ISAT 100 Test 2
When it reaches its largest size, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is a. about as large as North America. b. about the same size as France. c. smaller than Iceland. d. about the same size as Canada.
a. about as large as North America.
Ozone in our atmosphere is important because it a. absorbs some UV radiation. b. helps trees grow. c. reacts with excess CO2. d. reflects IR radiation.
a. absorbs some UV radiation.
During a chemical reaction, a. atoms are rearranged. b. some atoms are destroyed and new ones are formed. c. some elements are destroyed and new ones are formed. d. the law of conservation of matter and mass may be briefly violated.
a. atoms are rearranged.
A substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called a(n) a. compound. b. mixture. c. element. d. isotope.
a. compound.
Except in the case of hydrocarbons, when naming virtually all compounds made up of two elements, the second element mentioned a. ends in "ide." b. is preceded by "mono" (or occasionally "mon"). c. is always the more metallic element. d. is the one present in the greater number of atoms.
a. ends in "ide."
A statement that the energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy represents the a. first law of thermodynamics. b. second law of thermodynamics. c. third law of thermodynamics. d. law of increasing entropy.
a. first law of thermodynamics.
The water in a swimming pool is cooler than the surrounding sidewalk because it a. has a higher specific heat. b. has weaker attractive forces. c. loses heat more rapidly. d. has a lower density.
a. has a higher specific heat.
The most numerous of the elements are the a. metals. b. non metals. c. metalloids. d. noble gases.
a. metals.
Two isotopes of a particular element differ from one another by the number of a. neutrons. b. protons. c. protons, neutrons, and electrons. d. protons plus electrons.
a. neutrons.
In reference to waves, frequency is the a. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second. b. height of the wave. c. distance between successive peaks in a wave. d. distance between a peak in a wave to the next trough.
a. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
Elements in the same column of the periodic table in the Groups labeled A tend to have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of a. outer (valence) electrons. b. protons. c. protons plus electrons. d. protons plus neutrons.
a. outer (valence) electrons.
The wavelength of light in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a. smaller than a virus. b. intermediate between the size of a bacterial cell and a virus. c. about the size of a bacterial cell. d. larger than either a bacterial cell or a virus.
a. smaller than a virus.
Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter? a. soot b. ozone c. sulfur dioxide d. carbon monoxide
a. soot
The process by which solids vaporize without first becoming a liquid is called a. sublimation. b. condensation. c. evaporation. d. boiling.
a. sublimation.
The lowest (or closest to the ground) layer of our atmosphere is the a. troposphere. b. ozone layer. c. stratosphere. d. mesosphere.
a. troposphere.
Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the ________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________. a. troposphere; stratosphere b. stratosphere; mesosphere c. stratosphere; troposphere d. mesosphere; stratosphere
a. troposphere; stratosphere
Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order: a. ultraviolet > visible > infrared. b. visible > infrared > ultraviolet. c. infrared > visible > ultraviolet. d. ultraviolet > infrared > visible.
a. ultraviolet > visible > infrared.
Your body judges temperature a. very poorly, sensing only heat flow. b. within 5°C of the actual temperature. c. better than most thermometers. d. None of the above.
a. very poorly, sensing only heat flow.
Of five major gaseous components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day? a. water vapor b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. argon
a. water vapor
Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to balance this equation. ____ C2H4(g) + ____ O2(g) → ____ CO2(g) + ____ H2O(g) a. 1, 1, 2, 2 b. 1, 3, 2, 2 c. 2, 3, 4, 2 d. 2, 2, 4, 2
b. 1, 3, 2, 2
There are approximately 2 × 10^22 molecules and atoms in each breath we take and the concentration of CO in the air is approximately 9 parts per million. Approximately how many CO molecules are in each breath we take? a. 2 × 10^15 b. 1.8 × 10^17 c. 2 × 10^16 d. 2 × 10^29
b. 1.8 × 10^17
WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that carries the station's signal? a. 6.42 × 10^¯9 m b. 3.21 m c. 3.21 × 10^6 m d. 3.12 × 10^15 m
b. 3.21 m
If 500 mL of air contains 2 x 1022 particles (atoms and molecules), how many particles do you inhale in one day if you breathe 15000 L of air? a. 2 x 10^22 b. 6 x 10^26 c. 1.2 x 10^27 d. 5 x 10^24
b. 6 x 10^26
The quantity 0.0000064 g expressed in scientific notation is: a. 6.4 × 106 g b. 6.4 × 10¯6 g c. 6.4 × 107 g d. 6.4 × 10¯7 g
b. 6.4 × 10¯6 g
UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 10^17 s¯1. What is the energy of a photon of this light? a. 1.99 × 10^¯42 J b. 6.63 × 10^¯17 J c. 4.19 × 10^8 J d. 1.51 × 10^50 J
b. 6.63 × 10^¯17 J
Which differentiates a compound from a mixture of two or more elements? a. The elements in a compound may be present in varying proportions. b. A compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the elements of which it is composed. c. A compound is made up of only one element. d. A compound cannot be made up of more than two elements.
