ISQS 4350 all quiz questions

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Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not true of project management structures? Answers: a. They provide a framework for launching and implementing projects. b. The project itself should be considered when determining which structure is best. c. In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration. d. They appropriately balance the needs of both the parent organization and the project. e. They help determine who has most authority in regard to managing the project.

In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration.

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What is the payoff of the optimal EV criterion? What is the optimal expected value? (In thousands of $.) Answers: a. 66 b. 55 c. 82 d. 47 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following would not be considered a threat? Answers: a. Economic conditions b. Meeting the project schedule c. Competition d. Inflation e. International disruptions

Meeting the project schedule

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Of the four industry groups, which has the lowest level of maturity according to a study by Ibbs and Kwak? Answers: a. Information systems b. Engineering/construction c. Telecommunications d. High-tech manufacturing e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type. b. Duration and effort are synonymous terms. c. A three-point estimate in PERT includes an optimistic, a most likely, and a pessimistic estimate. d. A Gantt chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information on a timeline. e. Both b. and d. are false statements.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points Top management prefers ________ development models over ________ models because they know up front how much cost and time are required. Answers: a. creative | predictive b. static | predictive c. predictive | adaptive d. adaptive | predictive e. adaptive | creative

Question 15 5 out of 5 points Which of the following lifecycle models would you use if the requirements are unknown and/or unstable? Answers: a. Extreme b. Spiral c. Scrum d. Waterfall e. Iterative

Question 4 5 out of 5 points How many function points does it take to equal a person-month in terms of effort? Answers: a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7

Question 24 4 out of 4 points Determining the earned value involves collecting data on the percent complete for each work package and then converting this percentage to a dollar amount by multiplying the ________ of the work package by the percent complete. Answers: a. duration b. contract cumulating amount c. total cumulative fees d. budgeted cost e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 7 4 out of 4 points The total effort for a project is calculated to be 24 person-months. Three capable persons are assigned to the project. There is no mandatory or other sequencing required in the project. What is its total duration likely to be? Answers: a. 12 months b. 6 months c. 3 months d. 8 months e. 24 months

Question 9 0 out of 5 points The purpose of top-down estimation is for ________. Answers: a. definitive purposes b. detailed scheduling and budgeting purposes c. accuracy purposes d. schedule purposes e. strategic purposes

Question 9 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not a competence for the project manager? Answers: a. Be a good developer/coder b. Be a good delegator c. Be a good mentor d. Be a good communicator e. Be a good motivator

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Goldratt suggests that project managers should manage in a ________ world. Such mentalities are a ________. Answers: a. throughput | useful understanding b. holistic | valuable asset to the firm c. micro-management | waste d. critical path | mirage e. cost | mirage

a Response Feedback: Goldratt believes that to make money, firms should be living in a throughput world in which every effort is directed toward increasing throughput.

Question 1 5 out of 5 points Communications difficulties because of different languages are examples of which of the following environmental factors? Answers: a. Security b. Cultural c. Infrastructure d. Legal/political e. Geographic

Question 5 0 out of 5 points The most common circumstance for project closure is ________. Answers: a. project termination due to technical difficulties b. project completion after modification of costs, schedule, or quality c. perpetual projects that seem to go on and on before completion d. project completion meeting costs, schedule, and quality e. premature completion with some features eliminated

Question 7 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not one of the ten PMI knowledge areas? Answers: a. Scope management b. Inventory management c. Stakeholder management d. Time management e. Quality management

Question 11 5 out of 5 points An activity is a(n) ________. Answers: a. task b. step c. event d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Both a. and b. are correct.

Both a. and b. are correct.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points In today's business climate and culture, it is important for project managers to have an understanding of ________. Answers: a. strategic management b. technical issues c. project selection process d. Both a. and c. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Both a. and c. are correct.

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is a main reason why project managers need to understand their organization's mission and strategy? Answers: a. They can better focus on the immediate customer. b. They can make appropriate decisions and adjustments. c. They can be effective project advocates. d. Both b. and c. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 17 5 out of 5 points In decision-making under uncertainty ________. Answers: a. the probabilities of each of the future states are known b. the probabilities of each of the future states are unknown c. the decision criterion uses the decision-maker's attitude toward the risk d. the decision criterion uses state probabilities e. Both b. and c. are correct.

Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points There are ten knowledge areas within PMBOK. Which one is not one of the ten? Answers: a. Time (schedule) b. Cost c. Quality d. Budget e. Scope

Budget

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not part of the Covey strategy for personal planning? Answers: a. Once a week create a prioritized TODO list b. Continually clarify what is important to you c. Determine your true south direction d. After prioritizing your TODO list, put the important items on your calendar first. e. Set aside large blocks of uninterrupted time on your calendar to get the important things done.

Determine your true south direction

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Which of the following choices is not one of the driving forces behind the increasing demand for project management? Answers: a. Compression of the product life cycle b. The triple bottom line (planet, people, profit) c. Development of third world and closed economies d. Increased customer focus e. Knowledge explosion

Development of third world and closed economies

Question 6 According to Thomas Friedman how often does project management get offshored? Answers: a. Sometimes b. Rarely c. Never d. Frequently e. Always

Never

Question 14 5 out of 5 points In which of the following phases is it determined what the project effort will be, when the project will be scheduled, whom it will benefit, and what the budget will be? Answers: a. Planning b. Monitoring and controlling c. Closing d. Initiating e. Executing

Planning

Which of the following is the number one characteristic that is looked for in management candidates? Answers: a. Works well with others b. Overall intelligence c. Past successes d. Experience e. Good references

Works well with others

Project execution involves taking actions to ________. Answers: a. ensure that activities in the project plan are completed on-time and within budget b. establish a good plan c. close out the project d. provide feedback to key vendors e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 1 5 out of 5 points At the completion of an agile iteration a ________. Answers: a. new, bug-free functionality is developed/deployed to the customer b. a new piece of functionality is developed c. a new phase of the development lifecycle is completed d. All of the functionality associated with a product is developed. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Question 1 5 out of 5 points During which stage of team development is the team fully functional and accepted? Answers: a. Performing b. Forming c. Norming d. Adjourning e. Storming

Question 1 5 out of 5 points The best time to do crashing is ________. Answers: a. towards the end of the planning phase b. towards the end of the monitoring phase c. towards the end of the executing phase d. towards the end of the initiating phase e. towards the end of the closing phase

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not something that we ordinarily estimate? Answers: a. Quality b. Resources c. Time d. Cost e. Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 16 5 out of 5 points What is the top reason for global outsourcing of IT services? Answers: a. A shortage of qualified personnel b. Cost reduction c. Decreasing time to market d. Increasing revenues

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Needs for a project could include telecommunications, transportation, power, and availability of technically skilled talent. This is an example of which of the following environmental factors? Answers: a. Infrastructure b. Legal/political c. Economic d. Cultural e. Geographic

Question 3 5 out of 5 points The ________ backlog represents the amount of work the spring team commits to complete during the next sprint or iteration. Answers: a. sprint b. developer c. product d. iteration e. scrum

Question 6 5 out of 5 points The ________ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling. Answers: a. quality control b. quality planning c. quality assurance d. None of these alternatives is correct. e. quality certification

Question 5 5 out of 5 points According to PMBOK, which of the following is not one of the five phases that comprise the project lifecycle? Answers: a.. Defining b. Closing c. Planning d. Executing e. Monitoring and Controlling

Defining

Question 4 5 out of 5 points In the Snapshot from Practice "Project Management X-files," a key success factor which is held in much higher regard by cultures outside the U.S. is ________. Answers: a. patience b. luck c. family ties d. hard work e. social status

Question 5 4 out of 4 points We suggested three factors as important to motivating individuals. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? Answers: a. Compelling vision b. Synergy c. 'Hot button' d. Work challenge e. All of the above are motivational factors for individuals.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points The standard deviation of a task whose optimistic time is 31 and whose most likely time is 72 and whose pessimistic time is 123 is ________. Answers: a. 13.33 b. 15.33 c. 14.56 d. 8.50 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the sections of the project charter? Answers: a. Discussion of problem or opportunity b. Assumptions/risks/obstacles c. Purpose or goal of a project d. Success criteria e. Detailed list of tasks that make up the project

Detailed list of tasks that make up the project

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not part of the Covey strategy for personal planning? Answers: a. None of these alternatives is part of the Covey strategy for personal planning. b. Determine your true south direction c. All of these alternatives are parts of the Covey strategy for personal planning. d. Continually clarify what is important to you e. Once a week create a prioritized to do list

Determine your true south direction

Question 20 5 out of 5 points What is the main goal of project cost management? Answers: a. To provide truthful and accurate cost information on projects b. To complete a project for as little cost as possible c. To complete a project within an approved budget d. To ensure that an organization's money used wisely e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 24 4 out of 4 points What are the five stages of Tuckman's model for team development, in chronological order? Answers: a. Norming, forming, storming, performing and adjourning b. Norming, storming, forming, performing and adjourning c. Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning d. Storming, forming, norming, performing and adjourning e. Forming, storming, performing, norming, and adjourning

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is a good condition for bottom-up estimating? Answers: a. Strategic decision making b. Internal, small project c. Fixed price contract d. High uncertainty e. Both c. and d. are good conditions for bottom-up estimating.

Question 12 5 out of 5 points The weaknesses of a projectized organization include all but ________. Answers: a. completion of projects is slow b. project costs tend to be expensive c. there is possible internal strife d. there is limited technological expertise e. None of these alternatives are weaknesses.

completion of projects is slow

Question 13 5 out of 5 points What is the name of the maturity model used by the Project Management Institute? Answers: a. CMM b. CMHC c. PMP d. OPM3 e. CMMI

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Concepts of organizational maturity were originated by ________. Answers: a. Fredrick Hertzberg b. Abraham Maslov c. Peter Senge d. Software Engineering Institute e. W. Edwards Deming

Question 22 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not a PMI process within project communications management? Answers: a. Planning communications management b. Managing communications c. Monitoring communications d. Communicating with stakeholders

Question 1 4 out of 4 points A milestone in ProjectLibre is a task with ________. Answers: a. a finite duration b. a zero duration c. minimal duration/minimal cost d. a diamond icon e. Both b. and d. are correct.

Question 1 5 out of 5 points Patrick is reading a document that outlines the specific tasks and subtasks required to complete the writing of a technical support manual. The method that was probably used to develop the document is most likely ________. Answers: a. priority matrix b. work package c. responsibility matrix d. organization breakdown structure e. work breakdown structure

Question 19 5 out of 5 points The purpose of a far-out estimate (five or more years) is to ________. Answers: a. Determine economic feasibility b. Determine priority of the project c. Decide detailed absolute definitive cost and duration numbers d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points In which level is there a focus on continuous improvement and innovation? Answers: a. Level 1 b. Level 2 c. Level 3 d. Level 4 e. Level 5

Question 9 4 out of 4 points ProjectLibre can do its scheduling from ________. Answers: a. the project start date b. the project stop date c. the project initiate date d. All of the alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

Which of the following is a potential future consequence of not considering the impact on the schedule of limited resources? Answers: a. Costly activity delays b. Costly project delays c. Difficulty in taking quick corrective action d. Only a. and b. are correct. e. All a., b. and c. are correct.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following time reduction techniques involves the concept of lean? Answers: a. Critical chain concepts b. Crash activities c. Reduce scope d. Reuse, reuse, reuse e. Eliminate non-value adding activities

e Response Feedback: Lean concepts entail the elimination of all waste. It is a waste to perform an activity that adds no value.

