Introspection

I Spy Experiment

(Phenomenal will) Manipulation of priority. Confederate and subject. Mouse stops due to confederate, subject more likely to think she was the one who initiated the stop

Conclusion of Nisbett and Wilson

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Insufficient justification

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Results of pill shock experiment

1st placebo group took more shock. When asked why explained reasoning of other things. Ex: experience, worry about shock.

Mohr Introspective transparency

Cannot be manipulated. Permanent emotions and beliefs

Theory of Mind

Commonsense psychological explanation. (implicit, a priori theory)

Split Brain Studies

Corpus callosum is severed, Two hemispheres of brain cannot communicate. Subjects verbal behavior becomes dissociated

Evidence against intropsection

Dissonance reduction. Influences on helping (people claim presence of others does not influence their behavior)

Pill and Shock experiment

Electric shocks, some subjects told placebo pill would give the symptoms of electric shock, others told symptoms not related to electric shock.

Evidence in favor of introspective

Intentions, introspecting mental rotation

Carruther's evidence

Nisbett/ Wilson results/ dissonance studies/ hypnotic suggestion

Conclusion of Nisbett and Wilson

People cannot accurately resort the effects of stimuli and their responses. Subjects may base their reports on implicit, a priori theories rather than direct introspection.

Confabulation argument

People confabulate attribution of their own propositional attitude events, while being under the impression that they are introspecting

Verbal protocol analysis

Thinking aloud as one works on a problem

Carruthers Introspective opacity

access to our own judgments and decisions is based on interpretation.

P-will and E-will

are doubly dissociable

Nisbett Wilson Introspective opacity

believe that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes they do not do it on the basis on introspection but they base them on implicit causal theories.

Locke Introspective transparency

does not think you should say that anything thinks without being conscious of it. He believes thinking consists of being conscious that one thinks

Influences on helping behavior

effect of the presence of others on a persons decision to help someone in need (less likely to help when others are present)

Typical confabulations

initial response is typically I don't know

Hypnoric suggestion

people perform actions under hypnotic suggestion, When asked why they often confabulte

Illusions of control

subject has the feel in of consciously willing but doesn't actually cause any action. Sports superstitions, lucky charms.

Automatisms/ action projection

subjects actually causes an action, but lacks the feeling of conscious will. Ex: ouija boards, facilitated communication

Introspection

to access ones own mental states or processes. Beliefs, desires, decisions, emotional states.

Introspective transparency

unlimited access to ones own mental states and processes

Introspective opacity

very limited access to ones own mental states and processes

Questioning introspective transparency

we often make mistakes when reporting out mental processes, misidentify the causes of our own behavior.

Dissonance Theory

weak reason (high dissonance) should compensate by reacting less strongly to the shocks. More likely to say shock was less intense and show lower GSRs than low dissonance subjects

Empirical will

what does the CAUSING when you act, you are not conscious of empirical will . Actually cause without experiencing the feeling of consciously willing that action.

Wegner's phenomenal will

what you FEEL when you act, feelings of control, ownership authorship, it is a conscious mental process