b. A compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the elements of which it is composed.
What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone? a. As chlorine increases, ozone increases. b. As chlorine increases, ozone decreases. c. As chlorine changes, the effect on the ozone level is unpredictable. d. As chlorine changes, there is no effect of the ozone level.
b. As chlorine increases, ozone decreases.
Which thermodynamic law says that you cannot convert 100 percent of a heat source into mechanical energy? a. first law of thermodynamics b. second law of thermodynamics c. third law of thermodynamics d. law of increasing entropy
b. second law of thermodynamics
When only one pair of shared electrons is involved in a covalent bond, the linkage is called a ______ bond. a. triple b. single c. double d. resonant
b. single
Adding heat to a substance a. always results in a temperature increase. b. sometimes does not result in a temperature change. c. sometimes results in results in a temperature decrease. d. None of the above.
b. sometimes does not result in a temperature change.
The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius is known as a. latent heat. b. specific heat. c. a calorie. d. Btu.
b. specific heat.
The Montreal protocol is a a. treaty to protect against global warming. b. treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world. c. list of substitutes for CFCs. d. way to destroy CFCs in the stratosphere.
b. treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world.
What is the temperature that is the same numerical value on both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scale? a. 212º b. 0º c. -40º d. -273º
c. -40º
Which shows the balanced equation for the reaction of nitrogen (black atom), as it is normally found in our atmosphere, with oxygen (white atom), as it is normally found in our atmosphere, to form nitrogen dioxide? a. 2 black + 2 white = 1 white 2 black b. 1 black + 2 white = 1 white 2 black c. 2 black + 2 white + 2 white = 1 white 2 black + 1 white 2 black d. 2 black + 2 white + 2 white = 2 black 4 white
c. 2 black + 2 white + 2 white = 1 white 2 black + 1 white 2 black
Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to yield a balanced equation. 1 black + 2 white = 1 black 1 white a. 1, 1, 1 b. 2, 1, 1 c. 2, 1, 2 d. 1, 1, 2
c. 2, 1, 2
What is the average temperature of healthy humans on the Celsius scale? a. 100º b. 68º c. 37º d. 20º
c. 37º
Which of the following is the chemical symbol for silver? a. Au b. Pb c. Ag d. Fe
c. Ag
HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC? a. CH2Cl-CCl2F b. CH2FCl c. CF3CH2F d. CHClF2
c. CF3CH2F
Catalytic converters reduce the amount of ________ in car exhaust. a. O3 b. CO2 c. CO d. N2
c. CO
Which substance is an element? a. NO2 b. NaCl c. N2 d. CH4
c. N2
Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with oxygen (O2) to form NO? a. 2 NO → N2 + O2 b. N2 + O2 → NO c. N2 + O2 → 2 NO d. NO → N2 + O2
c. N2 + O2 → 2 NO
Which component of the air is an element? a. H2O b. NO2 c. O2 d. CO2
c. O2
Which two gases make up more than 95% of an inhaled breath? a. NO2 and N2 b. CO2 and O2 c. O2 and N2 d. N2 and Ar
c. O2 and N2
The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm. Express this number as a percentage. a. 90% b. 9% c. 0.09% d. 0.0009%
d. 0.0009%
Which of the following would be described as "fine particles"? a. SOx b. NOx c. O3 d. 2.5 μm diameter soot
d. 2.5 μm diameter soot
In what year will all production and importation of HCFCs end in the United States? a. 2012 b. 2020 c. 2030 d. 2015
d. 2015
A particular sample of air is 2.5% water vapor. Express the concentration of water vapor in parts per million (ppm). a. 0.0000025 ppm b. 0.025 ppm c. 250 ppm d. 25000 ppm
d. 25000 ppm
Yellow light has a wavelength of 580 nm. What is the frequency of this light? a. 2.39 × 10^¯19 s^¯1 b. 1.80 × 10^¯7 s^¯1 c. 5.17 × 10^5 s^¯1 d. 5.17 × 10^14 s^¯1
d. 5.17 × 10^14 s^¯1
The quantity 8.7 × 10^5 g expressed in standard decimal notation is: a. 0.000087 g b. 870.000 g c. 0.0000087 g d. 870,000 g
d. 870,000 g
A passive solar home with direct solar gain requires a. a large, open window space. b. a calculated overhang. c. storage mass without carpets or drapes. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to a. increased incidences of melanomas. b. harm to young marine life. c. an increased occurrence of cataracts. d. All of these choices are correct.