Question 7 Typically, a project sponsor is ________. Answers: a. instrumental in approving a project b. a lower:level staff member c. instrumental in approving a project and key to support a project to its' completion d. key to support a project to its' completion e. key to support a project to its' completion and a lower:level staff member

instrumental in approving a project and key to support a project to its' completion

Question 19 5 out of 5 points A critical factor to ensure the success of integrating the strategic plan with projects lies in a process that ________. Answers: a. starts with top management's directives b. with projects first and integrates them with the strategic plan c. is open and published for all participants to review d. Both b. and c. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

is open and published for all participants to review

Question 7 If your project starts with existing code, rather than from scratch, then your project is considered to be a ________. Answers: a. agile or adaptive project b. predictive project c. integration project d. development project e. maintenance project

maintenance project

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Strategy, when considered to be under purview of senior management, is ________. Answers: a. necessary in a company structure b. depended on company goals c. a new school of management thought d. beneficial to the Project Manager e. old school thinking

old school thinking

• Question 9 5 out of 5 points When the work in an activity is interrupted to work on another activity and is then resumed at a later point in time, it is called ________. Answers: a. overriding b. starting/stopping c. prioritizing d. preempting e. splitting

e Response Feedback: Correct. A planner splits the continuous work included in an activity by interrupting the work and sending the resource to another activity for a period of time and then having the resource resume work on the original activity.

• Question 8 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one seven processes that make up the PMBOK knowledge area known as time (schedule) management? Answers: a. Sequence activities b. Plan schedule management c. Define activities d. Control activities e. Monitor activities

e Response Feedback: Correct. The seven processes are plan schedule management, define activities, sequence activities, estimate activity resources, estimate activity durations, develop activity schedule, and control schedule.

Question 3 Which of the following is not a phase in any project lifecycle? a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing e. All of these alternatives are phases of the project lifecycle.

e. All of these alternatives are phases of the project lifecycle

Question 2 5 out of 5 points For most organizations, the existing organizational structure is a ________. Answers: a. projectized organizational structure b. matrix organizational structure c. dedicated project teams d. functional organizational structure e. None of these alternatives is correct.

functional organizational structure

Question 14 5 out of 5 points If the expected payoff of perfect information is $100,000 and the expected return without additional information is $40,000, the expected value of perfect information is ________. Answers: a. $40,000 b. $80,000 c. $50,000 d. $30,000 e. $60,000

$60,000

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Releasing the project team typically occurs ________ during the closure phase. Answers: a. gradually b. rapidly c. without bombast d. rarely e. all at onca

A. Gradually

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a major issue that risk management endeavors to address? Answers: a. What can go wrong b. How to minimize the risk event's impact (consequences) c. What can be done before a risk event occurs (anticipation) d. What to do when the risk event occurs (contingency plans) e. All of the alternatives are major issues.

All of the alternatives are major issues.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points The intended outcome of strategy/projects integration is ________. Answers: a. clear organization focus b. best use of scare organization resources c. improved communication across projects and departments d. Both a. and b. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

All of these alternatives are correct

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Good goal statements should ________. Answers: a. have a target date b. be measurable c. begin with the infinitive to d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points The importance and significance of project management has increased due to ________. Answers: a. the movement of manufacturing operations out of the U.S. b. time to market c. the movement toward flatter and leaner organizations d. Both a. and b. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Which of the following would not serve the interests of a high priority project in which the firm wants completed as quickly as possible? Answers: a. The project lacks a compelling vision. b. Team members must multitask. c. The project manager is managing several projects concurrently. d. There is confusion as to how the project fits with the overall strategy of the firm. e. All of these alternatives are impediments to a quick completion of a high priority project.

All of these alternatives are impediments to a quick completion of a high priority project.

Project managers who do not understand the role that their project plays in accomplishing the organization's strategy tend to make all the following mistakes except ________. Answers: a. focusing on low priority problems b. overemphasizing technology as an end in and of itself c. focusing on the immediate customer d. trying to solve every customer issue e. All of these alternatives are likely mistakes.

All of these alternatives are likely mistakes.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points To establish vision and mission statements, we need to ________. Answers: a. determine what is needed within our domain of influence b. determine our values c. determine what we really enjoy doing d. All of these alternatives are true. e. Only a. and b. are true.

All of these alternatives are true

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Goal setting is important because ________. Answers: a. it sets a direction for our lives b. it causes us to focus on the future c. it programs our success mechanism d. All of these alternatives are true e. Only a. and c. are true.

All of these alternatives are true.

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Alignment is necessary because ________. Answers: a. while we are working on our firms' goals we must also be working on our goals b. our goals must align with our personal vision statement c. without alignment, empowerment leads to chaos, anarchy d. All of these alternatives are true. e. All of these alternatives are false.

All of these alternatives are true.

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not typically the responsibility of a project manager? Answers: a. Meeting budget requirements b. Meeting schedule requirements c. Meeting performance specifications d. Coordinates the actions of the team members e. All of these alternatives are typical responsibilities.

All of these alternatives are typical responsibilities

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Organizations have difficulty in creating a system for managing projects because ________. Answers: a. contrary to typical operations, projects are one-time efforts b. projects are not focused on profits c. projects are multidisciplinary while organizations are usually departmentalized by discipline d. Both a. and b. are correct. e. Both a. and c. are correct.

Both a. and c. are correct

Question 15 5 out of 5 points In the pessimist criterion we pick ________. Answers: a. the worst case scenario within each alternative b. the best case scenario within each alternative c. the best of the worst case scenarios d. the worst of the best case scenarios e. Both a. and c. are correct.

Both a. and c. are correct.

Question 16 5 out of 5 points In the optimist criterion, we pick ________. Answers: a. the worst case scenario within each alternative b. the best case scenario within each alternative c. the best of the best case scenarios d. the worst of the best case scenarios e.. Both b. and c. are correct.

Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points To determine what's best for us we need to ________. Answers: a. clarify our values b. ask a mentor c. write a vision statement d. establish goals e. None of these alternatives is true.

Clarify our values

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a stakeholder group? Answers: a. Fellow employees who oppose the project b. Customers c. Project sponsor td. Competitors e. Project team

Competitors

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not necessary to have trustworthiness? Answers: a. Character b. Confidence c. Competence d. Integrity e. All of these alternatives are not necessary to have trustworthiness.

Confidence

Question 14 5 out of 5 points ________ and ________ are frequently used to cover project risks—identified and unknown. The former is used to lesson budget risk, while the latter is used to diminish schedule risk. Answers: a. Contingency funding | time buffers b. Prototyping | walkthroughs c. Testing | time buffers d. Walkthroughs | testing e. Contingency funding | walkthroughs

Contingency funding | time buffers

Question 8 Which of the following is not a project characteristic? Answers: a. Creates resources b. Accomplished in teams c. Has a definite starting time d. Has an objective or goal e. Has a definite stopping time

Creates Resources

Question 5 0 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a tool we use to perform qualitative risk analysis? Answers: a. Probability/impact matrices b. Top-ten risk item tracking c. Expert judgement d. Decision Trees/simulation e. All of the alternatives are tools used for qualitative risk analysis.

Decision Trees/simulation

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the sections of the project charter? Answers: a. Purpose or goal of a project b. Success criteria c. Detailed list of tasks that make up the project d. Discussion of problem or opportunity e. Assumptions/risks/obstacles

Detailed list of tasks that make up the project

Question 10 0 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What act would be the optimal choice if the student is a regrettist, again assuming uncertainty? (Find the Regret numbers in the Regret table and find the Row Max Regret for each alternative in the Regret table, for the Row Max column, pick the smallest. The Regret numbers are given by Regretij -- Pj - Payoffij, and Pj is the column max. i is the row index for the four project choices and j is the column index for the three states.) Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 1

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What act would be chosen if the student is an inbetweenist with α: .5? (The in-betweenist criterion is calculated as the average of the row-max and row min columns). Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 1

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What act would be the optimal choice if the student is a pessimist (the largest of the row minima) and does not know the probabilities of the states of nature? Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 1

Question 9 0 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What act would be the optimal choice if the student is an optimist, (the largest of the row maxima) again assuming uncertainty? Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 1

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Use the above scenario. What would be the optimal choice under EV, expected value or return? (The sum of the products involving the state probabilities and the payoffs associated with any given decision alternative.) Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 4

Question 7 5 out of 5 points SCENARIO: A portfolio manager must decide among four different projects. He has funds sufficient only to do one of the projects. This decision must be made in the context of a risky future involving three possible states of the economy: economy remains strong, moderate, and recession. The manager estimates these states at .4, .5, and .1 respectively. Assuming a five-year horizon, the manager has determined that the following payoff table applies (NUMBERS ARE IN THOUSANDS OF $): Use the above scenario. What act would be the optimal choice under the principle of insufficient reason (all states considered equally likely—the largest of the row sums)? Answers: a. Do Project 1 b. Do Project 2 c. Do Project 3 d. Do Project 4 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Do Project 4

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following has to do with personal leadership? Answers: a. Doing the right thing b. Doing the thing right c. Doing everything d. Doing nothing e. Doing the least harm

Doing the right thing

Question 19 5 out of 5 points What's more important? Answers: a. Doing the thing right b. Doing the least harm c. Doing the right thing d. Doing nothing e. Doing everything

Doing the right thing

Question 8 5 out of 5 points In which of the following phases is a major portion of the physical and mental project work performed? Answers: a. Planning b. Monitoring and Controlling c. Delivering d. Initiating e. Executing

Executing

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a criterion for decision making under uncertainty? Answers: a. In-betweenist criterion b. Optimist criterion c. Expected value criterion d. Regrettist criterion e. Pessimist criterion

Expected value criterion

Question 6 5 out of 5 points When utilized, dedicated project teams operate in conjunction with which organizational structure? Answers: a. Weak matrix organizational structure b. Balanced matrix organizational structure c. Functional organizational structure d. Projectized organizational structure e. Strong matrix organizational structure

Functional organizational structure

Question 17 5 out of 5 points What is the name of the software tool that delineates a timeline chart showing all of the activities and their start and stop dates? Answers: a. Work breakdown structure chart b. Control chart c. Network chart d. Gantt chart e. Flowchart

Gantt Chart

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Key questions organizations must ask in conjunction with which organizational structure include all but ________. Answers: a. How important is the project? b. Will projects be outsourced? c. How much will the project cost and how will it take? d. What resources are available? e. What percentage of core work involves projects?

How much will the project cost and how will it take?

Question 16 5 out of 5 points The first step in the risk management process is ________. Answers: a. Identify the risks b. Assess the risks c. Develop responses to the identified risks d. Control the responses to the risks e. All of the alternatives are true.

