isds ch 4
To calculate the probability of the union of two mutually exclusive events A and B,
we add the probability of A to the probability of B.
A probability based on logical analysis rather than on observation or personal judgment is BEST referred to as a(n):
classical probability.
For any given event, the probability of that event and the probability of the..... of the event must sum to one.
complement
a sample space....
contains all possible outcomes of the experiment
According to the famous law of large numbers, the.... probability approaches the..... probability if the experiment is run a very large number of times
empircal classical
The relative frequency of an event is used to calculate what type of probability?
empirical
Union of two events
events A and B is the event containing all sample points that are in A or B or both
the intersection of two events
events A and B is the set of all sample points that are in both A and B
exhaustive events
events include all outcomes in the sample space at least one event necessarily occurs when the experiment is performed
experiment
a process that leads to one of several possible outcomes
dependent events
The outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the second event
independent events
The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event if P(A|B)/B = P(A) it is independent
For mutually exclusive events A and B, the joint probability is
0
the multiplication rule
A rule of probability stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities.
the complement of an event
All possible outcomes that are not in the event
probabilities are based on the assumption that all outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.
Classical
how do you Calculate P(A U B)
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).
the complement rule
P(A^c) = 1 - P(A) the probability of the compliment is 1 - the probability of the event
events are mutually exclusive if
The occurrence of any one event means that none of the others cannot occur at the same time
Probability
a numeric value that measures the likelihood that an event occurs ranges from 0 to 1 o means impossible 1 means definite possibility
an event is ....
any subset of outcomes of an experiment
in a contingency table, joint probabilities represent the ...... of two events.
intersection
P(A|B)P(B) is referred to as the ..... rule for probabilities.
multiplication
how do you calculate P(A ∩ B)
multiply A and B
How many outcomes of an experiment constitute a simple event?
one
The sum of the probabilities of a list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is...
one
the addition rule
probability that A or B occurs is equal to p(A) + p(B) - P( A n B)
marginal totals
row and column totals in a two-way table
contingency table
summarizes data for two categorical variables, where each cell represents a mutually exclusive combination of variable 1 and variable 2
Conditional Probability
the probability that one event happens given that another event is already known to have happened
Marginal probabilities are also known as ..... probabilities
unconditional