d. All of these choices are correct.
During the Antarctic spring, ozone is destroyed at a greater rate than it is formed a. on the surface of atmospheric ice crystals. b. in a process that is catalytic. c. in polar stratospheric clouds. d. All of these choices are correct.
d. All of these choices are correct.
Results of the Montreal protocol include a. greatly reduced production of CFCs. b. increased production of alternatives to CFCs. c. recycling of CFCs. d. All of these choices are correct.
d. All of these choices are correct.
The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to a. reduce the amount of new production of chlorofluorocarbons in developed countries. b. recycle existing chlorofluorocarbons rather than release them into the air. c. encourage research into substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons. d. All of these choices are correct.
d. All of these choices are correct.
Which is correct? a. Ozone forms by combining an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule. b. There is a dynamic steady state of ozone in the stratosphere. c. UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule. d. All of these choices are correct.
d. All of these choices are correct.
Free radicals are a. highly reactive chemical species. b. species with unpaired electrons. c. species such as H• and •OH. d. All of these correctly describe free radicals.
d. All of these correctly describe free radicals.
The ozone hole is most prominent on the Earth over a. North America. b. Europe. c. Africa. d. Antarctica.
d. Antarctica.
Which is the following incorrectly represents a combustion reaction? a. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O b. S8 + 8 O2 → 8 SO2 c. N2 + 2 O2 → 2 NO2 d. C3H8 + O2 → 3 CO2
d. C3H8 + O2 → 3 CO2
Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? a. Ar b. O2 c. O3 d. CO2
d. CO2
The ________ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rainforest. a. N2 b. O2 c. CO2 d. H2O
d. H2O
Which is/are part of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere? I. Ozone is removed by its reaction with water vapor. II. Ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation. III. Ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules. a. I only b. II only c. I, II and III d. II and III only
d. II and III only
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a neutral atom of 64Cu (atomic number = 29)? a. Protons = 64, neutrons = 29, electrons = 29 b. Protons = 35, neutrons = 29, electrons = 35 c. Protons = 29, neutrons = 64, electrons = 35 d. Protons = 29, neutrons = 35, electrons = 29
d. Protons = 29, neutrons = 35, electrons = 29
Which of the following is a pure substance? a. Lemonade b. Concrete c. Gasoline d. Silver wire
d. Silver wire
The O2 molecule breaks apart at lower wavelengths than the O3 molecule. What is the main reason for this? (Hint: Draw the Lewis structures) a. O2 is more reactive than O3 b. O3 is more reactive than O2 c. The average bond in O3 is shorter and stronger than that of O2 d. The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3
d. The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3
Stratospheric ozone is destroyed and formed at the same rate a. above the equator. b. above the Antarctic in its early spring. c. above the Antarctic in its early fall. d. above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall.
d. above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall.
In the Chapman cycle, ozone formation depends upon a sufficient concentration of oxygen atoms. Which step in the Chapman cycle produces oxygen atoms? a. absorption of light (λ ≤ 320 nm) by ozone molecules b. absorption of light (λ ≤ 320 nm) by oxygen molecules c. absorption of light (λ ≤ 242 nm) by ozone molecules d. absorption of light (λ ≤ 242 nm) by oxygen molecules
d. absorption of light (λ ≤ 242 nm) by oxygen molecules
Molecules in a solid a. are harder than molecules in liquids or gases. b. transfer heat to their neighbors by a process called convection. c. have no internal energy because they are not moving around. d. are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces.
d. are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces.
Water molecules move back and forth between the liquid and gaseous phases a. only when the space above a liquid is not saturated. b. only at 100ºC. c. only when the humidity is low. d. at all times.
d. at all times.