Identify the risks

Question 1 5 out of 5 points What is the number one cause of failed projects? Answers: a. Poor planning b. Incomplete requirements c. Lack of user involvement d. Lack of cohesion, consensus e. Changing requirements

Lack of user involvement

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following organizational structures superimposes a project structure upon an existing organizational structure? Answers: a. Projectized organizational structure b. Matrix organizational structure c. Dedicated project teams d. Functional organizational structure e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Matrix Organizational Structure

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not an advantage of matrix organizational forms? Answers: a. Matrix organizational forms have a strong project focus. b. Matrix organizational forms are fast, without stress. c. Matrix organizational forms provide for easier post-project transition. d. Matrix organizational forms are efficient. e. Matrix organizational forms are flexible.

Matrix organizational forms are fast, without stress.

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not an advantage of a dedicated project team? Answers: a. The existing organizational structure remains intact. b. Progress on the project is fast because team members devote their entire time to the project. c. The cost of the dedicated project team will be expensive. d. There will likely be internal strife between the team members and the rest of the organization. e. Neither c. nor d. are advantages

Neither c. nor d. are advantages.

Question 13 5 out of 5 points The financial model that measures the current value of all cash inflows and outflows using management's minimum desired rate of return is known as the ________ model. Answers: a. Internal rate of return (IRR) b. Net present value (NPV) c. Return on investment (ROI) d. Return on assets (ROA) e. Inflow/outflow

Net Present Value

Question 18 5 out of 5 points From the list below which chart shows the sequence in which activities must be performed? Answers: a. Burndown chart b. Gantt chart c. Timeline chart d. Network chart e. Work breakdown structure chart

Network Chart

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Most change requests fall within all but one of the following categories? Answers: a. Operations changes to widen the types of equipment the software will run on b. Scope changes coming from stakeholders, customers c. Implementation or contingency plans d. Improvement changes suggested by project team members e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Operations changes to widen the types of equipment the software will run on

Question 4 5 out of 5 points A professional organization for project management specialists is the ________. Answers: a. MIS b. PMI c. IPM d. PMBOK e. MBA

PMI

Question 16 5 out of 5 points In what phase of the project lifecycle should a project charter be drawn up? Answers: a. Phase 2 b. Phase 5 c. Phase 3 d. Phase 1 e. Phase 4

Phase 1

Question 10 In which lifecycle phase are schedules, budgets, risks, resources and staffing defined Answers: a. Closing b. Executing c. Planning d. Monitoring e. Initiating

Planning

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Which of these is not part of the "technical dimension" of project management? Answers: a. Status reports b. Budgets c. Schedules d. WBS e. Problem solving

Problem Solving

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following tasks/activities is not considered a project? Answers: a. Production of automobile tires b. Developing a new advertising program c. Developing a new software program d. Preparing the site for the Olympic Games e. Designing a space station

Production of automobile tires

Question 14 5 out of 5 points In the urgency/importance matrix, which quadrant should we be living in? Answers: a. Quadrant I b. Quadrant II c. Quadrant III d. Quadrant IV e. Quadrant V

Quadrant II

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not part of the tradeoff triangle? Answers: a. Quality b. Scope c. Time d. Cost e. All of these alternatives are parts of the tradeoff triangle.

Quality

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a generally-recognized type of risk? Answers: a. Quality risks b. Funding risks c. Schedule risks d. Cost risks e. Technical risks

Quality Risks

Question 1 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is the strategy for mitigating risk? Answers: a. Reducing the probability and the impact of the risk b. Reducing the likelihood of detection of the risk c. Total elimination of the risk d. Reducing the visibility of the risk e. Reducing the awareness of the risk

Reducing the probability and the impact of the risk

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of these is not part of the "sociocultural dimension" of project management according to Larson and Gray? Answers: a. Resource allocation b. Negotiation c. Customer expectations d. Leadership e. Politics

Resource Allocation

Question 4 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the steps in the risk management process (either Larson & Gray or PMBOK)? Answers: a. Risk identification b. Risk response control c. Risk response development d. Risk assessment e. Risk tracking

Risk Tracking

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Which of the following statements is not true about risk management? Answers: a. Risk management is a reactive rather than a proactive approach. b. Risk management improves chances of reaching project performance objectives. c. Risk management reduces surprises and negative consequences. d. Risk management provides better control over the future. e. Risk management prepares a project manager to take advantage of risks.

Risk management is a reactive rather than a proactive approach.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is one of Covey's seven habits? Answers: a. Shared vision b. Mental models c. Team learning d. Personal mastery e. Sharpen the saw

Sharpen the Saw

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not true of risk? Answers: a. Risk management attempts to recognize and manage potential and unforeseen trouble spots. b. Risks are uncertain events or conditions, which if they happen, has a positive or negative effect on the project. c. Some potential risk events can be identified before the project starts. d. Significant amounts of planning will overcome risks. e. Risks create causes and consequences.

Significant amounts of planning will overcome risks.

Question 4 0 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a tool we use to identify risks? Answers: a. SWOT Technique b. Simulation c. Interviewing d. Brainstorming e. Delphi technique

Simulation

Question 15 5 out of 5 points In which step is a RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure) created? Answers: a. Step 1 b. Step 2 c. Step 3 d. Step 4 e. Step 5

Step 1

Question 11 5 out of 5 points In which step is the likelihood (probability) and impact (severity) of the risk determined? Answers: a. Step 1 b. Step 2 c. Step 3 d. Step 4 e. Step 5

Step 2

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Which risk response step develops a strategy for reducing possible damage and develops a contingency plan? Answers: a. Step 1 b. Step 2 c. Step 3 d. Step 4 e. Step 5

Step 3

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not true of dedicated project teams? Answers: a. The team is physically separated from the parent organization. b. Team members are usually selected by the project manager. c. The team is usually located offsite. d. Team members have other, outside responsibilities. e. A full-time project manager is designated to manage the team.

Team members have other, outside responsibilities.

Question 5 Projects are ________ endeavors. Answers: a. substantial b. enduring c. temporary d. repetitive e. perpetual

Temporary

Question 14 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not an advantage of a functional organizational structure? Answers: a. The level of focus is low. b. There is an easy post-project transition. c. There is no change to the organizational structure. d. The level of flexibility is high. e. There is in-depth expertise.

The level of focus is low.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points What is the greatest enemy of the 'best' thing we could do with our lives? Answers: a. The many good things we can do b. Distractions c. Not having enough resources d. The many bad things we can do e. None of these alternatives is correct.

The many good things we can do

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a functional organizational structure? Answers: a. There is lack of ownership. b. There is lack of focus. c. There is in-depth expertise. d. There is poor integration. e. Progress is slow.

There is in-depth expertise.

Which of the following is not one of Covey's seven habits? Answers: a. Be proactive b. Begin with the end in mind c. Synergize d. Think win/lose e. Put first things first

Think Win/Lose

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Which organizational structure would you choose if your organization is a traditional functional one and you are in a hurry to get the project done quickly? Answers: a. Use a balanced matrix structure superimposed on a traditional functional organizational structure b. Use a dedicated project team c. Use a strong matrix structure superimposed on a traditional functional organizational structure d. Just stick with the traditional functional organization structure e. Use a weak matrix structure superimposed on a traditional functional organizational structure

Use a dedicated project team

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Covey is a strong proponent of once a ________ planning. Answers: a. day b. year c. week d. month e. quarter

Week

Question 4 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a negotiated issue when it comes to matrix organizational structures? Answers: a. Why will the task be done? b. Is the task satisfactorily completed? c. What has to be done? d. Who will do the task? e. Where will the task be done?

What has to be done?

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a commonly heard comment of project managers? Answers: a. How can all these projects be first priority? b. Where are we going to get the resources to do this project? c. Why are we doing this project? d. Why is this project so strongly linked to the strategic plan? e. Where did this project come from?

Why is this project so strongly linked to the strategic plan?

Question 11 4 out of 4 points In ProjectLibre, by default any link between tasks (activities) is assumed to be ________. Answers: a. Finish-to-Start b. Start-to-Finish c. Start-to-Start d. There is no default setting in ProjectLibre. e. Finish-to-Finish

Question 11 5 out of 5 points A ________ is a standard of measurement in quality management. Answers: a. metric b. None of these alternatives is correct. c. merge d. matrix e. milestone

Question 12 5 out of 5 points New innovations should be ________.. Answers: a. attempted in a pilot context where only 10% of the customer base is used. b. attempted on the entire customer base c. approved by an innovations champion d. always capable of improving corporate profits e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 15 4 out of 4 points According to Larson and Gray chapter 8, cost estimates are not a budget until ________. Answers: a. budgets have been time-phased b. resources have been assigned c. costs have been determined d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points Import quotas and tariffs, and education level of the workforce are examples of which of the following environmental factors? Answers: a. Economic b. Cultural c. Security d. Infrastructure e. Legal/political

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Suppose you had decided to use a SCRUM methodology to breakup the various components of the software system. Which of the following components which you conduct sprints on first? Answers: a. backbone structure b. minor functional components c. user interfaces d. major functional components e. small details

Question 18 5 out of 5 points ________ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. Answers: a. Functionality b. Validity c. None of these alternatives is correct. d. Maintainability e. Reliability

Question 19 5 out of 5 points A big picture view of the cost of a project over its entire existence is ________. Answers: a. life cycle costing b. cost account c. networking view d. WBS e. JAD costing

Question 2 5 out of 5 points The ability of 911 emergency systems to identify the caller's phone number and location are considered to be a ________. Answers: a. technical requirement b. project limit c. project deliverable d. milestone e. project exclusion

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Which community of practice stresses extensive measurement (of schedule, budget, productivity and quality)? Answers: a. Maturity community b. Productivity community c. Project community d. Production community e. Learning community

Question 21 4 out of 4 points A(n) _______ report describes where a project stands at a specific point in time. Answers: a. status b. forecast c. earned value d. performance

Question 3 4 out of 4 points The task "Plan Schedule Management" is a 5-day task. Expenditures/day are set at $3,000 per day. Day 3 is just completed. Assume the percent complete is 40% and the actual cost is $8,000. Is the task over or under budget? Is the task ahead or behind schedule? Answers: a. Over budget and behind schedule b. Over budget and ahead of schedule c. Under budget and behind schedule d. Under budget and ahead of schedule e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 3 5 out of 5 points The first step in creating the total content and substance of a project is to ________. Answers: a. define the project scope b. establish project priorities c. determine the required completion date d. verify the budget available e. assign team members to work on the project

Question 3 5 out of 5 points The purpose of top-down estimation is not for ________. Answers: a. definitive purposes b. budgetary purposes c. planning purposes d. strategic purposes e. accuracy purposes

Question 4 5 out of 5 points "To construct a high-quality, custom home with three bedrooms, two baths and a two-car garage within five months at costs not to exceed $250,000" is best classified as ________. Answers: a. an objective b. an exclusion c. a milestone d. a limit e. a deliverable

Question 6 4 out of 4 points Within PMBOK (6th edition) there are ________ process groups and ________ knowledge areas. Answers: a. 5 | 10 b. 4 | 9 c. 5 | 9 d. 10 | 5 e. 4 | 10

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Crashing activities ________ direct costs for those same activities. Answers: a. Increase b. Have no effect on c. Decrease d. Diminish e. Both decrease and diminish

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Under which heading of the Wrap-up closure checklist should the question "Have project accounts been finalized and all billing closed?" be answered. Answers: a. Vendors/contractors b. Team c. Equipment and facilities d. Customer/Users e. Profit and loss statement

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Which of the following lifecycle models is a predictive one? Answers: a. Waterfall b. Agile c. Scrum d. Extreme e. Iterative

Question 8 5 out of 5 points A ________ is the tool used to assist in making project trade-offs between schedule, budget, and performance objectives. Answers: a. project priority matrix b. work package c. work breakdown structure d. criterion matrix e. responsibility matrix

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Payback occurs when ________. Answers: a. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs b. the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one c. the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits d. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the forms that stress-related culture shock takes? Answers: a. Hyperactivity b. Fatigue c. Sleeplessness d. Headaches e. All of these are symptoms.

