ISE 2500 Midterm 1

Two important relationships that determine the flow of molten metal in casting are which of the following (two correct answers): (a) Bernoulli's theorem, (b) Chvorinov's rule, (c) continuity law, (d) flow curve, (e) Hooke's law, or (f) Ohm's law?

(a) and (c).

Which of the following riser types are completely enclosed within the sand mold and connected to the main cavity by a channel to feed the molten metal (two correct answers): (a) blind riser, (b) open riser, (c) side riser, and (d) top riser?

(a) and (c).

Which of the following alloying elements are most commonly associated with stainless steel (two best answers): (a) chromium, (b) manganese, (c) molybdenum, (d) nickel, and (e) tungsten?

(a) and (d).

Which of the following processes start with a material that is in a fluid or semifluid state and solidifies the material in a cavity (two correct answers): (a) casting, (b) forging, (c) machining, (d) molding, (e) pressing, and (f) turning?

(a) and (d).

Which of the following are referred to as thin film deposition processes (two correct answers): (a) chemical vapor deposition, (b) electroplating, (c) extrusion, (d) painting, and (e) physical vapor deposition?

(a) and (e).

Which of the following casting processes are permanent mold operations (two correct answers): (a) centrifugal casting, (b) expanded polystyrene process, (c) sand casting, (d) shell molding, (e) slush casting, and (f) vacuum molding.

(a) and (e).

Which of the following cost categories are considered to be variable costs rather than fixed costs (two correct answers): (a) direct labor, (b) equipment, (c) insurance, (d) maintenance, (e) work material, and (f) research and development?

(a) and (e).

In general, ceramics are characterized by which of the following properties (four best answers): (a) brittleness, (b) chemical inertness, (c) electrically insulating, (d) high electrical conductivity, (e) high hardness, (f) high thermal conductivity, (g) low density, and (h) low thermal conductivity?

(a), (b), (c), and (e).

Which of the following are advantages of die casting over sand casting (four best answers): (a) better surface finish, (b) closer tolerances, (c) higher melting temperature metals can be cast, (d) higher production rates, (e) larger parts can be cast, and (f) mold can be reused?

(a), (b), (d), and (f).

A unit operation is defined as a single manufacturing step in the sequence of steps required to transform a starting material into a final part or product: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

A binary phase diagram is a phase diagram indicating the phases of two metallic elements as a function of composition and temperature at atmospheric pressure: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

As temperature is increased to slightly above 912C (1674F), pure iron transforms into which one of the following phases: (a) austenite, (b) cementite, (c) delta, or (d) ferrite?

(a).

Hooke's Law defines which one of the following regions of the stress strain relationship for engineering materials: (a) elastic region, (b) plastic region, or (c) neither?

(a).

Which one of the following types of stress strain relationship best describes the behavior of metals at temperatures above their respective recrystallization points: (a) elastic and perfectly plastic, (b) elastic and strain hardening, (c) perfectly elastic, or (d) none of the above?

(a).

The inverse lever rule is used to determine which one of the following in a binary phase diagram: (a) the compositions of the solid and liquid phases, (b) the proportions of each phase present at a given temperature, or (c) the temperatures of the solidus and liquidus for a given composition?

(b)

Which of the following qualifies as a precision-casting process (two correct answers): (a) ingot casting, (b) investment casting, (c) plaster-mold casting, (d) sand casting, and (e) shell molding?

(b) and (c).

Ceramics are characterized by which two of the following bonding types: (a) adhesive, (b) covalent, (c) hydrogen, (d) ionic, (e) metallic, and (f) van der Waals?

(b) and (d).

Which of the following names are applied to a process in which a molten metal is poured into a heated lower die, and the upper die is closed to create the mold cavity only after solidification begins (two correct answers): (a) liquid-metal casting, (b) liquid-metal forging, (c) rheocasting, (d) squeeze casting, or (e) thixocasting?

(b) and (d).

An alloy is a metal composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is metallic. The two main categories of alloys are which two of the following: (a) alloids, (b) intermediate phases, (c) metal compounds, (d) phase solutions, and (e) solid solutions?

(b) and (e).

Ferrous metals include which of the following (two correct answers): (a) aluminum, (b) cast iron, (c) copper, (d) gold, and (e) steel?

(b) and (e).