The structure of ozone most closely resembles a a. linear molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds b. linear molecule with the same length of chemical bonds c. bent molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds d. bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds
d. bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds
Which color in the rainbow has the shortest wavelength? a. orange b. red c. yellow d. blue
d. blue
In general, which airborne material is not likely to be affected by the filters or indoor air handling equipment? a. particulates b. pollen c. soot d. carbon monoxide
d. carbon monoxide
Which of the following involves the greatest amount of heat when warming 100 grams of ice? a. warming the ice b. melting the ice c. warming the water d. evaporating the water
d. evaporating the water
Which color, as used in the Air Quality Index, warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous, the most dangerous level? a. orange b. green c. yellow d. maroon
d. maroon
DNA, the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the a. visible region of the spectrum. b. ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm. c. ultraviolet region, especially above a wavelength of 340 nm. d. infrared region of the spectrum.
b. ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm.
where are the metals on the periodic table
on the very left
where are the noble gases on the periodic table
on the very right
True or False A liquid at 20ºC is twice as hot as the liquid at 10ºC.
False
True or False Iron heats up more rapidly than does aluminum because it has a greater specific heat
False
True or False Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat stored in a substance
False
True or False The sum of all the energy of the molecules of an object is called the temperature of that object
False
True or False Liquid water at 0ºC has to give up energy in order to become ice at 0ºC
True
True or False Molecules are the smallest units of matter that retain the characteristic properties of a substance
True
True or False The degrees on the Celsius scale are larger than degrees on the Fahrenheit scale
True
True or False The molecules of a gas are much farther apart than molecules in a solid or liquid
True
True or False The nutritionist's Calorie is really a kilocalorie
True
True or False Water beads up on wax paper because its cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive forces
True
All of these pollutants can be detected by their odors except: a. CO b. O3 c. SOx d. NOx
a. CO
HCFCs have been developed to replace CFCs as refrigerants. Which property of these new compounds makes them environmentally superior to CFCs? a. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone concentration maximum. b. Lower reactivity makes them stable even in the intense ultraviolet light in the stratosphere. c. Their higher molecular weight prevents them from reaching the stratosphere. d. They do not contain chlorine.
a. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone concentration maximum.
Which is the balanced chemical equation showing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposing into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2)? a. H2O2 → H2 + O2 b. H2 + O2 → H2O2 c. 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O2 d. 2 H2O2 → 2 H2 + O2
a. H2O2 → H2 + O2
HCFCs are a temporary solution to the problem of ozone depletion and will be replaced over the next 20 years by which class of compounds? a. HFCs b. CFCs c. halons d. HFBCs
a. HFCs
Which of the following compounds is useful for putting out fires and does not deplete stratospheric ozone concentrations? a. Halon-1211 b. CFC-113 c. HFCs d. Methyl Bromide
a. Halon-1211
What is the primary component of an exhaled breath? a. N2 b. O2 c. CO2 d. H2O
a. N2
Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant? a. N2 b. SO2 c. NO2 d. O3
a. N2
Which of the following are examples of technological advances that have reduced air pollution? (more than one answer) a. Paint with reduced VOCs b. Catalytic converters c. Burning gasoline in leaf blowers d. Low sulfur Diesel fuels
a. Paint with reduced VOCs, c. Burning gasoline in leaf blowers, d. Low sulfur Diesel fuels
Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere? a. UV-A b. UV-B c. UV-C d. They are all absorbed approximately equally.
a. UV-A
What is the role of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) on the destruction of ozone? a. The cold clouds react with ozone to make oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms. b. Chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that do no damage to those that deplete ozone. c. They play no role. d. The clouds are made of chlorine atoms from CFCs.
b. Chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that do no damage to those that deplete ozone.
Why are HFCs environmentally superior to the currently used HCFCs? a. HFCs are not flammable. b. HFCs do not contain chlorine. c. HFCs are lighter and may be transported more easily. d. HFCs are less reactive than HCFCs.
b. HFCs do not contain chlorine.
The chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide is: a. N2O b. NO c. NO2 d. N2O3
b. NO
Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source? a. formaldehyde and unvented space heaters b. O3 and electrical arcing c. radon and glues and solvents d. nicotine and paint and paint thinners
b. O3 and electrical arcing
The attractive forces between unlike molecules is called a. cohesion. b. adhesion. c. diffusion. d. friction.
b. adhesion.