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not something that we ordinarily estimate? Answers: a. Quality b. Resources c. Time d. Cost e. Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is responsible for rapid deployment of the software after each iteration? a. Jenkins b. Project leader c. Product owner d. Release burndown chart e. DevOps

Answers: a. time to market b. incentive contracts c. imposed project deadlines d. high overhead e. unforeseen project delays

a Response Feedback: Intense global competition and rapid technological advances have made speed a competitive advantage. To succeed, companies have to spot new opportunities, launch project teams, and bring new products or services to the marketplace in a flash.

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the five steps utilized by Goldratt in his Theory of Constraints? Answers: a. INSERT the project constraint b. Decide how to EXPLOIT that constraint c. SUBORDINATE everything to that decision d. ELEVATE the systems' constraint e. Go back to step A, and find another constraint

a Response Feedback: The first step is always to IDENTIFY the constraint, which in projects is always the critical path.

Question 18 0 out of 5 points Consider the following table of activities A through G in which A is the start node and G is the stop node. Activity Duration (days) Predecessor A 5 -- B 8 A C 7 A D 6 A E 9 B, C, D F 10 B, C, D G 5 E, F Draw the network above to determine the following. What is the duration of the critical path? What is the late start time for activity E (how late can activity E start?)? a. 28 | 14 b. 28 | 12 c. 29 | 14 d. 29 | 15

a Response Feedback: Incorrect. A path is a sequence of activities that takes you from the start node (activity) through the stop node (activity). All paths through the network have to be completed. There are six paths through this network. The one that takes the longest to complete is the one that determines the duration of the project. The longest path is, by definition, the critical path. All activities on the critical path are called 'critical activities.' All critical activities have zero slack. The duration of the critical path is also the early finish time and late finish time of the stop node. The backward pass determines late finish and late start times for all activities. A backward pass starts with the late finish time (which, by convention, is always equal to the early finish time) of the stop node and works backward. The late finish time for activity E is 23. We subtract the duration of activity E from 23 to arrive at the late start time for activity E, which is 14.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points A project leader's boss has told Jonathan that his project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, he will be given whatever he needs to get the project back on schedule. His project is classified as ________ constrained. Answers: a. time b. cost c. resource d. performance e. quality

a Response Feedback: Correct. A time-constrained project is one that must be completed by an imposed date. If required, resources can be added to ensure the project is completed by a specific date. Although time is the critical factor, resource usage should be no more than is necessary and sufficient.

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Select the most accurate statement with regards to the Critical Path Method (CPM). Answers: a. It assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates. b. It accounts for the interruptions that may affect an activity between the start and the finish times. c. It allows us to investigate the effects of uncertainty of activity times on project completion times. d. It uses the variance in the critical path activities to evaluate the risks associated with project completion times.

a Response Feedback: Correct. CPM assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates. Understanding the critical path is vital to managing a project because any delays of activities on the critical path will delay the entire project.

• Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which PMBOK activity is responsible for determining activity resource requirements, and for determining a resource breakdown structure? Answers: a. Estimate activity resources b. Estimate activity durations c. Develop schedule d. Define activities e. Plan schedule management

a Response Feedback: Correct. The process known as Estimate activity resources determines resource requirements, and creates a resource breakdown structure.

Question 3 5 out of 5 points The district magistrate of Arkham City has decided to rebuild the busiest road in the city. She plans to close the street for the duration of the work, causing immense inconvenience to the people who typically use the road. The project has 3 parallel paths defined as the following: Path A-B-C-H will take 16 days. Path A-F-G-H will take 22 days. Path A-D-E-H will take 30 days. Given the information on hand, which of the following statements is true? Answers: a. Path A-D-E-H is the critical path. b. Path A-F-G-H has the largest slack time. c. Path A-F-G-H is the critical path. d. Path A-D-E-H has the largest slack time.

a Response Feedback:Correct. In the given scenario, path A-D-E-H is the critical path. The critical path is the sequence of activities that takes the longest time and defines the total project completion time.

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Project proposals are employed when ________ and are used to make ________ decisions. Answers: a. a high level organization official wishes to submit a proposal | project cost and scheduling b. a high level organization official wishes to submit a proposal | project scheduling c. a project concept fails to get acceptance | project cost estimation d. a project concept fails to gain acceptance | project cost and scheduling e. a project idea is considered worthwhile | project selection

a project idea is considered worthwhile | project selection

Which of the following is not a stakeholder a. Tasks and activities b. Project manager and project team c. Line management and upper management d. Project sponsor and support staff e. Customers and suppliers

a. Tasks and Activities

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Organizational structure issues get addressed ________. Answers: a. after the project is defined b. after the project leadership is determined c. after the corporate strategy has been determined d. after project estimates are in place e. after a project team has been assigned

after the corporate strategy has been determined

Question 7 5 out of 5 points The risk graph (Larson & Gray, Figure 7.1) informs us of all of the following but ________. Answers: a. the chances of risks occurring decrease over the lifetime of the project b. initially, the chances of a risk occurring within a project are high c. at the delivering phase the cost to fix a risk event is low d. the cost to fix a risk event goes up over the lifetime of a project e. All of the alternatives are true.

at the delivering phase the cost to fix a risk event is low

Fixed price Question 9 5 out of 5 points During which stage of team development do members accept that they are part of a project group but resist the constraints that the project and the group put on their individuality? Answers: a. Performing b. Storming c. Norming d. Forming e. Adjourning

Question 1 5 out of 5 points ________ is a deterministic diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. Answers: a. PERT b. CPM c. A Gantt chart d. EVA e. Crashing

Question 10 5 out of 5 points The advantage that a PERT representation of a project schedule over a CPM representation is that a PERT representation ________. Answers: a. is easier to calculate b. calculates probabilities of completing milestones by their completion dates c. gives automatic valuations of ES, EF, LS, LF and SLACK d. enables fast determination of total project duration and the critical path e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following was not one of the top three suggestions for how to be a star at work by Kelly? Answers: a. Continually clarify your values and vision b. All of these alternatives are not suggestions for how to be a star at work by Kelly. c. Aggressively self manage your life and your career d. Take initiative e. Network with peers and bosses- Continually clarify your values and vision

Question 11 5 out of 5 points As a rule of thumb, the time to design, document and code a module equals ________. Answers: a. the time to analyze it b. the time to test it c. the time to integrate it d. the time to conceptualize it e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 11 5 out of 5 points During which stage of team development do close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness? Answers: a. Storming b. Norming c. Adjourning d. Performing e. Forming

Question 11 5 out of 5 points If your team's task was to develop an AI pattern recognition engine based on King Sung Fu's formulas/algorithms developed 40 years ago, which model would you likely use? Answers: a. Extreme b. Waterfall c. Iterative d. Scrum e. Agile

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is false? Answers: a. Only one task in a project should be without a successor. b. Always assign resources to summary tasks c. Only one task in a project should be entered without a predecessor. d. Avoid using too many specific date constraints on tasks e. Avoid creating predecessor/successor task relationships between summary tasks

Question 12 4 out of 4 points ________ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. Answers: a. Self motivation b. Intrinsic motivation c. Extrinsic motivation d. Social motivation

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Estimating processes occur within two knowledge areas. They are: Answers: a. Time, Quality b. Time, Cost c. Procurement, Risk d. Cost, Quality e. Scope, Time

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Suppose you had decided to use a SCRUM methodology to breakup the various components of the software system. Which of the following components which you conduct sprints on second? Answers: a. small details b. user interfaces c. major functional components d. backbone structure e. minor functional components

Question 12 5 out of 5 points ________ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications. Answers: a. None of these alternatives is correct. b. Conformance to requirements c. Fitness for use d. Project feasibility e. Benchmarking

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Refer to the Snapshot from Practice, in general why do Hong Kong business managers avoid scheduling important events on the fourth day of each month? Answers: a. The number 4 is not used in Hong Kong's mathematics. b. The number 4 is considered unlucky. c. There is no the fourth in Hong Kong's calendar. d. The fourth day of each month is a holiday in Hong Kong. e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Which is more expensive and costly to the firm? Answers: a. Over-estimation b. Under-estimation

Question 14 4 out of 4 points By default ProjectLibre assumes unspecified task durations are ________. Answers: a. zero duration b. one day in duration, followed by a ? c. one unit in duration, followed by a ? d. simply a ? e. Both a. and d. are correct.

Question 15 0 out of 5 points How long does it take to go from one level to the next within the Capability Maturity Model or its sequel the CMMI? Answers: a. One decade b. One year at least c. Two years d. One quarter (year) e. Six months

Question 15 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the basic classifications of project priorities? Answers: a. Cost b. Profit c. Time d. Performance e. All of these are basic classifications.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points ________ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. Answers: a. Cost of capital b. Net present value c. Cash flow d. Payback e. Both c. and d. are correct.

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Jackson has just been assigned a project to develop a new advertising campaign for an established product. His first step should be to ________. Answers: a. determine the required completion date b. define the project scope c. establish project priorities d. assign team members to work on the project e. verify the budget available

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Which of the following costs has to do with appraisal? Answers: a. Interviewing costs b. Testing and inspection costs c. Rework costs d. Liability costs e. Training costs

Question 17 5 out of 5 points John is the coach of a high school soccer team and has noticed that some close relationships have formed as well as feelings of camaraderie and shared responsibilities for the team's success. Which stage of development is the team in? Answers: a. Storming b. Norming c. Forming d. Adjourning e. Performing

Question 18 4 out of 4 points ________, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory. Answers: a. Sigmund Freud b. Abraham Maslow c. Philip Zimbardo d. Eliyahu Goldratt e. Carl Jung

Question 18 4 out of 4 points Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. Probability distributions for PERT activity durations are represented by use of the Beta distribution. b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started. c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. d. Crashing is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. e. Both a. and d. are false statements.

