Introduction: Science, Technology & Society
that means knowing something
"Science" comes from the Latin
Which of these is true of the Presocratics?
(A) They used the gods of Olympus to explain earthquakes. (B) They believed Zeus governed over all. (C) They sought rational reasons for natural phenomena. (D) They relied on ancient myth to handle everyday problems. C
Which of the following statements about technology is incorrect? (A) Technology has influenced world history. (B) Technology has a major impact in the society. (C) The design and construction of modern structures has evolved from prior technologies and techniques. (D) People who live in different parts of the world have the same technological choices.
(D) People who live in different parts of the world have the same technological choices.
fundamental substances are inseparable.
(b) Everything is in everything.
LIMITATION OF STS
1. Needs human intervention to carry out its functions properly. 2. It can predict forces of nature but cannot prevent the prevalence/occurrence. 3. Cannot guarantee an ultimate solution to any specific problem. 4. Dependent on the values and personal beliefs of those who use it. 5. Use of natural resources that are being used in science and technology are limited 6. Data is limited to the physically observable. 7. Ultimately rest on past observations. 8. Not all of its principles are applicable to different world phenomena. 9. Can not fully explain what is in the mind of a person.
Thales is also acclaimed for having predicted an eclipse of the sun that occurred on
28 May 585 B.C.E 28 May 595 B.C.E 29 May 585 B.C.E 29 May 595 B.C.E
Knowledge and Understanding
: The interdisciplinary nature of STS requires teachers and students to research and gather information from a variety of sources. At the same time, teachers need to develop a sound understanding of issues in various disciplines philosophy, history, geography, social studies, politics, economics, environment and science. This is so that students' knowledge base can be appropriately scaffolded to enable them to effectively engage in discussions, debates, and decision-making processes.
which one is product
A. a system of know-how, skills, techniques and processes. B. the practice, description, and terminology of applied sciences.
He explained the scientific reasons behind natural phenomena such as eclipses, rainbows and meteors.
Anaxagoras
He theorized that there are numerous (perhaps infinite) fundamental, physical substances that combine in unique ways to construct this diversity we see.
Anaxagoras
Which Greek philosopher speculated that solar eclipses were caused by the passage of the moon between the sun and the earth?
Anaxagoras
He believed that the inhabited portion of the Earth was flat and it was made up of the top face of a cylinder
Anaximander
He believed that air was the origin of everything in the universe and the earth is a broad flat disc floating on the circumambient air.
Anaximenes
He believed that the earth is a broad disk, floating on a cushion of air. air. The sun and stars, he held, were formed by the same processes of condensation and rarefaction
Anaximenes
According to _____________, air became other physical things by altering its state and texture through a process called _________
Anaximenes --- rarefaction or condensation.
He believed that the two fundamental kinds of motion are natural motion and violent motion.
Aristotle
The apparent movement of celestial objects is a natural motion, whereas lifting an object is a violent motion
Aristotle
This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and the author of the Nicomachean Ethics.
Aristotle
He theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small "atoms."
Democritus
he develop the atomic theory of the universe.
Democritus
Pedagogic Approach
Depending on teacher's experience and comfort levels, a variety of pedagogic approaches based on constructivism can be used to stimulate the STS education in the classroom.
He believed that the world is composed of the four primary elements, Earth, water, wind and fire.
Empedocles
Limitations of Science and Technology
Epistemological concerns Metaphysical concerns
He believed everything is constantly changing.
Heraclitus
He believed that fire gave rise to all things and everything is in flux.
Heraclitus
He considered the human soul to be composed of fire and water— fire being the noble part and water the ignoble.
Heraclitus
he stated "one cannot step twice into the same river"
Heraclitus
STEPS IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM SEARCHING OF INFORMATION DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTING EVALUATION
Metaphysical concerns
Immaterial and transcendental nature is beyond the grasp of scientific inquiry. It cannot speak to issue of ultimate origin, meaning or morality.
Epistemological concerns
It cannot help us with questions about the God, the ultimate Good, and Truth. It cannot deny nor confirm the existence of God, soul, heaven and other uncertainties
rules in finding arché?
It has to explain existence. It has to explain change. It had to explain motion. It has to explain life
It is not that the universe itself undergoes any fundamental change, but that the forces of what?
Love and Strife, with their constant bringing-together and forcing-apart, create what we see as "change" over time.
Technology and the Quality of Life
Medical research in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and medical devices helps us lead healthier lives and offers new hope for the sick. Sophisticated traffic management systems for land, sea, and air transportation enable the smooth and timely movement of more people and goods. Agricultural research is producing safer, healthier, and tastier food products. Automobile research is providing safer, cleaner, energy efficient, and more intelligent vehicles.
Which of the following is a way that science has benefited society?
More fuel-efficient vehicles Traveling farther and more easily Healthier, longer lives All of these
One of Aristotle's most important studies of personal morality and the end of human life is the
Nicomachean Ethics
He argued Whatever is, is Whatever is, must be What is not, is not What is not ,cannot exist
Parmenides
He believed that change is impossible. According to him, everything that exist is permanent, ungenerated and indestructible.
Parmenides
Just came into being, it came into being from nothing, truly nothing.