The chemical properties of the elements are chiefly due to the number a. of protons. b. and distribution of the outer electrons. c. and distribution of the inner electrons. d. and distribution of the neutrons.
b. and distribution of the outer electrons.
The heat needed to warm one gram of water one Celsius degree is called a a. joule. b. calorie. c. Btu. d. kilocalorie.
b. calorie.
Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors? a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide
b. carbon monoxide
Which product of the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition? a. oxygen atoms b. chlorine atoms c. fluorine atoms d. hydrogen atoms
b. chlorine atoms
Which contributes to the ozone hole? a. automobile exhaust b. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) c. loss of Northern forests d. All of these choices are correct.
b. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
The transfer of heat that occurs when energy moves from molecules to molecule is called a. convection. b. conduction. c. radiation. d. phase change.
b. conduction.
P2O5 is the chemical formula for a. pentoxygen diphosphide. b. diphosphorus pentoxide. c. dioxygen pentaphosphide. d. monophosphorus pentoxide.
b. diphosphorus pentoxide.
On a Periodic Table, the columns of elements with similar properties are a. periods. b. groups. c. rows. d. metals.
b. groups.
Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds a. have 1, 2, and 3 shared electrons, respectively. b. have 2, 4, and 6 shared electrons, respectively. c. have 3, 6, and 9 shared electrons, respectively. d. are only possible between carbon atoms.
b. have 2, 4, and 6 shared electrons, respectively.
As the ozone hole gets more pronounced, with time, one expects the incidence of skin cancer to a. decrease worldwide. b. increase worldwide. c. increase in the northern hemisphere and decrease in the southern hemisphere. d. decrease in the northern hemisphere and decrease in the northern hemisphere.
b. increase worldwide.
Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and a. react directly with stratospheric ozone to destroy it. b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone. c. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone. d. react with free radicals to remove carbon dioxide.
b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone.
The wavelength of light in the visible range is a. about the size of an atom of carbon. b. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and a virus. c. about the diameter of a CD. d. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and the diameter of a CD.
b. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and a virus.
Based on its name, which carbon compound contains the fewest carbon atoms? a. ethanol b. methane c. chlorobutane d. propyl alcohol
b. methane
Ozone is a secondary pollutant. A secondary pollutant is a. not as hazardous as a primary pollutant. b. not produced directly but as the product of the interaction of two or more pollutants. c. one that is naturally present in our atmosphere. d. one that is less hazardous than a primary pollutant.
b. not produced directly but as the product of the interaction of two or more pollutants.
The atomic number is the a. same as the mass number of an atom. b. number of protons in a nucleus. c. number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. d. number of neutrons in a nucleus.
b. number of protons in a nucleus.
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______, but different numbers of ______. a. electrons; protons b. protons; neutrons c. neutrons; protons d. protons; electrons
b. protons; neutrons
Arrange these types of radiation in order of increasing energy per photon: gamma rays, infrared radiation, radio waves, visible light, UV (ultra violet) a. radio waves<visible light<UV <infrared radiation<gamma rays b. radio waves< infrared radiation<visible light< UV<gamma rays c. infrared radiation<radio waves<visible light < UV<gamma rays d. gamma rays< infrared radiation<UV<radio waves< visible light
b. radio waves< infrared radiation<visible light< UV<gamma rays
What is special about the South Pole versus the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the south Pole? a. Ozone molecules are broken up by magnetic forces at the South Pole. b. The atmosphere is colder at the North Pole than at the South Pole. c. Polar stratospheric clouds form almost exclusively at the South Pole. d. There is more land mass at the South Pole than at the North Pole.
c. Polar stratospheric clouds form almost exclusively at the South Pole.
The morning newspaper reports a UV Index Forecast of 6.5. What precautions, if any should a fair skinned person take? a. None. b. Only sunglasses and maybe a hat is enough. c. Reduce exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in addition to SPF 15+ sunscreen. d. All precautions must be taken; this is an extreme UV day.
c. Reduce exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in addition to SPF 15+ sunscreen.
Why are HFCs inappropriate for long-term replacement of CFCs? a. They are flammable. b. They are very toxic. c. They absorb infrared radiation. d. They are an appropriate replacement.
c. They absorb infrared radiation.