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Estimation that is performed immediately before execution and often uses a bottom-up technique referred to as ________. Answers: a. budgetary estimation b. definitive estimation c. analogous estimation d. low-level developer estimation e. ubiquitous estimation

Question 18 5 out of 5 points If a project criterion indicates that the project must meet a specific date, that criterion is classified as ________. Answers: a. accepted b. constrained c. enhanced d. limited e. fixed

Question 19 4 out of 4 points In ProjectLibre, the tool that is used to establish sequencing among the activities is the ________. Answers: a. indent arrow on the task tab b. link tool on the task tab c. assign resources tool on the task tab d. insert tool under the task tab e. Both a. and c. are correct.

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Anna has just been given a project that has a specific target date. After discussion with top management she finds that while the date is important the cost is more important and a slip in delivery would be acceptable if required to meet the cost targets. The target date is best classified as ________. Answers: a. enhance b. accept c. optional d. constrain e. limit

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Iterations are short time frames ("time boxes") that typically last from ________. Answers: a. 7-12 weeks b. 1-4 weeks c. 4-7 weeks d. 1-2 weeks e. 1-4 days

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Which of the following contracts constitutes the greatest risk to the seller? Answers: a. Time and materials contracts b. Firm fixed price c. Cost-reimbursable contracts d. Cost plus incentive fees e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 2 4 out of 4 points BCWS stands for ________. Answers: a. Budgeted Cost of Work Systems b. Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled c. Budget Cumulative of Working Systems d. Budgeted Cost of Work Studied e. None of the alternatives is correct.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which of the following titles in a typical scrum arrangement is the project manager? Answers: a. Scrum developer b. Scrum master c. Scrum methodologist d. Product owner e. Scrum leader

Question 20 4 out of 4 points ________ involves using incentives to induce people to do things. Answers: a. Legitimate power b. Reward power c. Coercive power d. Referent power e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 20 4 out of 4 points Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables? Answers: a. Developing the schedule b. Defining activities c. Sequencing activities d. Controlling schedule e. Estimating activity durations

Question 22 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is a way to improve quality on the front-end of the development lifecycle? Answers: a. Unit testing b. Walkthroughs c. User acceptance testing d. Integration testing e. Regression testing

Question 23 4 out of 4 points In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual tasks? Answers: a. Controlling schedule b. Estimating activity durations c. Defining activities d. Planning schedule management e. Sequencing activities

Question 24 4 out of 4 points If the time units are months, effort is measured in ________ whereas duration is measured in _______. Answers: a. dollars, month-dollars b. man-months, month c. months, man-months d. month-dollars, dollars e. None of the alternatives is correct.

Question 3 4 out of 4 points According to psychological gurus Hertzberg, Maslow, McGregor and others, salary is ________. Answers: a. always a motivational factor b. sometimes a motivational factor c. never a motivational factor d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 3 4 out of 4 points According to Larson and Gray chapter 8, project network times are not a schedule until ________. Answers: a. budgets have been time-phased b. resources have been assigned c. costs have been determined d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. Probability distributions for PERT activity durations are represented by use of the Beta distribution. b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started. c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. d. Crashing is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. e. Both a. and d. are false statements.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points Estimating processes occur within what process group, what lifecycle phase? Answers: a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Monitoring and controlling e. Closing

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Which of the following contracts is a hybrid mixture of fixed price and cost reimbursable contracts? Answers: a. Firm fixed price b. Time and materials contracts c. Cost-reimbursable contracts d. Cost plus incentive fees e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points ________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. Answers: a. Prototyping b. Benchmarking c. None of these alternatives is correct. d. Systems thinking e. Mind mapping

Question 8 5 out of 5 points A typical amount to be added to budgets and schedules for such things as holidays, sick days, snow days, company meetings, training days, etc., is ________. Answers: a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% e. 25%

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following estimates is typically used for making decisions two to five years out? Answers: a. Estimation b. Strategic estimation c. Budgetary estimation d. Definitive estimation e. Accommodation of the customer

Question 18 5 out of 5 points From the standpoint of delivering value to the customer, which is faster? Answers: a. Traditional waterfall b. Agile methods c. Predictive methods d. Both predictive and agile methods e. Both predictive and waterfall methods

b Question 19 5 out of 5 points Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure to develop projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by ________. time to market

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Safety and the removal thereof applies to which of the following time reduction techniques? Answers: a. Do it right the first time b. Use critical chain concepts (Goldratt) c. Reuse, reuse, reuse d. Look for parallelism opportunities e. Reduce scope

b Response Feedback: According to Goldratt, everyone adds safety time to the personal estimates of how long it will take them to complete their assigned task.

Question 17 5 out of 5 points A backhoe that Susan needs on her project has been scheduled on another project. This is a ________ constraint. Answers: a. information b. equipment c. materials d. people e. working capital

b Response Feedback: Correct. Equipment is usually presented by type, size, and quantity. In some cases equipment can be interchanged to improve schedules, but this is not typical. Equipment is often overlooked as a constraint. The most common oversight is to assume the resource pool is more than adequate for the project.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points Which of the following are discrete tasks which require resources and time, within the context of projects? Answers: a. Processes b. Activities c. Schedules d. Value chains

b Response Feedback: Correct. In the context of projects, activities are discrete tasks that consume resources and time.

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Wayne needs to order memory chips needed to continue his project. The memory chips are needed now bu the supplier won't be able to deliver them until next week. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. equipment b. materials c. information d. people e. working capital

b Response Feedback: Correct. Material availability and shortages have been blamed for the delay of many projects. When it is known that a lack of availability of materials is important and probable, materials should be included in the project network plan and schedule.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points The ________ calculates the critical path and determines how long an activity can be delayed without delaying the project. Answers: a. parallel pass b. backward pass c. forward pass d. concurrent pass

b. Response Feedback:Correct. The backward pass determines which activities represent the critical path. The critical path is the longest path in the network which, when delayed, will delay the project and determines how long the activity can be delayed without delaying the project.

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Information on the project type, size, number of staff, and technology level would be included in which section of the audit report? Answers: a. Lessons learned b. Strategic objectives c. Classification of project d. Analysis e. Recommendations

Question 10 5 out of 5 points The lowest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is ________. Answers: a. an object b. a lowest sub deliverable c. a work package d. a cost account e. a work product

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Technical improvements and corrective actions typically appear in the ________ section of the final project report. Answers: a. Strategic objectives b. Analysis c. Recommendations d. Classification of project e. Lessons learned

Question 12 5 out of 5 points The essence of positive synergy can be found in the phrase ________. Answers: a. Front of ship sink---back of ship sink b. If it doesn't kill you, it makes you stronger c. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts d. Two heads are better than one e. There is no "I" in team

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following rules is part of the crashing heuristic? Answers: a. Crash only non-critical activities b. Pick the un-crashed activity with the largest crash cost per day as the next activity to crash c. Always crash the activity to its minimum duration if there is sufficient budget to do so and if that does not cause the associate path to no longer be critical d. All of these alternatives are legitimate crashing rules. e. Only a. and b. are legitimate crashing rules.

Question 13 4 out of 4 points What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? Answers: a. Inadequate staffing b. Poor listening skills c. A failure to communicate d. Lack of proper funding

Question 13 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not part of the Agile Alliance manifesto that declared four core values? Answers: a. Responding to change over following a plan. b. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools. c. Creating an end user survey. d. Working software over comprehensive documentation. e. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.

Question 14 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not part of project human resources management? Answers: a. Managing the project team b. Acquiring the project team c. Resource estimating d. Developing the project team

Question 14 5 out of 5 points Analogous estimating amounts to ________. Answers: a. bottom-up estimation b. expert judgment c. use of a past similar project d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only b. and c. are correct.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points David is managing a project team responsible for erecting a new office building. He notices that team members are trying out different behaviors to see what is acceptable to the project and personal relations. Which stage of development is the team in? Answers: a. Norming b. Storming c. Forming d. Performing e. Adjourning

Question 14 5 out of 5 points For private-sector firms, the objective of learning and maturity is ________. Answers: a. better employee morale b. personal growth c. more profit d. better quality e. self-actualized employees

Question 15 5 out of 5 points When marketing promised a new software product to an external client that is called ________. Answers: a. Budgetary estimation b. Strategic estimation c. Accommodation of the customer d. Estimation e. Definitive estimation

Question 16 0 out of 5 points Which of the following is the best organizational structure for getting projects done fast? Answers: a. Functional b. Projectized c. Dedicated project team d. Weak matrix e. Strong matrix

Question 16 5 out of 5 points In which level are 'best practices' institutionalized? Answers: a. Level 1 b. Level 2 c. Level 3 d. Level 4 e. Level 5

Question 16 5 out of 5 points The section of the final project report that new project teams are likely to find most useful is the ________. Answers: a. Strategic objectives b. Recommendations c. Lessons learned d. Classification of project e. Analysis

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Top-down estimation is often also referred to as ________. Answers: a. budgetary estimation b. low-level developer estimation c. analogous estimation d. definitive estimation e. ubiquitous estimation

Question 16 5 out of 5 points Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule? Answers: a. Estimating activity resources b. Quality controlling c. Planning schedule management d. Defining activities e. Activity sequencing

Question 17 5 out of 5 points A ________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. Answers: a. WBS dictionary b. cost account c. WBS d. work package e. scope statement

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the ________ process. Answers: a. performing quality assurance b. controlling quality c. planning quality management d. None of these alternatives is correct. e. quality certification

Question 17 5 out of 5 points The average duration of a task whose optimistic time is 30 and whose most likely time is 45 and whose pessimistic time is 90 is ________. Answers: a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 18 5 out of 5 points In project procurement management, the process of conducting procurements is part of the ________ lifecycle phase. Answers: a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling e. closing

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Which of the following estimates is typically done two years before start of execution? Answers: a. Accommodation of the customer b. Definitive estimation c. Budgetary estimation d. Strategic estimation e. Estimation

Question 19 4 out of 4 points ________ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. Answers: a. Philip Crosby b. Douglas McGregor c. Frederick Herzberg d. David McClelland e. Abraham Maslow

Question 19 5 out of 5 points At what level must a contractor be in order to do work for the U.S. Department of Defense? Answers: a. Level 1 b. Level 2 c. Level 3 d. Level 4 e. Level 5

Question 20 5 out of 5 points All of the following are true about work packages except ________. Answers: a. consume resources b. assigned to only one manager c. have medium to long duration d. definitive starts and stops dates e. All of these alternatives are true.

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Which of the following processes of project procurement management involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and making changes as needed? Answers: a. Settling contracts b. Selecting vendors c. Controlling procurements d. Deciding on the services to procure e. Closing procurements

Question 25 0 out of 4 points The task "Determine Requirements" is a 10-day task. Expenditures/day are set at $2,000. Day 5 is just completed. If the SPI is .8, the BCWP ________. (Hint: SPI= EV/PV) Answers: a. is $4,800 b. is the same as the PV c. is $8,000 d. depends on the AC e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 4 4 out of 4 points ________ address where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals. Answers: a. Technical reports b. Requirements reports c. Status reports d. Lessons-learned reports e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points Scrum, agile methodologies belong to which of the following methodology types? Answers: a. traditional waterfall with low ceremony b. iterative development with high ceremony c. iterative development with low ceremony d. iterative development with high discipline e. traditional waterfall with high ceremony

Question 5 5 out of 5 points As discussed in class, the cost to fix a defect ________ over time and becomes exorbitant once the defect ________. Answers: a. decreases linearly | is found b. increases linearly | 'walks out the door' c. increases exponentially | 'walks out the door' d. decreases exponentially | is found e. Both a. and c. are correct.

