripides' work from the other great playwrights of ancient Greece's Golden Age?

a. He was one of the first writers to treat women as major characters.

Which of the following French playwrights was called "a demon in flesh" and told that he should be burned at the stake as "a foretaste of the fires of hell" for writing plays about a religious hypocrite and freethinker who doesn't believe in heaven, hell, or devils? a. Molière b. Jacques Pradon c. Jean Racine d. Pierre Corneille

a. Molière

The first American play to win a Pulitzer Prize, the highest award given for American drama, was awarded to which of the following?

a. Of Thee I Sing

The Puritans ruled England from 1642 to 1660, until Oliver Cromwell's death. When Charles II was restored to the English throne, the period of the ____________________ began.

a. Restoration

These rigid rules for playwriting insisted that 1) the action of the play take place within twenty-four hours; 2) the play must never combine comedy and tragedy; and 3) all the settings in a play could be reached within twenty-four hours.

a. The three unities

How did Indian playwrights use Western-style theatre in the twentieth century?

a. They masked their political points in the guise of historical or mythological stories.

Researchers have found that creative people share many traits. Which of the following is not one of them?

a. They work against their own impulses.

Which of the following statements about creative problem solving is FALSE? a. Unlike the sciences, testing the solution in the theatre does not require data. b. Brainstorming can be a group or an individual act. c. Most problems are made up of dozens of smaller problems. d. Critical thinking skills are necessary when testing the solution.

a. Unlike the sciences, testing the solution in the theatre does not require data.

When discussing mental agility, ____________________ thinking is measured by IQ and involves well-defined rational problems that have only one correct answer. ____________________ thinking involves fluency and the ability to generate a multitude of ideas from numerous perspectives.

a. convergent / divergent

During the High Middle Ages, the seeds of the Renaissance were planted with the fall of Muslim Spain and the rediscovery of the writings of the philosopher, ________.

b. Aristotle

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Creativity happens when failure is not an option. b. Creative people test their ideas and seek criticism. c. Creative people know that the odds of finding a creative answer to a problem are directly related to the number of attempts. d. For many of us, failure is not an option in our jobs or in our lives.

b. Creative people test their ideas and seek criticism.

Which of the following playwrights wrote "high comedies"—cerebral, socially relevant plays—that had an intellectual scope so vast they forced audiences to reassess their values? a. Henrik Ibsen b. George Bernard Shaw c. Oscar Wilde d. Anton Chekhov

b. George Bernard Shaw

Which of the following playwrights wrote about the moral failings of modern society in A Doll's House and Hedda Gabler? a. Anton Chekhov b. Henrik Ibsen c. Oscar Wilde d. Voltaire

b. Henrik Ibsen

Which of the following was one of Sophocles' most famous characters?

b. Oedipus Rex

Which influential playwright during The Golden Age of Spanish theatre was ahead of his time because he attempted to explain the human character as shaped by environmental and psychological causes, rather than by fate or dictated by "final cause"?

b. Pedro Calderón de la Barca

This French playwright refused to follow the strict writing code of l'Académie française (the French Academy). His popular play Le Cid was loved by the public, but criticized by the Academy.

b. Pierre Corneille

Which of the following is characteristic of non-Western theatre, which may prevent Westerners from fully appreciating the art form? a. The styles of theatre are ever-changing b. They use bright costumes with symbolic colors and masks c. They appeal more to the intellect than the senses d. The stories are about everyday people

b. They use bright costumes with symbolic colors and masks

What kind of theatre did Romans prefer?

b. unsophisticated comedy

Which playwright wrote many of the masques staged by Inigo Jones, which offended the Puritans?

c. Ben Jonson

Which of the following is the most important step in solving a problem? a. Ask new questions about the problem b. View the problem from different angles c. Identify the specific problem d. Look for a creative solution

c. Identify the specific problem

This French playwright was supported by King Louis XIV. He wrote scathing comedies, such as Tartuffe, that satirized French life.

c. Molière

These popular entertainers had shows filled with jugglers, acrobats, comic skits, buffoonery, and plenty of vulgar language, indecent songs, and nudity.

c. Roman mimes

Which of the following statements about theatre in the Dark Ages is false? a. Companies of jugglers, storytellers, dancers, animal trainers, and acrobats travelled around Europe. b. In Constantinople, Ancient tragedies may have been used to teach Greek. c. Roman mimes used puppet plays to perform their unruly skits. d. Fragments of plays by Euripides were found that contained lines rewritten to incorporate Christian themes.

c. Roman mimes used puppet plays to perform their unruly skits.