Traditional brass is an alloy of which of the following metallic elements (two correct answers): (a) aluminum, (b) copper, (c) gold, (d) tin, and (e) zinc?

(b) and (e).

Polymers are characterized by which two of the following bonding types: (a) adhesive, (b) covalent, (c) hydrogen, (d) ionic, (e) metallic, and (f) van der Waals?

(b) and (f).

Twinning is which of the following (three best answers): (a) elastic deformation, (b) mechanism of plastic deformation, (c) more likely at high deformation rates, (d) more likely in metals with HCP structure, (e) slip mechanism, and (f) type of dislocation?

(b), (c), and (d).

A factory that performs casting processes is called which of the following (one best answer): (a) casting plant, (b) foundry, (c) ingot-making plant, (d) metal working plant, or (e) molding plant?

(b).

Cupolas are furnaces used to melt which of the following metals (one best answer): (a) aluminum, (b) cast iron, (c) steel, or (d) zinc?

(b).

For which one of the following reasons is a green mold named: (a) green is the color of the mold, (b) moisture is contained in the mold, (c) the mold is cured, or (d) the mold is dry?

(b).

From which of the following ores is aluminum derived: (a) alumina, (b) bauxite, (c) cementite, (d) hematite, or (e) scheelite?

(b).

How many atoms are there in the body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell (one correct answer): (a) 8, (b) 9, (c) 10, (d) 12, (e) 14, or (f) 17?

(b).

If engineering stress and true stress were measured simultaneously during a tensile test, which would have the higher value: (a) engineering stress or (b) true stress?

(b).

In a sand-casting mold, the V/A ratio of the riser should be (a) equal to, (b) greater than, or (c) smaller than the V/A ratio of the casting itself?

(b).

In casting, a flask is which one of the following: (a) beverage bottle for workers who perform casting, (b) box which holds the cope and drag, (c) container for holding liquid metal, or (d) metal which extrudes between the mold halves?

(b).

In hot-chamber die-casting machines, molten metal is poured into an unheated chamber from an external melting container, and a piston is used to inject the metal under high pressure into the die cavity: (a) true or (b) false?

(b).

Plain carbon steels are designated in the AISI code system by which of the following: (a) 01XX, (b) 10XX, (c) 11XX, (d) 12XX, or (e) 30XX?

(b).

Products purchased by companies to produce products or provide services are called which one of the following: (a) assembled products, (b) capital goods, (c) consumer goods, (d) final products, or (e) manufactured products?

(b).

The formation of new strain-free grains in a metal that has been heated to an elevated temperature is called which one of the following: (a) hot hardness, (b) recrystallization, (c) strain hardening, or (d) strain softening?

(b).

Deformation processes include which of the following (two correct answers): (a) casting, (b) drilling, (c) extrusion, (d) forging, (e) milling, (f) painting, and (g) sintering?

(c) and (d).

Turbulence during pouring of the molten metal is undesirable for which of the following reasons (two best answers): (a) it causes discoloration of the mold surfaces, (b) it dissolves the binder used to hold together the sand mold, (c) it increases erosion of the mold surfaces, (d) it increases the formation of metallic oxides that can become entrapped during solidification, (e) it increases the mold filling time, and (f) it increases total solidification time?

(c) and (d).

A eutectic alloy is which of the following (two correct answers): (a) the composition in an alloy system at which the two elements are present in equal proportions, (b) the composition in an alloy system for which the solidus and liquidus are at different temperatures, (c) the composition in an alloy system for which the solidus and liquidus are at the same temperature, (d) the composition in an alloy system that has the highest melting point, and (e) the composition in an alloy system that has the lowest melting point?

(c) and (e).

A production planning and control department accomplishes which of the following functions in its role of providing manufacturing support (two best answers): (a) designs and orders machine tools, (b) develops corporate strategic plans, (c) orders materials and purchased parts, (d) performs quality inspections, and (e) schedules the order of products on a machine?

(c) and (e).

High-speed steels are used in cutting tools for machining. Which of the following alloying elements are used in the highest proportion in high-speed steel (two correct answers): (a) carbon, (b) manganese, (c) molybdenum, (d) nickel, (e) tungsten, and (f) vanadium?

(c) and (e).

Which of the following features and terms are associated with batch production: (a) cellular manufacturing, (b) mass production, (c) medium quantity production, (d) production equipment is dedicated to one product, and (e) setup time between batches is a disadvantage?

