Introduction to Communication

How should a speaker approach selecting gestures for a speech?

Allow them to come naturally from emotion

How often should you look at your classmates during a speech?

As much as possible

What is an effective method to use when rehearsing an extemporaneous speech?

Concentrate on gaining control of ideas

What should you do as you are about to begin a speech?

Go to the front of the class Face the audience

Which of the following are the two tasks that you need to accomplish during your conclusion?

Letting the audience know that you are almost done Reinforcing your central idea

The person who receives information during a speech is known as the

Listener

What should you do as you look at the audience just before initiating a speech?

Smile

How should you practice for a speech?

Extemporaneous speeches should be practiced out loud.

Critical thinking, which can be developed in a speech class, is the ability to

clearly recognize the relationship among ideas.

Developing a speech topic should be done with

creativity.

Presenting a speech so that it is engaging for the audience is part of topic

development

The best practices of speechmaking have little value if the speaker lacks

enthusiasm.

Believing that your group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is called

ethnocentrism.

Ancient examples of the study of public speaking

existed in China and the Americas. have been written on papyrus in Egypt. were discussed by Plato and Cicero.

Facial expressions and tone of voice are examples of the ______ message.

nonverbal

The first assignment in a speech class is usually

short and simple

When preparing to begin a speech, positive nervousness refers to

taking control of your fear.

Making speeches tends to become less intimidating

with more practice.

What part of an introduction that is needed in longer speeches is not necessary for a short speech to introduce yourself to the class?

A detailed preview statement

What should the delivery of the first speech of the semester be like?

A good effort that can be improved

Which of the following describes the situation of a wedding speech?

A reception hall on a Saturday afternoon

Terrance is giving an outdoor speech when he sees people worriedly looking in the direction of dark clouds building on the horizon. He quickly decides how he can shorten his speech and assures the audience he'll wrap up well before it rains. What has Terrance done?

Adapted to interference

Which tips should you keep in mind while rehearsing for a speech?

An audience can give feedback to improve a speech. If you make a mistake, keep going. It is important to rehearse aloud.

A speaker experiences nervousness each time before he gives a speech. Why might this occur?

Because he is getting "psyched up" Because he has not prepared enough

Penelope is going to present a speech in her class. Based on the feedback of her instructor, she needs to make the speech audience-centered. How does she do this?

By making the speech important to the audience

How can you achieve the best delivery of your first speech?

By rehearsing repeatedly

Lucy displays a photograph of a canyon to make a point about erosion. After she has described the picture and related it to her point, what should she do?

Close the picture so that it does not distract the audience

Which of the following are true of an effectively communicated message?

Effective messages match what the speaker intended to communicate. Effective messages are communicated both verbally and nonverbally.

Alejandro has to speak to his company's sales staff to convince them to accept a new commission structure. He is stressed out because he knows he does not speak well and they are going to be angry at him for suggesting the new plan. He keeps envisioning himself being the target of anger and failing to make the audience consider the new plan. What will probably happen when Alejandro gives his speech?

He will not motivate people and they will be angry with him.

What should you focus on when presenting your speech?

Speaking rate Speaking expressively Voice volume

Which of the following is what is communicated by the speaker?

The message

Anson was about to give his first speech to his class. Just before he started, he looked out at the room and smiled. Why would an expert recommend that Anson do this?

To establish rapport

What is the first task of an introduction?

To generate audience interest

Jeven was anxious about the speech he was about to give the class. His classmate Myra told him to make a fist and take a deep breath, and then release his fist as he exhaled. Why did Myra suggest this?

To help Jeven calm his nerves

During the speech communication process,

a message can be delivered through a single channel. multiple channels can be used simultaneously. messages are communicated via channels.

Asia rarely uses gestures in normal conversation. Now she has to present a speech, and Lanae told her she must gesture frequently. Asia does not know what to what to do. What would you recommend?

Tell her not to gesture in her speech unless she feels compelled to.

What do students often learn about their first speech?

That it is somewhat enjoyable

The seven elements of the speech communication process

are present no matter what type of speech communication is used. vary widely depending on the type of communication.

Choosing a speech topic that has personal meaning to you allows you to

build your confidence.

In the process of communication, the channel is defined as

the means by which a message is communicated.

The United States is

the most culturally diverse society in the world.

If you are given the task of introducing yourself in your first speech, you should

narrow your scope to one or two events.

The vital part of visualization is to

picture yourself being successful.

The process of visualization

reduces stage fright.

Experts recommend that people who fear giving a speech should deal with it by

turning the negative fear into a positive excitement.

George is giving a speech to a culturally diverse audience. Which is least necessary for him to pay attention to as he tries to connect with multicultural listeners?

His breathing

Extemporaneous speeches combine the preparation of a manuscript speech with the spontaneity of an impromptu speech. Which of these are recommended reasons for practicing an extemporaneous speech out loud?