Question 6 4 out of 4 points Suppose you wanted to start task BB five days after task AA started. How would you do this in ProjectLibre? Answers: a. This is impossible in ProjectLibre. b. Place task BB in a finish/start relationship with its predecessor AA with a lag of five days. c. Place task BB in a start/start relationship with its predecessor AA with a lag of five days. d. Place task AA in a finish/start relationship with its predecessor BB with a lag of five days. e. Place task AA in a finish/finish relationship with its predecessor BB with a lag of five days.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? Answers: a. Start-to-start b. Finish-to finish c. Finish-to-start d. Start-to-finish e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points All of the following are part of the Agile Project Management model except ________. Answers: a. embrace change b. self organized project teams c. design up front d. flexibility e. high uncertainty

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Maturity models are almost always ________. Answers: a. three-level models b. four-level models c. five-level models d. six-level models e. seven-level models

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the three purposes for estimation? Answers: a. Far-out Strategic Planning (5 years out) b. Budgetary (2 years out) c. WAG d. Definitive (immediately before execution and used within execution) e. Both b. and c. are not purposes for estimation.

Question 8 4 out of 4 points A ________ report is a reflective statement that documents important knowledge gained from working on the project. Answers: a. project archive b. progress c. lessons-learned d. kanban

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Research shows the most frequently mentioned barrier to project success is ________. Answers: a. poor performance by team members b. political in-fighting c. poorly defined scope or mission d. weak project leadership e. not enough budget resources

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following tips for shortening projects aligns with the issue of quality? Answers: a. Look for parallelism opportunities b. Use critical chain concepts (Goldratt) c. Do it right the first time d. Reduce scope e. Reuse, reuse, reuse

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Goldratt maintains that most project managers utilize a ________ world. Such mentalities are a ________. Answers: a. critical path | mirage b. throughput | useful understanding c. cost | mirage d. holistic | valuable asset to the firm e. micro-management | waste

c Response Feedback: According to Goldratt, a cost mentality requires that project managers focus on cost reductions everywhere, leading to a lack of focus and a mirage.

Question 20 5 out of 5 points Which of the following time reduction techniques will reduce scope? Answers: a. Reuse, reuse, reuse b. Crashing c. Requirements scrubbing d. Use smaller batch sizes e. Critical chain concepts (Goldratt)

c Response Feedback: Scrubbing requirements is, by definition, a reduction in scope.

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Seven activities are to be considered for this problem. Additional information about these activities such as their activity time and immediate predecessors are included in the table that follows. Use this information to figure out the earliest completion time for this project using a Gantt chart. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) A None 1 B None 1 C A 4 D B 5 E C, D 5 F E 3 G F 2 Answers: a. 18 weeks b. 14 weeks c. 16 weeks d. 20 weeks

c Response Feedback: Correct. Below is the early start schedule for the given project represented using a Gantt chart. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) ES EF LS LF A None 1 0 1 1 2 B None 1 0 1 0 1 C A 4 1 5 2 6 D B 5 1 6 1 6 E C, D 5 6 11 6 11 F E 3 11 14 11 14 G F 2 14 16 14 16 Activities A and B can begin at time 0 and have durations of one week each. Activity C cannot begin until activity A is completed, and activity D cannot begin until activity B is completed thus, these activities are scheduled to begin at time 1. Activity C is completed at time 5, but activity E cannot begin until activity D is also complete. Once activity D is complete, activity E can begin at time 6. Activity F can then be scheduled at time 11, and activity G can be scheduled at time 14. Activity G finishes at time 16. Thus, the earliest completion time for the given project is 16 weeks.

Question 10 5 out of 5 points If it becomes necessary to delay one or several late starts to accommodate resource limitations, this is called ________. Answers: a. time-constrained scheduling b. allocation c. resource-constrained scheduling d. splitting e. mandatory leveling

c Response Feedback: Correct. If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the late start of some activities must be delayed, and the duration of the project may be increased. This process is called resource-constrained scheduling.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Renovation of a small compartment in a house boat or camping trailer that is too small for more than one person is an example of a(n) ________ resource constraint. Answers: a. time b. technical c. physical d. resource e. scheduling

c Response Feedback: Correct. Since space allows only one person to work at one time, all tasks have to be performed sequentially this is a physical constraint.

• Question 11 5 out of 5 points For any activity that has one or more predecessors, the ________ time is always the largest early finish of any of its predecessors. If the early finish times of an activity's predecessors were 85, 70 and 55, then this time would be the largest of these three early finish times or 85. Answers: a. early finish b. late start c. early start d. late finish

c Response Feedback: Correct. The early start of a merge activity is always the largest of the early finish times of any of its predecessors. If the early finish times of an activity's predecessors were 85, 70 and 55, then the early start time of the activity in question would be the largest of these three early finish times or 85.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points Covey suggests that we put the important stuff on our calendars ________. Answers: a. first and twice a week b. everyday c. first and once a week d. last and once a week e. last and twice a week

c.First and Once a Week

Question 16 5 out of 5 points An operational project is one that ________. Answers: a. supports an organizations' long run mission b. always is extremely relevant to the strategic vision of the organization c. can improve organizational performance d. must be completed e. is completed to meet regulatory compliance

can improve organizational performance

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Integration of all project processes and practices to improve Project Management is due to ________. Answers: a. project management system b. the organization's environment and culture c. environmental analysis d. customer expectations e. centralization

centrialization

Question 9 After we have created a list of things to get done in the next week, we should ________. Answers: a. check the list for completeness, making sure that any item on last week's TODO list not completed makes its way on this week's TODO list b. prioritize the list from most to least important c. put the important stuff on our calendar first d. scrub the unimportant stuff from the list e. put the important stuff on our calendar last

check the list for completeness, making sure that any item on last

Question 1 4 out of 4 points In face-to-face interactions, how is most information conveyed? Answers: a. By the tone of voice b. By the background noise c. By word-of-mouth d. By the body language e. By the words spoken

Question 1 5 out of 5 points Learning does not involve ________. Answers: a. reflection of the past b. risk-taking c. practicing d. maturing e. textbook studies

Question 1 5 out of 5 points ________ costs are things like resource hourly rates. Answers: a. Intangible b. Sunk c. Indirect d. Direct e. Tangible

Question 10 4 out of 4 points ________ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. Answers: a. Training the project team b. Developing the project team c. Acquiring the project team d. Managing the project team e. Developing the human resource plan

Question 10 5 out of 5 points To require lots of documentation, code that is well-commented, and lots of discipline is called ________. Answers: a. low ceremony b. low ceremony waterfall c. low ceremony iterative d. high ceremony e. low ceremony agile

Question 10 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is commonly associated with high-performing project teams? Answers: a. Risk taking is controlled and not allowed to jeopardize the overall project b. Roles and specific responsibilities are well-defined c. A degree of competition among team members is encouraged d. Mistakes are viewed as opportunities for learning e. All of these are associated with high-performing teams

Question 11 5 out of 5 points After planning scope management, the first step of project scope definition is to ________. Answers: a. analyze the current budget plan b. analyze the strategic plan c. meet with team members d. define the overall objective to meet the customer's needs e. select team members

Question 12 0 out of 5 points The method used to decompose and delineate the work involved in a project is called ________. Answers: a. organization breakdown structure b. work package c. priority matrix d. work breakdown structure e. responsibility matrix

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Which of the following tips for shortening the duration of projects involves prioritizing the functions of the product? Answers: a. Use critical chain concepts (Goldratt) b. Reuse, reuse, reuse c. Look for parallelism opportunities d. Reduce scope e. Do it right the first time

Question 13 4 out of 4 points According to PMBOK, the first process involved in project time management is ________. Answers: a. defining activities b. estimating activity durations c. sequencing activities d. planning schedule management e. developing schedule

Question 13 5 out of 5 points ________ contracts involve payment to the supplier for direct and indirect actual costs and often include fees. Answers: a. Lump sum b. Firm-fixed-price c. Fixed-price incentive fee d. Cost-reimbursable e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 13 5 out of 5 points ________ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable (unknown unknowns). Answers: a. Baseline b. Contingency c. Financial d. Management e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points The second step in the defining of a project would be to ________. Answers: a. select team members b. analyze the current budget plan c. analyze the strategic plan d. establish project priorities e. define the major objectives to meet the customer's needs

Question 15 5 out of 5 points Experience and research indicate that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under all the following conditions except ________. Answers: a. Members report solely to the project manager. b. Members are assigned to the project full time. c. The project involves a compelling objective. d. Team members are selected by their managers. e. There are 10 or fewer members per team.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points What kind of cash reserves are needed to accommodate holidays, sick days, snow days, company meetings, training days? Answers: a. Management reserves b. Budgetary reserves c. Unproductive days reserves d. Contingency reserves e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 17 4 out of 4 points At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs is ________ needs. Answers: a. money b. self-actualization c. safety d. physiological e. esteem

Question 17 4 out of 4 points As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. Further, you decide that testing of a module (an object, class) will not commence until the entire module has been coded and compiled. What type of dependency is this? Answers: a. External b. There is no dependency. c. Discretionary d. Mandatory e. Internal

Question 17 5 out of 5 points The biggest adjustment Americans typically have to make in working abroad is ________. Answers: a. language differences b. adapting to the general pace of life c. punctuality of people d. Both b. and c. are correct. e. a., b. and c. are all correct.

Question 17 5 out of 5 points What percent of IT projects should be completed with an adaptive, agile type of methodology? Answers: a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 70% e. 80%

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the items that would appear on a project scope checklist? Answers: a. Deliverables b. Technical requirements c. Reviews with customer d. Work breakdown structure e. Objectives

Question 2 4 out of 4 points Which 'phase' of the project lifecycle is performed throughout all of the other phases? Answers: a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Monitoring and controlling e. Closing

Question 2 4 out of 4 points In ProjectLibre, the tool that is used to designate subordination as displayed in the WBS is ________. Answers: a. link tool on the task tab b. assign resources tool on the task tab c. insert tool on the task tab d. indent tool on the task tab e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points The purpose of crashing is to ________. Answers: a. Reduce task cost b. Reduce project cost c. Improve product quality d. Reduce project duration, given a crashing budget e. None of the alternatives is correct.