(c) and (e).

An irregularity in the surface of the casting caused by erosion of the sand during pouring is called which one of the following sand casting defects: (a) penetration, (b) sand blow, (c) sand wash, or (d) scabs?

(c).

Approximately how many different elements have been identified (one best answer): (a) 10, (b) 50, (c) 100, (d) 200, or (e) 500?

(c).

Hardness is best defined as which one of the following: (a) energy absorbed by a material when an object strikes its surface, (b) resistance to bending, (c) resistance to permanent indentation, or (d) resistance to scratching?

(c).

Mining is classified in which one of the following industry categories: (a) agricultural industry, (b) manufacturing industry, (c) primary industry, (d) secondary industry, (e) service industry, or (f) tertiary industry?

(c).

One of the first applications of digital computers in manufacturing was direct numerical control, which is best described by which one of the following: (a) computers used to count work units on a production line, (b) flexible manufacturing, (c) mainframe computers used to remotely control machine tools in a factory, (d) personal computers used to schedule production, or (e) shop floor control?

(c).

Silica sand has which one of the following compositions: (a) Al2O3, (b) SiO, (c) SiO2, or (d) SiSO4?

(c).

Inventions of the Industrial Revolution include which one of the following: (a) automobile, (b) cannon, (c) printing press, (d) steam engine, or (e) sword?

(d).

The element with the lowest density and smallest atomic weight is which one of the following: (a) aluminum, (b) argon, (c) helium, (d) hydrogen, or (e) magnesium?

(d).

The flow curve describes the property of metals known as which one of the following: (a) ductility, (b) engineering strain, (c) fracture stress, (d) strain hardening, or (e) tensile strength?

(d).

The iron tapped from the blast furnace is which one of the following: (a) cast iron, (b) low alloy steel, (c) low carbon steel, (d) pig iron, (e) pure iron, or (f) stainless steel?

(d).

The modulus of elasticity is also known as which one of the following: (a) elastic limit, (b) strain hardening exponent, (c) strength coefficient, or (d) Young's modulus?

(d).

The predominant phase in the iron-carbon alloy system for a composition with 99% iron at room temperature is which one of the following: (a) austenite, (b) cementite, (c) delta, (d) ferrite, or (e) gamma?

(d).

The principal strengthening mechanism in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels is which one of the following: (a) heat treatment, (b) high carbon content, (c) precipitation hardening, (d) solid solution alloying, or (e) work hardening?

(d).

The term vulcanization is associated with which one of the following: (a) adhesives, (b) bronze, (c) fire, (d) rubber, or (e) wood?

(d).

Which one of the following casting processes is the most widely used: (a) centrifugal casting, (b) die casting, (c) investment casting, (d) sand casting, or (e) shell casting?

(d).

Particulate processing of metals involves which two of the following steps: (a) adhesive bonding, (b) deformation, (c) forging, (d) material removal, (e) melting, (f) pressing, and (g) sintering?

(f) and (g).

How many atoms are there in the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) unit cell (one correct answer): (a) 8, (b) 9, (c) 10, (d) 12, (e) 14, or (f) 17?

(f).

The empirical relationship that determines total solidification time in casting is known as which one of the following: (a) Bernoulli's theorem, (b) Chvorinov's rule, (c) continuity law, (d) flow curve, (e) Hooke's law, or (f) Ohm's law?

(f).

Today, the two most important processes in steelmaking are which of the following (two correct answers): (a) basic oxygen furnace, (b) Bessemer converter, (c) electric arc furnace, (d) induction furnace, and (e) open hearth furnace?

(a) and (c).

Which of the following are metals commonly cast in permanent mold casting (three best answers): (a) aluminum, (b) brass, (c) gold, (d) magnesium, (e) nickel, (f) steel, and (g) tungsten?

(a), (b), and (d).

Which of the following bond types are classified as primary bonds (three correct answers): (a) covalent bonding, (b) hydrogen bonding, (c) ionic bonding, (d) metallic bonding, and (e) van der Waals forces?

(a), (c), and (d).

Which of the following are the three basic types of static stresses to which a material can be subjected (three correct answers): (a) compression, (b) hardness, (c) reduction in area, (d) shear, (e) tensile, (f) true stress, and (f) yield?

(a), (d), and (e).