This ancient Greek playwright's plays are known for their complex characterization, harmonious lyrics, and effective dialogue. He also concentrated his plays on just a few critical moments within a character's life.

c. Sophocles

Religious dramas called autos sacramentales were still being performed in ____________________ two hundred years after liturgical plays had lost popularity in the rest of Europe. Even though secular plays were allowed, they often had liturgical and ____________ themes.

c. Spain, patriotic

How did Aristotle's theory of causality critically influence Christianity and the development of theatre in the High Middle Ages? a. To Christians, Aristotle's philosophy reinforced the idea that everything has a purpose and all things are connected. b. Everything results from cause and effect; everything is a sign of God's pleasure or wrath—or possibly the work of Satan. c. Actors and playwrights now understood people's behaviors as resulting from a struggle between God and the Devil, so the characters of morality plays are allegorical. d. All of these are Aristotelian influences.

d. All of these are Aristotelian influences.

Aristophanes' famous comedy Lysistrata? a. is an anti-war comedy. b. is about a woman who organizes the women of Athens and Sparta to deny their husbands sex until the men stop the war. c. was written during the Peloponnesian War which lasted 27 years. d. All of these describe Lysistrata.

d. All of these describe Lysistrata.

Despite the decline in productions over the years, the American musical has staged a comeback. How has it accomplished this? a. By staging revivals of popular older musicals b. By basing "new" musicals on well-known movies c. By producing small musicals with small casts and that can be produced on a shoestring. d. All of these have helped musicals stage a comeback.

d. All of these have helped musicals stage a comeback.

Chapter 17

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_____ is a dramatized version of the Hindu epic poems Ramayana and Mahabharata

Kathakali

Which of the following did not contribute to the end of religious theatre many parts of Europe?

Pope Innocent III's building of a ballroom theatre at the Vatican.

What aspect of Indian Sanskrit drama influenced Western playwrights such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Bertolt Brecht?

The staging techniques and epic proportion of the plays

Our ___________________ is one of the chief factors that helps us develop our talents.

environment

Americans were the first to add song and dance to theatre. true or false

false

The term "rum and fun" comes from the Roman politicians, who knew that if they gave the general population enough food (rum) and entertainment (fun), the public would not question the government. true or false

false

The two decades after World War II were considered the golden age of American musicals because the productions were over-the-top, mindless spectaculars. true or false

false

Two types of permanent public playhouses began appearing around London: small indoor theatres such as the Blackfriars, which were open to the general public, and huge outdoor theatres such as the Rose and the Globe, which catered to wealthy clientele and echoed the arena-like design as in ancient Rome. true or false

false

___________________ was the greatest of the Sturm und Drang playwrights and his most famous Romantic play is Faust. Some see the play as the epitome of the Romantic philosophy and the individual's search for truth.

goethe

Which influential playwright wrote The Dumb Waiter, a "comedy of menace" meant to both frighten and entertain?

harold pinter

Which musical attempted to become a hit by building its story around popular music the audience already knows?

mamma mia

Starting in the late 1950s, small theatres sprang up in several Manhattan neighborhoods to put on plays about the issues of the day. These theatres became collectively known as ____________________.

off broadway

Performances that mix theatre, visual arts, music, dance, gesture, and rituals are a new type of experimental theatre called ________.

performance art

These playwrights questioned the Scientific Revolution's obsession with logic, feeling that science was not adequate to describe the full range of human experience.

romantics

Who was one of Rome's greatest tragic playwrights and, as the tutor of the future emperor Nero, greatly influenced the ruler in becoming one of the greatest supporters of art and theatre in Western history?

seneca

Which of the following "isms" sought to replace the specific and concrete with the suggestive and metaphorical? a. absurdism b. symbolism c. existentialism d. expressionism

symbolism

a form of theatre that mixed traditional African ritual . theatre and Western-style drama, and that encouraged African nationalism and glorified Africa's past, is called

total theatre

Europe had to question its ordered view of the world when explorers brought back stories of distant and exotic lands and cultures. a. True b. False

true

Thomas Edison's invention of the incandescent light bulb and the ideas of Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx contributed to the birth of the theatrical style we call "Realism." a. True b. False

true

Which of the following statements about mystery plays is false? a. They were about theological mysteries, beliefs that cannot be fully understood but are taken on faith as true. b. They were outdoor liturgical plays. c. They often were performed by guilds (shoemakers, shipwrights, etc.). d. They involve some form of comic relief.

. They were about theological mysteries, beliefs that cannot be fully understood but are taken on faith as true.

