isds ch 4

To calculate the probability of the union of two mutually exclusive events A and B,

we add the probability of A to the probability of B.

A probability based on logical analysis rather than on observation or personal judgment is BEST referred to as a(n):

classical probability.

For any given event, the probability of that event and the probability of the..... of the event must sum to one.

complement

a sample space....

contains all possible outcomes of the experiment

According to the famous law of large numbers, the.... probability approaches the..... probability if the experiment is run a very large number of times

empircal classical

The relative frequency of an event is used to calculate what type of probability?

empirical

Union of two events

events A and B is the event containing all sample points that are in A or B or both

the intersection of two events

events A and B is the set of all sample points that are in both A and B

exhaustive events

events include all outcomes in the sample space at least one event necessarily occurs when the experiment is performed

experiment

a process that leads to one of several possible outcomes

dependent events

The outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the second event

independent events

The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event if P(A|B)/B = P(A) it is independent

For mutually exclusive events A and B, the joint probability is

0

the multiplication rule

A rule of probability stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities.

the complement of an event

All possible outcomes that are not in the event

probabilities are based on the assumption that all outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.

Classical

how do you Calculate P(A U B)

P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

the complement rule

P(A^c) = 1 - P(A) the probability of the compliment is 1 - the probability of the event

events are mutually exclusive if

The occurrence of any one event means that none of the others cannot occur at the same time

Probability

a numeric value that measures the likelihood that an event occurs ranges from 0 to 1 o means impossible 1 means definite possibility

an event is ....

any subset of outcomes of an experiment

in a contingency table, joint probabilities represent the ...... of two events.

intersection

P(A|B)P(B) is referred to as the ..... rule for probabilities.

multiplication

how do you calculate P(A ∩ B)

multiply A and B

How many outcomes of an experiment constitute a simple event?

one

The sum of the probabilities of a list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is...

one

the addition rule

probability that A or B occurs is equal to p(A) + p(B) - P( A n B)

marginal totals

row and column totals in a two-way table

contingency table

summarizes data for two categorical variables, where each cell represents a mutually exclusive combination of variable 1 and variable 2

Conditional Probability

the probability that one event happens given that another event is already known to have happened

Marginal probabilities are also known as ..... probabilities

unconditional