Which of the following industries are classified as secondary industries (three correct answers): (a) beverages (b) financial services, (c) fishing, (d) power utilities, (e) publishing, and (f) transportation?

(a), (d), and (e).

Which of the following metals would typically be used in die casting (three best answers): (a) aluminum, (b) cast iron, (c) steel, (d) tin, (e) tungsten, and (f) zinc?

(a), (d), and (f).

typical production cycle time consists of which of the following elements (three best answers): (a) actual processing time, (b) inspection time, (c) rest breaks for the worker, (d) time to withdraw starting materials from storage, (e) tool fabrication time, (f) tool handling time, and (g) work handling time?

(a), (f), and (g).

Casting is a process in which molten metal flows into a mold where it solidifies in the shape of the mold cavity; the term casting also applies to the part that is made by this process: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

If engineering strain and true strain were measured simultaneously during a tensile test, which would have the higher value: (a) engineering strain or (b) true strain?

(a).

In casting processes, a runner is which one of the following: (a) channel in the mold leading from the downsprue to the main mold cavity, (b) worker who moves the molten metal to the mold, or (c) vertical channel into which molten metal is poured into the mold?

(a).

In sand casting, the volumetric size of the pattern is (a) bigger than, (b) same size as, or (c) smaller than the cast part?

(a).

Metal inserts in the walls of a sand mold cavity designed to remove heat from the molten metal more rapidly than the surrounding sand are called which one of the following: (a) external chills, (b) internal chills, (c) pipes, or (d) sprues?

(a).

Most hardness tests involve pressing a hard object into the surface of a test specimen and measuring the resulting indentation or its effect: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

Sand casting is which of the following types of casting process: (a) expendable mold or (b) permanent mold?

(a).

The Antioch process is similar to plaster-mold casting but uses a mixture of sand and plaster to make the mold: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

The Bayer process is associated with the production of which one of the following metals: (a) aluminum, (b) copper, (c) nickel, (d) titanium, or (e) zinc?

(a).

The basic structural unit of matter is which one of the following: (a) atom, (b) electron, (c) element, (d) molecule, or (e) nucleus?

(a).

The expanded polystyrene casting process uses a mold of sand packed around a polystyrene foam pattern that vaporizes when the molten metal is poured into the mold: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

The internal surfaces of a casting are determined during the casting process by means of which one of the following: (a) core, (b) gating system, (c) parting line, (d) pattern, or (e) sprue?

(a).

The pattern that determines the geometry of the casting in expendable mold processes is usually made (a) oversized, (b) the same size, or (c) undersized relative to the dimensions of the casting?

(a).

The strength and hardness of steel increases as carbon content (a) increases or (b) decreases?

(a).

The term plant capacity refers to the maximum rate of production that a factory can achieve under assumed labor manning levels, hours of operation per week, and other operating conditions: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

The transverse rupture strength is a property usually associated with which one of the following material types: (a) ceramics, (b) metals, (c) plastics, or (d) rubber?

(a).

The upper half of a sand-casting mold is called which one of the following: (a) cope, (b) drag, (c) flask, or (d) pattern?

(a).

Total solidification time is defined as which one of the following: (a) time between pouring and complete solidification, (b) time between pouring and cooling to room temperature, (c) time between solidification and cooling to room temperature, or (d) time to give up the heat of fusion?

(a).

Viscoelasticity can be defined as the property of a material that determines the strain it experiences when subjected to combinations of stress and temperature over time: (a) true or (b) false?

(a).

Which of the following metals is noted for its good electrical conductivity (one best answer): (a) copper, (b) gold, (c) iron, (d) nickel, or (e) tungsten?

(a).

Which one of the following elements is the most important alloying ingredient in steel: (a) carbon, (b) chromium, (c) nickel, (d) molybdenum, or (e) vanadium?

(a).

Which one of the following engineering materials is defined as a compound containing metallic and nonmetallic elements: (a) ceramic, (b) composite, (c) metal, or (d) polymer?

(a).

Which one of the following materials has the highest hardness: (a) alumina ceramic, (b) gray cast iron, (c) hardened tool steel, (d) high carbon steel, or (e) polystyrene?

(a).