Parmenides
This ream is the material stuff we see and interact with on a daily basis; this realm is changing and imperfect. It is the material world, perceived through the senses, that is imitation of the forms.
Physical realm
Famous in his Theory of Forms where it asserts that the physical world is not really the 'real' world; instead, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world
Plato
Theory of Forms (Ideas)
Plato
Where does the abstract, perfect, unchanging concepts or ideals that go beyond time and space exist?
Realm of Forms
refers to the practices employed in science to uncover knowledge and interpret the meaning of those discoveries. It is a process of investigation into the natural world and the knowledge generated through that process
Science as a process
It is the description and explanation of the development of knowledge.
Science is a process
It is the study of the beginning and the end of everything that exist.
Science is a process
Kind of human cultural activity.
Science is a process
Conceptualization of new ideas, from the abstract to the particular.
Science is a process.
Concerned with discovering relationships between observable phenomena in terms of theories.
Science is a process.
It seeks truth about nature.
Science is a process.
Systematized theoretical inquiries.
Science is a process.
A product of the mind.
Science is a product
A set of logical and empirical methods which provide for the systematic observation of empirical phenomena.
Science is a product.
Concerned with verifiable concepts.
Science is a product.
It is the variety of knowledge, people, skills, organizations, facilities, techniques, physical resources, methods and technologies that taken together and in relation with one another.
Science is a product.
Systematized, organized body of knowledge based on facts or truths.
Science is a product.
Which of the following best describes the interaction of science and society?
Society can drive scientific research by providing support and funding opportunities for projects that are considered important by decision makers. Science can affect society by providing new technologies and advancements to meet the needs of society.
He was remembered more for how he taught than for what he taught
Socrates
What is the correct order of teachers?
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great
Pre-Socratic philosophers
THALES ANAXIMANDER ANAXIMENES (XENOPHANES) HERACLITUS PARMINIDES ANAXAGORAS DEMOCRITUS EMPEDOCLES
provides the means to make and deliver products with attainment of specified product features by use, application and control of methods, techniques, machines and resources.
Technology as a process
Focused on inventing new or better tools and materials or new and better ways of doing things.
Technology is a process.
It is characteristically calculative and imitative, tends to be dangerously manipulative.
Technology is a process.
It is the application of science.
Technology is a process.
Search for concrete solutions that work and give wanted results.
Technology is a process.
The intelligent organization and manipulation of materials for useful purposes.
Technology is a process.
The means employed to provide for human needs and wants.
Technology is a process.
The practice, description, and terminology of applied sciences.
Technology is a process.
Material products of human making or fabrication.
Technology is a product
The complex combination of knowledge, materials and methods.
Technology is a product
Total societal enterprise
Technology is a product
A system of know-how, skills, techniques and processes.
Technology is a product.
It is like a language, rituals, values, commerce and arts, it is an intrinsic part of cultural system and it both shapes and reflects the system values.
Technology is a product.
It is the product of the scientific concept.
Technology is a product.
Form of human cultural activity.
Technology is process
Values and Beliefs
The goals of STS may challenge the value and beliefs of students and teachers-as well as conventional, culturally entrenched views on scientific and technological development. However, the students can gain opportunities to engage with, and deeply examine the impact of scientific development on their lives from a critical and informed perspective. Moreover, this will help the students to develop their analytical and problem solving capacities, as well as their ability to make informed choices in their everyday lives.
a thing's appearance is determined by whatever fundamental substance(s) dominate that thing's makeup.
The principle of predominance
This theory states that the physical world is not really the 'real' world; instead, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world.
Theory of Forms
the fundamental substances that composed them simply separate.
There is no becoming and no passing-away.
Purposes of Science & Technology
To combat irrationality. To develop new areas of knowledge. To give an information and explanation of the natural world.
Purposes of Science & Technology
To maintain the availability of natural resources. To develop individual knowledge. To find order in the chaos of nature and deliver personal and social liberation.
Purposes of Science & Technology
To provide solution to our practical problems. To improve quality of human condition. To establish relevant institutional linkages and essential mechanisms.
Challenges and Opportunities of STS Education
Values and Beliefs Knowledge and Understanding: Pedagogic Approach:
THALES ARCHE
Water; the world is floating on water and is therefore made of water
"the fourfold root of all things."
air, fire, water, and earth
Anaximander arche
apeiron - unlimited, boundless, infinite and non-perceptible substance
Key Goals of STS
engaging students in examining a variety of real world issues and grounding scientific knowledge in such realities. enabling the students to formulate a critical understanding of the interface between science, technology and society; developing the students' capacities and confidence to make informed decisions and to take responsible action to address issues arising from the impact of science in their daily lives.
Pre-Socratic philosophers were primarily concerned with...?
mostly investigated natural phenomena. They believed that humans originated from a single substance
arché means
origin
What was the Socratic method?
question and answer technique
The Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force of gravity is directly proportional to the product of masses two attracting bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them
science as product
Came from the Latin word "socius"
society - means friendship, companionship or sociability.
This realm is invulnerable to the pains and changes of the material world; it is perfect and unchanging.
spiritual realm Realm of Forms Realm of Ideas/Ideals
ready to use commodity or something you can hand over to someone else (even services are products because you give them to others). It can be hardware or software
technology as a product