Which of the following is most biologically damaging type of radiation? a. UV-A b. UV-B c. UV-C d. Infrared
c. UV-C
Which statement is correct? a. UV-A is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. b. UV-B is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. c. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. d. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C are equally energetic.
c. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
Which is not a pure substance? a. helium b. copper wire c. air d. sucrose
c. air
CFCs were originally developed to replace which refrigerant compound(s)? a. ice b. HCFCs c. ammonia and sulfur dioxide d. propane
c. ammonia and sulfur dioxide
Light behaves like a. a particle. b. a wave. c. both a particle and a wave. d. neither a particle nor a wave.
c. both a particle and a wave.
Halons differ from CFCs in that the atoms of ______ replace some ______ atoms. a. iodine; chlorine b. hydrogen; chlorine c. bromine; chlorine d. silicon; carbon
c. bromine; chlorine
Wavelength is the a. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second. b. height of the wave. c. distance between successive peaks in a wave. d. distance between a peak of one wave and the next trough.
c. distance between successive peaks in a wave.
The heat death of the universe is a theoretical time in the future when the universe is supposed to a. have a high enough temperature to kill all living things. b. have a very high temperature, vaporizing all matter. c. freeze at a uniform low temperature. d. use up the entire supply of entropy.
c. freeze at a uniform low temperature.
The "ozone layer" is found a. only around the equator. b. in the troposphere. c. in the stratosphere. d. in the mesosphere.
c. in the stratosphere.
The speed of light in air a. depends only on the frequency of the light. b. depends only on the wavelength of light. c. is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light. d. depends on both the wavelength and the frequency of light.
c. is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light.
When water vapor condenses to a liquid a. it absorbs energy from the surroundings. b. its temperature drops sharply. c. it transfers heat to the surroundings. d. its temperature rises slightly.
c. it transfers heat to the surroundings.
Air is a(n) a. element. b. compound. c. mixture. d. pure substance.
c. mixture.
A(n) __________ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement. a. element b. ion c. molecule d. mixture
c. molecule
It is the _____ electrons that account for many of the chemical and physical properties of elements. a. innermost b. intermediate c. outermost d. transitional
c. outermost
When the evaporation rate equals the condensation rate, the space above the liquid is a. heating. b. cooling. c. saturated. d. in a phase change.
c. saturated.
The mass number of an isotope of an element is the a. sum of the number of its protons and electrons. b. number of its protons. c. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons. d. sum of the number of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.
c. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons.
What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another? a. the number of neutrons b. the number of protons plus neutrons c. the number of protons d. the number of neutrons plus electrons
c. the number of protons
When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant? a. a person's lung capacity b. a person's breathing rate c. the toxicity of the pollutant d. the concentration in air of the pollutant
c. the toxicity of the pollutant
In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties? a. those in the same rows b. those related diagonally c. those in the same columns d. those on opposite sides
c. those in the same columns
If we assume that the top of Mt. Everest is the highest land mass on earth, hikers who scale its summit are standing in the a. mesosphere. b. stratosphere. c. troposphere. d. ozone layer.
c. troposphere.
The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide, SO2, a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form SO3. Sulfur trioxide dissolves into airborne water droplets to form a very corrosive solution of sulfuric acid. Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide? a. carbon dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. particles of ash
d. particles of ash
The nucleus of an atom contains a. electrons and protons only. b. protons only. c. electrons, protons, and neutrons. d. protons and neutrons only.
d. protons and neutrons only.
Which is not a mixture? a. a jar filled with rocks and sand b. sea water c. a glass of Kool-Aid d. sodium chloride
d. sodium chloride
In the equation: Q = mc∆t, the c stands for the a. heat of vaporization. b. number of calories gained or lost. c. convection coefficient. d. specific heat.
d. specific heat.
In Earth's atmosphere, where is the ozone layer? a. troposphere b. biosphere c. mesosphere d. stratosphere
d. stratosphere
Green chemistry is a. the study of how to improve the production of oxygen via photosynthesis. b. any chemistry having an agricultural base. c. the cause of the higher temperatures and humidity typically found in greenhouses. d. the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.
d. the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.
What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants? a. exposure and ppm b. percentage and ppm c. toxicity and percentage d. toxicity and exposure
d. toxicity and exposure
The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are a. oxygen and carbon monoxide. b. sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. c. sulfur oxides and hydrogen. d. water and carbon dioxide.
d. water and carbon dioxide.
Balance this equation P4 + Cl2 → PCl5 with the smallest whole number coefficients. Choose the answer that is the sum of the coefficients. Do not forget coefficients of "one". a. 7 b. 9 c. 11 d. 13 e. 15
e. 15