Question 20 5 out of 5 points IT Projects that are of high priority and whose requirements are unstable or unknown are best accommodated by Answers: a. co-located teams b. dedicated project teams c. team members are senior level d. all of the above are correct

Question 20 5 out of 5 points When marketing informs the software development team that the product was promised to the customer on March 1st, that is a ________. Answers: a. target b. forecast c. due date d. commitment e. None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 25 4 out of 4 points Which of the following communication methods would be most appropriate for assessing the commitment of project stakeholders and building consensus? Answers: a. Messages b. Web sites c. E-mail d. Meetings e. Wikis

Question 3 5 out of 5 points In the Snapshot from Practice, New Balls Goes Flat in NBA, is an example of a project gone wrong when the ________ is/are not consulted. Answers: a. the Fans b. manufacture c. project manager d. end-users e. equipment and facilities managers

Question 3 5 out of 5 points In which level are quality and productivity measured? Answers: a. Level 1 b. Level 2 c. Level 3 d. Level 4 e. Level 5

Question 4 4 out of 4 points By default ProjectLibre makes which of the following assumptions about time? Answers: a. 8-hour days b. No work on Saturdays c. No work on Sundays d. All of the alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and team member emotions run from upbeat to depressed? Answers: a. Storming b. Performing c. Forming d. Adjourning e. Norming

Question 4 5 out of 5 points The implication of the cost of quality taxonomy discussed in class was to ________. Answers: a. spend more money on appraisal so as to incur less in the way of external costs due to bugs and software defects b. spend more money on prevention so as to incur less in the way of internal costs due to bugs and software defects c. spend more money on appraisal so as to incur less in the way of internal costs due to bugs and software defects d. spend more money on prevention so as to incur less in the way of external costs due to bugs and software defects e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Iterative development processes provide which important advantages ________. Answers: a. continuous integration, verification, and validation of the evolving product b. frequent demonstration of progress to increase the likelihood that the end product will satisfy customer needs c. Early detection of defects and problems d. a., b. and c. are correct. e. None of these alternative is correct.

Question 5 5 out of 5 points The highest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is ________. Answers: a. a work package b. a cost account c. major deliverables d. the project e. sub deliverables

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a reason for why estimates are needed? Answers: a. Estimates are needed to determine how long the project should take and its cost. b. Estimates are needed to determine whether the project is worth doing. c. Estimates are needed to support good decisions. d. Estimates are needed to measure and assess quality. e. Estimates are needed to schedule work.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points In reviewing the project plan, Sarah learns that the first deliverable is due by October 12. This would be called a ________. Answers: a. critical goal b. project target c. limit item d. milestone e. project objective

Question 6 5 out of 5 points Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this example fall under? Answers: a. Reducing costs b. Allowing the client organization to focus on its core business c. Providing flexibility d. Accessing skills and technologies

Question 7 0 out of 5 points When should inexperienced persons be used to estimate? Answers: a. When no one else is available b. When the project is new c. When there is no history database d. Both a. and c. are correct when taken together. e. Inexperienced persons should never be used to estimate.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points ________ begins with a review of the strategic intent of the project, selection criteria, project charter, project objectives, project scope, and acceptance criteria. Answers: a. Directing b. Recommendations c. Analysis d. Process Review e. Project Overview

Question 8 4 out of 4 points Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type. b. A three-point estimate in PERT includes an optimistic, a most likely, and a pessimistic estimate. c. A Gantt chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information on a timeline. d. Duration and effort are synonymous terms. e. Both b. and d. are false statements.

Question 8 5 out of 5 points American project managers have earned a reputation abroad for being very good at understanding technology but not good at understanding ________. Answers: a. cultures b. laws c. local business practices d. people e. local traditions

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not true of mature organizations? Answers: a. Products and processes and measured. b. Processes are defined and documented. c. Projects and processes finish on time and within budget. d. Success rides on individual effort. e. Roles and responsibilities are clear.

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer? Answers: a. Time and material b. Cost plus incentive fee c. Cost plus fixed fee d.Fixed price

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of Peter Senge's five disciplines? Answers: a. Mental Models b. Shared Vision c. Systems Thinking d. Measured and Managed e. Team Learning

Question 15 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? Answers: a. Build relationships b. Define the purpose and intended outcome of the meeting c. Determine if a meeting can be avoided d. Invite extra people who support your project to make the meeting run more smoothly

d Question 16 4 out of 4 points Which of the following would you regard as a fundamental principle of the discipline of project management? Answers: a. Satisfaction b. Surplus c. Safety d. Focus e. Slack;d

Question 3 5 out of 5 points In order for projects to finish on-time and within budget, the project manager must stay ________. Answers: a. in control b. on site c. must exercise authority and penalty d. focused e. use salary as a motivator

d Response Feedback: According to Goldratt, the project manager must stay focused on the right things. One of those is whether the critical path is on schedule or not.

Question 11 5 out of 5 points Assume you are a project manager for a project that has an absolute deadline that must be adhered to. Your project is in the middle of the executing phase. The project is substantially behind schedule, but the CFO will provide additional funds if necessary. The scope cannot be reduced at this point. Which of the following time reduction techniques is most appropriate under these circumstances? Answers: a. Do it right the first time b. Compromise on quality c. Hire additional personnel to work on tasks that are behind schedule d. Use overtime e. Scrub requirements

d Response Feedback: Hiring additional personnel only slows the progress because of the training involved and the additional communication overhead. Scrubbing requirements reduces scope, so that is not possible. Compromise on quality is never possible. Doing it right the first time is not going to get the project back on schedule when it is behind. The only viable option here is to use overtime.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, cumulative indirect costs typically ________. Answers: a. become unstable b. stay the same c. become unreliable d. decrease e. increase

d Response Feedback: Indirect costs vary with time. That is, any reduction in time should result in a reduction of cumulative indirect costs.

Question 14 0 out of 5 points Which of the following is not a Goldratt recommendation in regard to critical chain concepts? Answers: a. Remove safety from task estimates and place it in a project buffer at the end of the project. b. At the point where each feeding path intersects with the critical path, place another time buffer, called a feeding buffer. c. Place incentives in contracts for early or on-time completion. d. Assign your weakest people to the non-critical tasks. e. Expect the persons performing the tasks to do nothing but their tasks (150% focus) until they get it done.

d Response Feedback: It is generally recommended that the best people will be assigned to critical tasks. All of the other items mentioned above were specifically recommended by Goldratt.

Question 1 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is true about late and early finishes? Answers: a. Late finishes lead to a project that is finished early while early finishes do not. b. Early finishes lead to a project that is finished late while late finishes do not. c. Early finishes tend to accumulate leading to a project that is finished early while late finishes do not. d. Late finishes tend to accumulate leading to a project that is finished late while early finishes do not. e. Early finishes lead to a project that is finished early while late finishes do not

d Response Feedback: Early finishes of noncritical tasks are of no consequence since such tasks already have slack. Late finishes of critical tasks have the potential to delay the entire project. Such lateness tends to accumulate as one late task leads to a subsequent task that is also late or later and so forth.

• Question 13 5 out of 5 points When creating a software package, the software must be designed, the code must be written, and then the code must be tested. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. physical b. resource c. schedule d. technical e. time

d Response Feedback: Correct. A network for a new software project could place the activities in the network, as a sequence of (1) design, (2) code, and (3) test. In other words, you cannot logically perform activity 2 until 1 is completed, and so on. The project network depicts technical constraints.

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Rose leads the advertising of an innovative product, Teckos, just launched by her company. She has determined the advertising for Teckos is an individual project consisting of 7 activities. Information pertinent to these activities is included in the table that follows. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) A None 2 B None 2 C A 4 D B 5 E C 5 F D 2 G E, F 2 Using a Gantt chart, determine the earliest completion time for the project. Answers: a. 11 weeks b. 10 weeks c. 12 weeks d. 13 weeks

d Response Feedback: Correct. Below is the early start schedule for the advertising project represented using a Gantt chart. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) ES EF LS LF A None 2 0 2 0 2 B None 2 0 2 2 4 C A 4 2 6 2 6 D B 5 2 7 4 9 E C 5 6 11 6 11 F D 2 7 9 9 11 G E, F 2 11 13 11 13 Activities A and B can begin at time 0 and have durations of two weeks each. Activity C cannot begin until activity A is completed, and activity D cannot begin until activity B is completed thus, these activities are scheduled to begin at time 2. Activity E can begin after activity C is complete at time 6, and activity F can begin when activity D is complete at time 7. Activity G can only be scheduled at time 11 after both E and F are complete. Activity G finishes at time 13. Thus, the earliest completion time for the given project is 13 weeks.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand and, thus, increase resource utilization is called resource ________. Answers: a. manipulating b. switching c. shifting d. smoothing e. allocation

d Response Feedback:Correct. If resources are adequate but the demand varies widely over the life of the project, it may be desirable to even out resource demand by delaying noncritical activities (using slack) to lower peak demand and, thus, increase resource utilization. This process is called resource smoothing.

In which of the following lifecycle phases is a project charter created? a. Closing b. Planning c. Executing d. Initiating e. Monitoring

d. Initiating

Question 2 Which of the following is not a project? a. Creating a PowerPoint presentation b. Setting up a sales kiosk for a meeting c. Developing a spreadsheet template d. Manufacturing an iPhone e. Writing a term paper

d. Manufacturing an IPhone

Question 6 5 out of 5 points A project engineer has been scheduled to run the product system test at the exact same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. time b. scheduling c. physical d. resource e. technical

d. Resource Response Feedback: Correct. If one person must perform all activities, the resource constraint requires the activities be performed in sequence or series.

Question 20 From 1994 to 2009 the phenomena of project lateness or of projects being over budget were ________. Answers: a. significantly, substantially decreased b. about the same c. significantly increased d. decreased somewhat (fewer projects were late or over budget) e. slightly increased (more projects were late or over budget)

decreased somewhat (fewer projects were late or over budget)

Question 8 5 out of 5 points Empowerment is ________. Answers: a. possible without alignment b. giving authority to do something c. delegation with detachment d. governed by negotiations e. encouragement

delegation w/ attachment

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Empowerment is ________. Answers: a. governed by negotiations b. encouragement c. delegation with detachment d. giving authority to do something e. possible without alignment

delegation with detachment

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Before you can apply the regret criterion, you have to do all of the following except ________. Answers: a. determine the payoffs b. determine state probabilities c. determine column maximums d. determine a regret number for each state/alternative pair e. All of these alternatives have to be done.

determine state probabilities

Question 17 5 out of 5 points In terms of managing one's calendar, it is important to ________. Answers: a. do planning and scheduling once a week b. put the unimportant activities on your calendar first c. do planning and scheduling once a month d. All of these alternatives are true. e. Only a. and b. are true.

do planning and scheduling once a week

Question 10 4 out of 4 points A ________ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed) and has infinite tails. Answers: a. Beta distribution b. Exponential distribution c. Poisson distribution d. Rectangular distribution e. Normal distribution

Question 10 5 out of 5 points The only sustainable competitive advantage is the rate at which teams, organizations and individuals ________. Answers: a. take risks b. innovate c. use information technology d. become more mature e. learn

Question 10 5 out of 5 points ________ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions. Answers: a. None of these alternatives is correct. b. Performance c. Maintainability d. Functionality e. Reliability

Question 11 4 out of 4 points Enterprise Environmental Factors refer to ________. Answers: a. standards applied b. codes of conduct and ethics c. impacts of the suppliers and customers d. corporate governance and culture e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 12 5 out of 5 points Under which heading of the Wrap-up closure checklist should the question "Has an in-depth project review and evaluation interview with the customer been conducted?" be answered. Answers: a. Equipment and facilities b. Profit and loss statement c. Team d. Vendors/contractors e. Customer/Users

Question 13 To crash the critical path beyond the point where it is no longer critical is ________. Answers: a. to allow another path to become critical b. to waste money c. permissible by the rules d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

Question 13 0 out of 5 points From the standpoint of completing and delivering the total project, which is faster and cheaper? Answers: a. Traditional waterfall b. Agile methods c. Predictive methods d. Both predictive and agile methods e. Both predictive and traditional waterfall methods

Question 13 5 out of 5 points All of the following are usually included in a work package except ________. Answers: a. What will be done? b. The time needed to complete the work. c. A single person who is responsible for its completion. d. All the costs for the work package. e. All of these are included in a work package.