Shell molding is best described by which one of the following: (a) casting operation in which the molten metal has been poured out after a thin shell has been solidified in the mold, (b) casting process in which the mold is a thin shell of sand bonded by a thermosetting resin, (c) sand-casting operation in which the pattern is a shell rather than a solid form, or (d) casting operation used to make artificial sea shells?

(b).

The plastic region of the stress-strain curve for a metal is characterized by a proportional relationship between stress and strain: (a) true or (b) false?

(b).

The principal ore used in the production of iron and steel is which one of the following: (a) bauxite, (b) hematite, (c) limestone, (d) magnetite, or (e) smithsonite?

(b).

The shear strength of a metal is usually (a) greater than or (b) less than its tensile strength?

(b).

Viscosity can be defined as the ease with which a fluid flows: (a) true or (b) false?

(b).

Which of the following is the most important cast iron commercially: (a) ductile cast iron, (b) gray cast iron, (c) malleable iron, or (d) white cast iron?

(b).

Which one of the following materials has the highest modulus of elasticity: (a) aluminum, (b) diamond, (c) steel, (d) titanium, or (e) tungsten?

(b).

Which one of the following metals has the lowest density: (a) aluminum, (b) magnesium, (c) manganese, (d) tin, (e) titanium, or (f) zinc?

(b).

Which one of the following metals is not one of the three metals used as the principal constituent in superalloys: (a) cobalt, (b) chromium, (c) iron, or (d) nickel?

(b).

Which one of the following types of stress strain relationship best describes the behavior of most metals at room temperature: (a) elastic and perfectly plastic, (b) elastic and strain hardening, (c) perfectly elastic, or (d) none of the above?

(b).

Which of the following properties or characteristics do not apply to metals (two correct answers): (a) good thermal conductivity, (b) high strength, (c) high electrical resistivity, (d) high stiffness, and (e) ionic bonding?

(c) and (e).

A riser in casting is described by which of the following (three correct answers): (a) an insert in the casting that inhibits buoyancy of the core, (b) gating system in which the sprue feeds directly into the cavity, (c) metal that is not part of the casting, (d) source of molten metal to feed the casting and compensate for shrinkage during solidification, and (e) waste metal that is usually recycled?

(c), (d), and (e).

Which of the following are point defects in a crystal lattice structure (three correct answers): (a) edge dislocation, (b) grain boundaries, (c) interstitialcy, (d) Schottky defect, (e) screw dislocation, or (f) vacancy?

(c), (d), and (f).

Which of the following casting processes are expendable mold operations (four correct answers): (a) centrifugal casting, (b) die casting, (c) investment casting, (d) low pressure casting, (e) sand casting, (f) shell molding, (g) slush casting, and (h) vacuum molding?

(c), (e), (f), and (h).

In general, polymers are characterized by which of the following properties (three best answers): (a) brittleness, (b) chemical inertness, (c) electrically insulating, (d) high electrical conductivity, (e) high hardness, (f) high thermal conductivity, (g) low density, and (h) low thermal conductivity?

(c), (g), and (h).

A misrun is which one of the following defects in casting: (a) globules of metal becoming entrapped in the casting, (b) metal is not properly poured into the downsprue, (c) metal solidifies before filling the cavity, (d) microporosity, and (e) "pipe" formation?

(c).

A product's total manufacturing costs typically constitute what proportion of the product's selling price: (a) 10%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%, (d) 60%, or (e) 80%?

(c).

A steel with 1.0% carbon is known as which one of the following: (a) eutectoid, (b) hypoeutectoid, (c) hypereutectoid, or (d) wrought iron?

(c).

Solidification shrinkage in casting is defined as which one of the following: (a) liquid contraction during cooling prior to solidification, (b) liquid contraction during cooling and solidification, (c) contraction during the phase change from liquid to solid, or (d) thermal contraction of the solidified casting during cooling to room temperature.?

(c).

Which of the following metals has the highest density: (a) gold, (b) lead, (c) platinum, (d) silver, or (e) tungsten?

(c).

Which one of the following casting metals is most important commercially: (a) aluminum and its alloys, (b) bronze, (c) cast iron, (d) cast steel, or (e) zinc alloys?

(c).

Which one of the following crystal structures has the fewest slip directions and therefore the metals with this structure are generally more difficult to deform at room temperature: (a) BCC, (b) FCC, or (c) HCP?

(c).