The purpose of Greek tragedies was not to make the audience feel somber but to enable them to experience an intense twofold feeling known as ______________, which occurs when one truly encounters life and confronts

. catharsis

Which of the following was blamed for causing the Black Death during the Middle Ages?causing a. The dance of death b. the theatre c. The population's interest in secular studies d. Dogs

. the theatre

The main features of ancient Greek theatres were a seating area called the __________________, or "seeing place" and a circular playing area called the ______________________ or "dancing place,"

. theatron, orchestra

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Chapter 13

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Chapter 16

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Malcolm Gladwell, author of Outliers: The Story of Success, popularized the ________ rule, which suggests that this is the minimum amount of time masters of creativity spend practicing in their respective fields before rising to significant and constant success.

10,000 -hour

Which of the following is not true of the first all-black show to play at a top Broadway theatre? a. The white theatre owner did not know the troupe was black when the manager signed them. b. The ragtime musical was an instant success and was signed on for a long run. c. The composer, Will Marion Cook, was black. d. The show was called Blackbirds.

D. The show was called Blackbirds.

How does the U.S. educational system fundamentally fail to stoke students' creativity?

It doesn't teach students how to ask productive questions.

In which country was opera developed 500 years ago?

Italy

Which of the following is not characteristic of the commedia dell'arte plays? a. All parts were played by either men or boys. b. Each actor specialized in playing one particular stock character based on a common stereotype. c. The Church looked upon its vagabond actors as rogues and a public nuisance. d. Common subjects of the plays were slaves tricking their masters, misunderstandings between lovers, and peasants who are smarter than aristocrats.

a. All parts were played by either men or boys.

Which of the following statements about Euripides and Medea is false? a. Euripides is the least produced of the ancient Greek tragic playwrights. b. Euripides won only four popularity contests, like the one held at the Theatre of Dionysus. c. The protagonist in Medea sought revenge, destroyed her ex-husband's life, and killed her children without retribution for her actions. d. Euripides questioned the existence of the gods

a. Euripides is the least produced of the ancient Greek tragic playwrights.

The next time you have a problem to solve, which of the following presents the best sequence for solving it?

a. Write down every solution that comes to mind. / Walk away from the problem and list. / Return and evaluate each solution.

These impromptu farces were performed by professional acting troupes throughout Italy in the 1500s.

a. commedia dell'arte

which of the following statements in false? a. ritual turned into theatre the moment when dialogue was written down b. ritual plays were passed down through generations c. theatre is artificial and usually has a story with a conflict d. theatre in one form or another has been performed in every part of the world for thousands of years

a. ritual turned into theatre the moment when dialogue was written down

According to this Aristotle's theory of causality four causes brought order to the world. Which of these defines the "efficient cause"? a. the agent that actualizes the material, who acts on the material to make it into something b. the end in mind, the ultimate purpose of the thing c. physical material whose potential is not yet realized, the raw material that will become something else d. physical material whose potential has been actualized, the completed thing

a. the agent that actualizes the material, who acts on the material to make it into something

This theatre movement was born to reflect the feeling that human beings face a cold, hostile universe and that most plays fail to reflect the ridiculousness, anxiety, and chaos of the world.

absurdism

How did the Western world influence Chinese theatre? a. Urban students staged plays by Brecht and Ibsen to shed light on China's social and political problems. b. Realism is still the dominant form of Western theatre performed in China today c. Many of the Peking opera's simple stages have been replaced with proscenium arches, including curtains and an orchestra pit. d. All of these have influenced Chinese theatre.

all of these

When it comes to creativity, which is more important than raw intelligence? a. The kind of intelligence you have b. Talent c. Technique d. all of these

all of these

This word can describe any work of art that is experimental, innovative, or unconventional. Examples include symbolism, Dadaism, surrealism, and absurdism.

avant-garde

The number of Broadway musicals has steadily declined since the 1920s. Which of the following is not a reason? a. Ticket prices have increased beyond the means of more and more people. b. The themes of modern musical theatre are too controversial for mainstream American theatregoers. c. Other forms of entertainment, namely movies and television, compete with theatre. d. The costs of production have skyrocketed so only huge corporations can afford to invest in making big musicals.

b. The themes of modern musical theatre are too controversial for mainstream American theatregoers.

Which statement about theatre during the Enlightenment is false? a. The revolution in philosophy changed how playwrights viewed character. b. Theatres began to turn to the middle class for patronage and playwrights created middle-class heroes. c. Domestic tragedies became immensely popular, but died out just as quickly. d. The revolution in astronomy caused people to question the divine right of kings.

b. Theatres began to turn to the middle class for patronage and playwrights created middle-class heroes.

