ISB exam 3

What percentage of DNA sequences do all humans share?

>99%

Which of the following is a feature of the Lost City?

All of the above

Which of the following is not a reason that makes it difficult to classify Protists into a single Eukaryotic group?

All protists have a nucleus

Which of the following is NOT true about Stromatolites?

Are layered structures of Archaea

Of the photosynthetic Eukaryotes that live on land, only non-vascular plants such as bryophytes (mosses) need to live in moist environments to assure successful reproduction.

False

While beta-lactam antibiotics could kill sensitive bacterial cells, they would not affect human cells because human cells have a cell wall made up of cellulose and not peptidoglycan.

False

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Having ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. _____________ are a group of plants that are considered to be closest to the plants that first lived on land.

Mosses/Bryophytes

The term "MRSA" as it is used today refers to

S. aureus bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics

Our closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, have light-colored skin yet live in tropical (high-UV) environments. How would the hypothesis on the evolution of skin tone based on exposure to UV light explain this observation?

The hair of chimpanzees protects their light skin from UV light

What do mosquitos, snails, and earthworms have in common?

They are all invertebrates

Of the following traits that are associated with being human, which evolved most recently?

a big brain

When examining archaea, which of the following is not a trait that you could expect to find?

a nucleus

According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis of human origins and migration, which group of people should show the highest level of genetic diversity?

africans

If you were looking for a bacterium, where would expect to find one?

any of the above

Which of the following is not a characteristic found in at least some organisms in the domain Eukarya?

cells lacking a nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a feature of all animals?

defined body symmetry

A sensitive S. aureus bacterium acquires a new gene that allows it to resist the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics (that is, the bacterium is now resistant). What might the protein encoded by that gene do?

digest (breakdown) beta-lactam antibiotics

The evolution of antibiotic resistance is an example of

directional selection

The absence of membrane-bound organelles in a cell tells you that the cell must be

domain bacteria and domain archea

Organisms are placed into one or another of the three domains of life on the basis of

evolutionary history as assessed by genetic relatedness

Archaea are considered to be evolutionally more related to bacteria than eukaryotes.

false

Given that they make their own food using photosynthesis, plants referred to as heterotrophs among all Eukaryotes.

false

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms. Based on observations about skin tone, scientists hypothesized that darker skin is advantageous in __________ UV environments because darker skin ___________.

high; protects folate from degradation

In the course of human evolution, which of the following environmental factors likely influenced whether a population had mostly light-skinned individuals or mostly dark-skinned individuals?

levels of UV light

If we take the fittest bacterium from one environment—one in which the antibiotic amoxicillin is abundant, for example—and place it in an environment in which a different antibiotic is abundant, will it retain its high degree of fitness?

not necessarily; fitness depends on the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce, and it may not do this as well in a different environment

A major difference between a fern and a conifer is

the presence of seeds and pollen

What is the environmental pressure in the case of antibiotic resistance?

the presence or absence of antibiotics in the environment

MRSA is most likely to be problematic if found in the blood stream.

true

Which of the following were the last animals to arrive on land and include fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals. However, this group is a small fraction of the total animal diversity on the planet.

vertebrates

Which of the following would help darker-skinned people who live in low-UV environments remain healthy?

vitamin D supplementation

Can S. aureus be present in or on a person who has no evidence of an infection?

yes; S. aureus is a common skin bacterium