Introduction to Statistics
Interval Measurement
- The level of measurement where data are arranged in some order and the differences between data are meaningful. - No "real zero". Zero(0) does not mean total absence of what is being measured.
Statistics
It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data in order to obtain useful and meaningful information.
Sample
It is a part of a population determined by sampling procedures. It is usually denoted by n.
Data
It is a quantitative or qualitative information.
Variable
It is a specific factor, property, or characteristics of a population or a sample which differentiates a sample or group of samples from another group.
Descriptive statistics
It is a statistical method concerned with describing the properties and characteristics of a set of data.
Inferential Statistics
It is a statistical method concerned with the analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences, interpretation, or conclusion about the entire population.
Descriptive statistics
It is a statistical method that involves data gathering , organizing , describing, and presenting these information
Continuous variable
It is a variable that can be obtained by measuring objects or attributes.
Discrete variable
It is the variable that can be obtained by counting.
Qualitative data
It refers to descriptive attributes that cannot be subjected to mathematical operations.
Quantitative data
It refers to numerical information obtained from counting or measuring that which be manipulated by any fundamental operation.
Organization of Data
It refers to the ascertaining data into tables , graphs, or charts so that logical and statistical conclusions can be drawn from the collected measurements.
Analysis of data
It refers to the process of extracting from the given data relevant information from which numerical description can be formulated.
Collection of Data
It refers to the process of obtaining information.
Interpolation of data
It refers to the task of drawing conclusions from the analyzed data.
Population
It refers to the totality of all the elements or persons for which one has an interest at a particular time .
Ratio
This is an interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point.
Nominal Measurement
This level of measurement depicts the presence or absence of a certain attribute. This usually involves the random assignment of numbers to represent the attribute.
Ordinal Measurement
This level of measurement provides the degree of the presence of an attribute. Usually , data is classified according to order or ranks.