Greek tragedies were presented in groups of three and were followed by a short comic-relief play. This comic-relief play was called a _________________________.

b. satyr play

The scenery of Elizabethan theatre was minimal, so playwrights' words painted pictures so that the audience could "dress" the stage in their imagination. This technique was known as:

b. verbal scene painting

This type of set features true-to-life interior rooms, allowing the audience to look in on characters' private lives.

box set

Different types of songs are used for different dramatic and theatrical purposes. Which type of song would enhance a touching, romantic moment?

c. A ballad

What aspect of Eastern theatre influenced American designer Julie Taymor in her work on The Lion King? a. Kathakali and Kabuki-inspired productions of Greek tragedies and Shakespeare's plays b. Fables and history from all over the world exploring the universal human experience c. African, Asian, Mayan, and Indian traditional uses of puppetry and masks d. All of these are correct.

c. African, Asian, Mayan, and Indian traditional uses of puppetry and masks

Which of the following playwrights wrote about stagnant and helpless people whose frustrating inaction, this writer hoped, would prompt audience members to take action in their own lives? a. Henrik Ibsen b. George Bernard Shaw c. Anton Chekhov d. Oscar Wilde

c. Anton Chekhov

Which statement accurately describes theatre in the digital age? a. The average age of a person who attends a Broadway musical is 23. b. Theatres are adding cutting-edge technologies to many performances. c. Artistic directors are choosing crowd-pleasing musicals like Always Patsy Cline over classics by Ibsen and Shakespeare. d. Increasing government and patron support have allowed many theatres to experiment with socially relevant plays like Nickel and Dimed.

c. Artistic directors are choosing crowd-pleasing musicals like Always Patsy Cline over classics by Ibsen and Shakespeare.

This French Enlightenment playwright was a supporter of the American Revolution. His most famous plays are The Barber of Seville and its sequel, The Marriage of Figaro, which initially was banned by King Louis XVI of France.

c. Beaumarchais

In 1453, what city of the Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks and prompted the Renaissance?

c. Constantinople

Which of the following is not characteristic of existentialist themes in theatre? a. Human beings are naturally alone. b. The absence of God means that humans have no fixed destiny so they can create their own. c. Following rules is more important than individual decisions. d. People have no purpose.

c. Following rules is more important than individual decisions.

Which of the following statements about Jean-Jacques Rousseau false? a. He argued that people should learn from nature rather than the artificial and corrupt teachings of society or civilization. b. He is sometimes called the father of the Romantic movement. c. He was a notable French playwright who wrote in Alexandrine verse. d. He rebelled against the rationalists of the Age of Reason.

c. He was a notable French playwright who wrote in Alexandrine verse.

This French playwright's upbringing was so strict, he was even forbidden to read. But his love of classical Greek plays led him to write his most famous play, Phaedra.

c. Jean Racine

Which of the following was a type of play during the Enlightenment that showed middle-class characters finding happiness and true love?. a. melodrama b. comedy of manners c. Sentimental comedy d. Well-made play

c. Sentimental comedy

Which of the following explains why, in the early 1700s, theatre all over Europe seemed to be stagnant? a. Humanist theatre ignored the unities and broke other neoclassical rules. b. Restoration audiences primarily consisted of the lower classes who did not socialize with the typical theatre crowd. c. Theatre owners sold seats on the stage to make extra money and to cater to the wealthy. d. Most plays were sparsely attended and drew little attention from the Church

c. Theatre owners sold seats on the stage to make extra money and to cater to the wealthy.

Which of the following does not describe the effect that colonization had on African theatre? a. Occupying governments used drama to promote their political views. b. Biblical themes brought by missionaries were used to win converts. c. Western plays performed at the time celebrated and assimilated African theatre. d. Islam's antagonistic view of theatre meant fewer theatre performances

c. Western plays performed at the time celebrated and assimilated African theatre.

Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (1949) mixes realism and expressionism. Which of the following illustrates the expressionistic part of that play? a. Willy's purchase of supplies with which to end his life. b. Willy's blind desire to attain the elusive American Dream. c. Willy's rosy visions of the past and his great hope for his two sons d. Willy's attempts to pay his debts.

c. Willy's rosy visions of the past and his great hope for his two sons

How did the fall of Athens to the Spartans, which ended the Peloponnesian War, affect the growth of theatre in Greece? a. The pragmatism of Spartan thinking produced few poets, artists, actors, or playwrights. b. Freedom of speech was strictly controlled so playwrights turned to safe themes, more mundane topics, such as marital misunderstandings and meddling in-laws. c. Greek tragedy became shallow, scripts were mediocre, and performances seldom noteworthy. d. All of these affected the growth of Greek theatre.

d. All of these affected the growth of Greek theatre.