Question 14 5 out of 5 points Closing out ________ is often messy and filled with untied ends. Answers: a. project review meetings b. teams c. invoices d. reports e. contracts

Question 14 5 out of 5 points The distribution used in a PERT representation of a task duration is ________. Answers: a. the uniform distribution b. the exponential distribution c. the normal distribution d. the Poisson distribution e. the beta distribution

Question 14 5 out of 5 points ________ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area. Answers: a. Cost estimating b. Developing a project management plan c. Schedule development d. Quality planning e. Creating of a WBS

Question 16 4 out of 4 points The purpose of placing a PROJECT summary task at the very beginning of the list of tasks in the entry table is to ________. Answers: a. see total project duration and total project cost on the top line of the entry table b. enable a collection of tasks to be predecessors to the PROJECT summary task c. make visible the milestones of the project d. create mini projects within the context of the larger PROJECT e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not one of the five levels that make up the CMMI? Answers: a. Quantitatively Managed b. Defined c. Optimizing d. Performed e. Repeatable

Question 18 5 out of 5 points Culture is a concept that encompasses all of the following except ________. Answers: a. beliefs b. shared norms c. values d. customs e. economic level

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Why is it necessary to enumerate every path when crashing a project? Answers: a. So as to determine the length of every path and to determine the critical path b. So as to determine which tasks are not critical c. So as to determine the effects on every path length from crashing a specific task d. So as to determine if the critical path has been crashed beyond the point where it is no longer critical e. Only c. and d. are correct.

Question 2 5 out of 5 points Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in ________ processes. Answers: a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling e. closing

Question 2 5 out of 5 points In which of the following theories does the project group transition from a lower level to a higher level of performance about halfway through the project? Answers: a. Synergistic Transition Development Model b. Five Stage Team Development Model c. Dysfunctional Transition Model d. Nominal Group Technique e. Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Group Development

Question 2 5 out of 5 points The Hofstede framework includes all of the following dimensions except ________. Answers: a. Masculinity-feminity b. Uncertainty avoidance c. Power distance d. Individualism versus collectivism e. All of these are included in the Hofstede framework

Question 2 5 out of 5 points ________ costs are costs related to the amount of time and resources allocated to completion of the project, whereas ________ costs are such items as overhead, pension and healthcare plans, etc. Answers: a. Sunk | indirect b. Direct | sunk c. Indirect | junk d. Indirect | direct e. Direct | indirect

Question 20 5 out of 5 points If you were trying to estimate the cost of a new project that was five years out from even being started, most likely you would be using ________. Answers: a. Top-down estimation b. Bottom-up estimation c. Analogous estimation d. None of these alternative is correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Question 23 4 out of 4 points Organizational Process Assets refer to all but ________. Answers: a. history databases b. WBS templates c. lessons learned d. risk templates e. government standards

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Josh is new-product project manager for a retail company. Recently the team has exhibited a high degree of conflict over who will control the group and how decisions will be made. Which stage of development is the team in? Answers: a. Norming b. Performing c. Forming d. Adjourning e. Storming

Question 3 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is a typical problem associated with cost estimates? Answers: a. Estimates are done too quickly; estimates are off-the-cuff b. People lack estimating experience c. Human beings are biased toward underestimation d. Management desires accuracy e. All of these alternatives are problems associated with cost estimates.

Question 4 5 out of 5 points A conversation about deeply held beliefs is called ________. Answers: a. debate b. discussion c. deep state d. détente e. dialogue

Question 5 4 out of 4 points The best time to write the user acceptance test plan is ________. Answers: a. at the beginning of the planning phase b. at the beginning of the executing phase c. at the beginning of the closing phase d. before you do integration testing e. immediately after completing the requirements document

Question 5 5 out of 5 points During which stage of team development do team members try to find out what behaviors are acceptable and what performance expectations are? Answers: a. Adjourning b. Performing c. Norming d. Storming e. Forming

Question 5 5 out of 5 points Which of the following is not true of immature organizations?. Answers: a. Processes are typically improvised on the fly. b. Process are ad hoc, occasionally chaotic. c. Testing, walkthroughs are usually curtailed under stress. d. Budgets and Schedules are usually exceeded. e. Quality is predictable.

Question 6 5 out of 5 points A new innovation that is to be tested would require ________. Answers: a. measuring performance before-hand b. incorporating the innovation c. measuring performance afterwards d. Only a. and b. are correct. e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Question 7 5 out of 5 points ________ is a major expected output that is derived from a project. Answers: a. An objective b. A target c. A product d. An end object e. A deliverable

Question 8 5 out of 5 points In the Scrum Development Process a specific feature is ________. Answers: a. analysis b. design c. build d. test e. All of these alternatives are correct.

•Question 25 4 out of 4 points In order to see total project duration and total project cost as well as meta-task durations and costs, it is recommended that you ________. Answers: a. include a project summary task as your first task under which all other tasks are subordinate b. insert a cost column in the Entry table c. replace the Entry table with the Resources view d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

Response Feedback: Crashing increases the direct labor, equipment or material costs, all of which are direct costs. Question 7 5 out of 5 points Measurements and rewards should ________. Answers: a. assess progress relative to budget b. be totally oblivious to those being measured c. measure and reward everything d. be reported to upper management weekly e. induce the parts of the system to do what is good for the system as a whole

e Response Feedback: According to Goldratt, firms often measure and reward the wrong things, getting as a result the wrong behavior leading to poor profit and revenue performance.

Question 15 5 out of 5 points The shortest possible time an activity can be completed realistically is called ________ time. Answers: a. expedited b. optimistic c. optimal d. accelerated e. crash

e Response Feedback: The shortest possible time an activity can realistically be completed in is called its crash time.

Question 8 5 out of 5 points The lack of understanding and consensus of organization strategy among top and middle:level managers is known as the ________. Answers: a. lack of consensus b. priority confusion c. implementation gap d. lack of comprehension e. None of these alternatives is correct.

implementation gap

Question 13 5 out of 5 points A(n) ________ is a risk event that can have a positive impact on project objectives. Answers: a. weakness b. threat c. milestone d. strength e. opportunity

opportunity

Question 15 5 out of 5 points The two major elements of the enterprise environment in which projects are implemented include ________ and ________. Answers: a. organizational structure | culture b. corporate primary processes | best practices c. corporate strategy | core competencies d. corporate governance | core competencies e. corporate governance | culture

organizational structure | culture

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Corporate downsizing has increased the trend toward ________. Answers: a. longer project lead times b. shorter project lead times c. using dedicated project teams d. reducing the number of projects a company initiates e. outsourcing significant segments of project work

outsourcing significant segments of project work

Question 7 5 out of 5 points Good project management structures balance the needs of both the ________ and ________. Answers: a. parent organization | the project b. corporate strategy | core competencies c. corporate primary processes | best practices d. corporate governance | culture e. organizational structure | culture

parent organization | the project

Question 20 5 out of 5 points A simple explanation of organizational culture is that it reflects the ________ of an organization. Answers: a. personality b. background c. management style d. hierarchy e. reporting relationships

personality

Question 17 5 out of 5 points Within PMBOK, almost every knowledge area begins with a ________ process and ends with a ________ process. Answers: a. mediating | delivering b. planning | closing c. identifying | closing d. identifying | controlling e.. planning | controlling

planning | controlling

Question 10 5 out of 5 points A series of coordinated, related, multiple projects that continue over extended time intended to achieve a goal is known as a ________. Answers: a. crusade b. campaign c. venture d. strategy e. program

program

Question 5 5 out of 5 points A weighted scoring model typically uses several weighted selection criteria to evaluate project proposals. An example of this would be a(n) ________. Answers: a. score multiplication b. project screening matrix c. selection criterion d. project proposal e. weighted score

project screening matrix

Question 19 5 out of 5 points Construction firms and consulting firms, where most of the work is project work, the most appropriate organizational structure is ________. Answers: a. projectized organizational structure b. matrix organizational structure c. dedicated project teams d. functional organizational structure e. None of these alternatives is correct.

projectized organizational structure

Question 15 5 out of 5 points A project that a powerful, high ranking official is advocating is often termed a(n) ________. Answers: a. pearl b. white elephant c. sacred cow d. bread and butter project e. oyster

sacred cow

Question 20 5 out of 5 points The expected value and expected regret criteria always ________. Answers: a. tell you what the expected payoff of perfect information is b. tell you what the expected payoff of sample information is c. produce the same number or value d. tell you what the expected benefits of using either is e. select the same alternative

select the same alternative

Question 9 5 out of 5 points Some ways to generate lists of possible risks include all but ________. Answers: a. RBS b. risk profiling c. problem identification d. brainstorming e. simulation

simulation

Question 2 5 out of 5 points In a SWOT analysis, good product quality, low debt, and an established supplier network are examples of internal ________. Answers: a. opportunities b. weaknesses c. strengths d. targets e. threats

strengths

technical | sociocultural

Question 20 5 out of 5 points The greatest enemy of the best things we could do with our time is ________. Answers: a. None of these alternatives is correct. b. the good things we can do with our time c. the urgent things we do with our time d. those periods of time in which we relax, play video games and read our Facebook entries e. the not urgent, unimportant things we can do with our time

the good things we do with our time

Question 19 5 out of 5 points When identifying risks, one common mistake made early in the process is ________. Answers: a. for participants to be overly-pessimistic b. to give too much attention to past events c. to focus on objectives and not on the events that could produce consequences d. to not consider all possibilities e. for participants to be overly-optimistic

to focus on objectives and not on the events that could produce consequences

Question 20 5 out of 5 points People within an organization working on multiple efforts concurrently is an indicator of ________. Answers: a. too many projects taken on at once b. completely allocated staff c. shrewd scheduling d. project prioritization e. optimized processes

too many projects taken at once

Question 1 5 out of 5 points In a matrix organizational structure, every team member has ________. Answers: a. two desks b. someone who can substitute for him or her c. two reporting authorities--two chains of command d. confusion as to which project to work on e. two or more projects to work on

two reporting authorities--two chains of command

Question 9 IT projects differ from construction projects in all of the following ways, except ________. Answers: a. with IT projects, requirements are less definitive b. with IT projects, there is more risk c. with IT projects, there is more newness d. with IT projects, the technology is changing more rapidly e. with IT projects, there is more visibility

with IT projects, there is more visibility

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