It can provide the opportunity for audience feedback. It can help you time your speech accurately. It can help you master the content of your speech.

Braxton is speaking about types of plumbing systems. As he is explaining types of pipes, he realizes that he has reversed the order in which he intended to discuss hot and cold water systems. What should he do?

Proceed as if the mistake did not happen

What is an important piece of advice for people nervous about a speech?

Reduce your speaking pace

Lucia is telling a new home owner how cellulose insulation should be installed, when she sees a puzzled look on his face. She realizes he may not know the construction term she used, so she explains it. He then says, "I understand now." Which skills useful to public speaking does Lucia demonstrate in this encounter?

Responsiveness to the audience Tailoring the message to the audience

Which of the following will be present in the body of your speech?

Transitions Your main points

In the process of communication, interference refers to

anything that blocks the communication of a message.

Jeron has a terrible headache. Because of this, he completely misses the teacher's homework instructions. Which of the following elements caused the communication process to be a failure for Jeron?

internal interference

In the process of communication, situation is defined as

the time and place of the communication.

To help your main points stand out, you should introduce each with a

transition statement.

Alivia is speaking to a groups of leaders from her company about manufacturing processes. Lynda suggests that she look into some methods used in Chinese factories, but Alivia says, "No, they don't really understand how to make a profit over there like we do." What is Alivia displaying?

Ethnocentrism

How has technology made people part of a worldwide network?

Social media is used by people communicating across geographic barriers.

How do students usually feel about presenting their first speech?

They are more nervous than experienced speakers.

Making a speech to a culturally diverse audience

adds an increased degree of difficulty.

The nervousness and anxiety you feel at the start of your speech is a normal consequence of your body's production of

adrenaline.

Experience makes public speaking easier, because the biggest cause of stage fright is

fear of the unknown.

Sofia is giving a speech to her public speaking class. She notices some of her classmates looking out the window and a few others texting on their phones. Based on this ______, she changes the tone of her voice and begins to move more animatedly around the room.

feedback

Most speech instructors prepare students for speeches by

getting them in front of a group to practice as soon as possible.

Fran, a spokesperson for her company, gives a speech harshly criticizing the mayor and his business policies. Fran's boss, however, was upset by the speech and tells her the criticisms were too personal and crossed over the line of decency. The comments made by Fran's boss represent

speech feedback

When you take a speech class,

your instructor accepts that you may be learning new skills.

The most important ancient work on public speaking still followed by speakers today is

Aristotle's Rhetoric.

Martina has a lot of thoughts in her head about an upcoming speech. Some of her thoughts are positive, and some are negative. What would be the best advice to help her manage these thoughts?

Try to have at least five positive thoughts for each negative one

Jedidiah is too scared to look at his audience members while speaking. What should he do?

Look just beside them

While giving a speech, how should your voice sound?

Loud enough to be heard throughout the room

Which of the following examples demonstrates the most direct channel to the intended audience?

Roy demonstrates how to carve wooden duck decoys to a group of students sitting around a bench

During speech preparation, critical thinking—in its broadest sense—is important because speakers must be able to do which of the following?

See relationships between ideas Assess the soundness of evidence Spot weaknesses in arguments

Select all following items that are true of an effective public speaker.

The speaker tries to avoid vocalized pauses, such as "um." The speaker tries to anticipate listeners' questions. The speaker tries to effectively organize the ideas to be presented.

In the process of communication, the situation includes which of the following?

The time the communication happens The physical setting of a speech The public speaking venue

What should you do if you are nervous as you are about to begin a speech?

Try to relax through breathing or movement

The process of identifying weaknesses in other people's speeches to prevent you from having the same weaknesses is one element of

critical thinking

Larry is asked to tell a group about himself in a five-minute introduction. At first, he thinks of everything interesting he has done since he was a child. Then he realizes that he has several stories, each of which would take at least ten minutes to explain. He decides to tell how he excels in mathematics and how he once used math to save people trapped in a bus. Larry has just

focused his topic.

Which rules are good for beginning speakers to follow?

Project clearly Slow down Speak up

Luisa is giving an extemporaneous speech on her favorite vacation spot and has created note cards with information from her speech. How often should Luisa use her note cards during her speech?

She should use them only when she needs help remembering a point.

Which one of the following is not considered to be public speaking?

Speaking on the telephone with a friend

Which of the following are associated with effective extemporaneous speaking?

Speaking with spontaneity Using brief note cards Knowing the subject very well

A speaker would more likely do which of the following during a formal speech than in daily conversation?

Stand upright and use minimal gestures Follow a preconceived order of ideas

Elle was making a speech about honeybees. She repeatedly practiced saying, "The sweet rewards of honey create quite a buzz," but she mistakenly says, "Honey rewards people with a sweet buzz." She is crushed, but after her speech, nobody mentions her mistake. What is the most likely reason for this?