How did Islamic audiences respond to the introduction of Western theatre in the 1800s due to colonization by Britain, France, and Italy? a. Because they were used to puppets, the human actors were foreign to them. b. They kept most early performances private and that were not unseen by the general public. c. In 1847, Marun al-Naqqash wrote the first European-style play in Arabic. d. All of these reflect Islamic audiences' responses to Western influence.

d. All of these reflect Islamic audiences' responses to Western influence.

Which of the following describes how the introduction of Western influence affected the tradition of Kabuki theatre? a. It prompted the emergence of a modified form of Kabuki which translates as the New School of Movement. b. It toned down the spectacle of Kabuki and allowed some Western realism into the performances. c. Women played women's parts for the first time in hundreds of years, but only in Shimpa plays. d. All of these reflect Western influences on Japanese theatre.

d. All of these reflect Western influences on Japanese theatre.

Which of the following playwrights was a good friend of William Shakespeare and is buried upright in Westminster Abbey?

d. Ben Jonson

Why was Rodgers' and Hammerstein's production of Oklahoma! considered influential?

d. It was influential for all of these reasons.

How were contemporaries Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare similar?

d. Marlowe wrote plays filled with classical allusions.

Why did minstrel shows flourish in the United States?

d. Minstrel shows thrived for all of these reasons.

Which Eastern theatre form did the German playwright Bertolt Brecht imitate by having actors perform on a bare stage and make no attempt to hide the fact that it was a performance?

d. Peking opera

Which of the following reflects the prevailing attitude toward theatre in the Dark Ages? a. People in power resented the lack of quality theatre performances. b. Biblical allegories were embraced by the Church and became part of its ministry. c. Theatre thrived and grew as an art form. d. So few people risked attending theatre performances that actors went underground and performed only when and where they could.

d. So few people risked attending theatre performances that actors went underground and performed only when and where they could.

Bertolt Brecht's greatest innovation was ________, a type of play with a large cast, that covers a long period of time, and that includes a number of unrelated incidents.

d. epic theatre

The earliest liturgical dramas were written by priests and monks, with the exception of one ____________ who wrote six short dramas about the lives of saintly women, modeling the plays of the Roman comic playwright Terence.

d. nun

Horse-drawn wagons used to stage religious performances in the town square were called ________.

d. pageant wagons

Which of the following plays of social indictment had the common theme, "We have met the enemy and he is us"? a. farces b. comedy of manners c. satires d. problem plays

d. problem plays

Enlightenment philosophers embraced doubt and relied on empirical evidence based on ___________________________________________.

d. repeatable observations of nature and tested scientific proofs

which of the following is not true of early African theatre? a. African theatre in its purest form was prior to colonization b. theatre was tied into myths, rituals, rites, and communal celebrations of daily life c. it is likely to be the oldest theatre in the world d. the audience of the earliest African theatre sat and watched actors with masks

d. the audience of the earliest African theatre sat and watched actors with masks

What was the name given to the people of the Enlightenment who believed in a god called "Creator"—a great nonintervening watchmaker who set the cosmos into motion and let it run on its own?

deists

Songs are placed strategically within the story, usually at points where ______

dialogue is not sufficient to express what the characters are feeling

This French author and playwright wrote the twenty-eight volume Encyclopédie, which included hundreds of articles by famous scholars and covered a wide range of topics, and is considered to be one of the most important French philosophers of the Age of Reason.

diderot

Creativity is ____________________. It is the moment someone invents something that is new or transforms something extant, thereby adding value to our culture, society, or lives.

discovery

Although there are many theories about how theatre began in Athens, many scholars accept Aristotle's claim that theatre grew out of a ritual called the ____________________, a hymn sung at the altar of the god Dionysus.

dithyramb

Women were not allowed on stage in Shakespeare's England. It was considered unseemly for women to appear on stage; however, the Puritans approved of boys playing the younger female roles and mature men playing the parts of older women. a. True b. False

false

Inability to solve a problem is often due to trying to solve too many problems at once. true or false

true

Once scholars rediscovered the great Greek tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides and the Roman comedies of Plautus, Terence, and Seneca, university students were performing these classics for their fellow pupils and small invited audiences, which helped pave the way for introducing more secular theatre. a. True b. False

true