Which one of the following is the correct definition of ultimate tensile strength, as derived from the results of a tensile test on a metal specimen: (a) the stress encountered when the stress-strain curve transforms from elastic to plastic behavior, (b) the maximum load divided by the final area of the specimen, (c) the maximum load divided by the original area of the specimen, or (d) the stress observed when the specimen finally fails?

(c).

Which one of the following is the name of the casting process in which molten metal is poured into a rotating mold to produce a tubular part: (a) centrifuge casting, (b) semicentrifugal casting, or (c) true centrifugal casting?

(c).

Which one of the following types of stress strain relationship best describes the behavior of brittle materials such as ceramics and thermosetting plastics: (a) elastic and perfectly plastic, (b) elastic and strain hardening, (c) perfectly elastic, or (d) none of the above?

(c).

In general, metals are characterized by which of the following properties (three best answers): (a) brittleness, (b) chemical inertness, (c) electrically insulating, (d) high electrical conductivity, (e) high hardness, (f) high thermal conductivity, (g) low density, and (h) low thermal conductivity?

(d), (e), and (f).

In the Periodic Table, the elements can be divided into which of the following categories (three best answers): (a) ceramics, (b) gases, (c) liquids, (d) metals, (e) nonmetals, (f) polymers, (g) semi-metals, and (h) solids?

(d), (e), and (g).

Which of the following operations are classified as material removal processes (three correct answers): (a) anodizing, (b) brazing, (c) forging, (d) grinding, (e) milling, (f) sintering, and (g) turning?

(d), (e), and (g).

During solidification of an alloy when a mixture of solid and liquid metals is present, the solid-liquid mixture is referred to as which one of the following: (a) eutectic composition, (b) ingot segregation, (c) liquidus, (d) mushy zone, or (e) solidus?

(d).

High-volume production of assembled products is most closely associated with which one of the following layout types: (a) cellular layout, (b) fixed position layout, (c) process layout, or (d) product layout?

(d).

In the context of production equipment in a factory, the term availability is best defined by which one of the following: (a) downtime proportion, (b) hourly operating cost, (c) proportion of good products, (d) proportion uptime, or (e) utilization?

(d).

Which one of the following is a type of machine used to perform extrusion: (a) forge hammer, (b) milling machine, (c) rolling mill, (d) press, or (e) torch?

(d).

Which one of the following metals has the lowest melting point: (a) aluminum, (b) lead, (c) magnesium, (d) tin, or (e) zinc?

(d).

A Newtonian fluid is a fluid best defined by which one of the following: (a) its viscosity decreases as shear rate increases, (b) its viscosity decreases as temperature increases, (c) its viscosity increases as shear rate increases, (d) its viscosity increases as temperature increases, (e) its viscosity remains constant as shear rate changes, or (f) its viscosity remains constant as temperature changes?

(e).

Galvanized steel is steel that has been coated with which one of the following metals: (a) aluminum, (b) chromium, (c) nickel, (d) tin, or (e) zinc?

(e).

Grain boundaries are an example of which one of the following types of crystal structure defects: (a) dislocation, (b) Frenkel defect, (c) line defects, (d) point defects, or (e) surface defects?

(e).

Heating a metal from room temperature to pouring temperature in a casting operation depends on all of the following properties except which one: (a) density, (b) heat of fusion, (c) melting temperature, (d) specific heat, or (e) thermal expansion?

(e).

How many atoms are there in the face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell (one correct answer): (a) 8, (b) 9, (c) 10, (d) 12, (e) 14, or (f) 17?

(e).

Investment casting is also known by which one of the following names: (a) fast-payback molding, (b) full-mold process, (c) lost-foam process, (d) lost-pattern process, or (e) lost-wax process?

(e).

Metals are characterized by which one of the following bonding types: (a) adhesive, (b) covalent, (c) hydrogen, (d) ionic, (e) metallic, and (f) van der Waals?

(e).

The shear strength of a metal is commonly determined in which one of the following tests: (a) bending test, (b) compression test, (c) flexure test, (d) tensile test, or (e) torsion test?

(e).

Which one of the following is not a common alloying ingredient in steel: (a) chromium, (b) manganese, (c) nickel, (d) vanadium, (e) zinc?

(e).

Which one of the following is the source of most commercially produced magnesium: (a) bauxite, (b) clay, (c) magnetite, (d) pentlandite, or (e) sea water?

(e).