The audience did not know what she planned to say, just what she actually said.

Mick is going to speak about how Jim ate a sandwich. First, he was going to say, "Jim took a bite of his delicious turkey club." Instead, he stated that "Jim eagerly hoisted the delicacy to his lips and savored the juicy honey-grilled delight as it blended melodiously with the wholesome wheat bun." Which method did Mick use to develop his topic?

Using colorful or descriptive language

Andreas is giving a speech to convince audience members that they can become millionaires by investing 20% of their income in stocks or real estate. He uses a microphone to make sure they can hear him. As he is talking, it begins to rain loudly, so he closes the windows. After he is done, Aya thanks him and says she did not realize how quickly investments can grow. Which action concerns the speech channel?

Using the microphone

What should you keep in mind about the main points you will use for a two-minute presentation?

You will have time for no more than two or three main points.

Research has shown that people who select speech topics that mean a great deal to them

are more confident and successful.

Most symptoms of nervousness that a speaker feels

are not noticeable to others.

Bronson sends a text message to his friend in China. His friend responds immediately with "great to hear from u!" In the context of the communication process, Bronson's friend's response is called

feedback.

Dot told a gripping story to get her audience's attention before she made her main point. This part of the speech was the

introduction.

Critical thinking is important, because the structure of your speech

mirrors the structure of your thinking.

Helmut is about to make a presentation to his class, but he is very nervous. He feels like he may explode or faint. When the members of the audience see Helmut in front of them, they will

unlikely be able to know how nervous he feels.

Joe is speaking at a funeral, so he decides not to open with a joke. He is responding to the situation. As he begins to speak, someone in another room begins hammering on the wall, causing _______. At the end of his speech, everyone stands up and enthusiastically claps, providing __________.

Blank 1: interference Blank 2: feedback

Which of the following can help most speakers deal with normal nervousness when giving a speech?

Concentrating on sharing your ideas with your audience Recognizing that most nervousness is not usually visible

Katie yells to Carly that the speech will be given at 3 p.m. in Smith Hall. Katie has just described the ______ of the speech.

situation

What should you do when constructing your note cards for speech delivery?

Include as few notes as you can and still present fluently. Make sure you can read them clearly from arm's length distance. Write or print on only one side of the note cards.

Which of the following elements of the speech communication process does the speaker have the most control over?

Message

Which should the introduction to your speech do?

Orient listeners toward your topic Capture the audience's interest Give the audience a clear sense of your purpose

In the context of the speech communication process, which of the following are true about speakers when the speech communication process is successful?

They are interested in what they are speaking about.

Morgan has divided her speech into a segment about what horses eat, a segment about how to exercise horses, and a segment about how to groom horses. What order did Morgan use for the speech?

Topical

In the process of communication, effective public speakers should usually do all of the following except

answer questions during the speech.

Elements of the speech communication process include

channel. interference. message. situation. speaker. feedback. listener.

The objective of public speaking is for the ______ message to be the message that is ______.

intended; actually communicated

Mentally rehearsing for a speech

should be done repeatedly before speaking.

Which of the following can help most speakers deal with nervousness in a public speaking situation?

Visualizing yourself giving a great speech Making eye contact Gaining experience by presenting speeches when given the opportunity Thoroughly preparing your speech

Lincoln gave a speech about how he became a master gardener. He began by telling about how he helped his grandparents with their garden when he was a child, then discussed how he volunteered at a garden center in high school, and then explained how he took several courses from advanced instructors after he went to college. How did Lincoln organize the body of his speech?

Chronologically

What are the three main parts of a speech?

Introduction Body Conclusion

Caitlin has no experience giving speeches, and she is worried that she will not do well in her public speaking class. Which of the following are everyday communication skills similar to those Caitlin will need to succeed in class?

Noticing the facial expressions of the people she talks to Paying attention to how listeners receive her messages Adjusting the message for maximum impact

Gary takes his car to the mechanic because the car vibrates when he applies the brakes. When the mechanic asks him what's wrong with his car, Gary says, "Sometimes I drive too fast, so it may be my fault, but it does this thing, but not always. There's like a noise, but today there isn't. When I try to stop, well, it also rattles when I start the engine on a cold day. It's messed up." What basic skill that is useful in everyday conversation and public speaking is Gary lacking in this example?

Organizing his thoughts logically

Janice is attending an off-campus event featuring a well-known political figure. Toward the end of the speech, the microphone goes out, and Janice cannot hear the speaker's last comments. According to the communication model, which element caused a failure in the communication process?

The channel

As Liberty is presenting her speech, she reinforces her central idea and indicates that the speech will end soon. This means that Liberty is in what part of her speech?

The conclusion