IST 202 Chapter 3

52) Which of the following occurred in the 1990-2000 generation of computing?

B) The personal computer era ended and the interpersonal computing era began.

23) Bandwidth is measured in ________.

Bits per second

64) ________ is used to increase Web application performance.

C) Edge Computing

47) A company's ________ secures proprietary information stored within the corporate local area network and/or wide area network so that the information can be viewed only by authorized users.

C) Firewall

67) Which of the following differentiates grid computing from cloud computing?

C) Grid computing is applied to a single large problem.

70) ________, the use of the Internet protocol (IP) for transporting voice, video, fax, and data traffic, has allowed enterprises to make use of new forms of communication and collaboration, as well as traditional forms of communication, at much lower costs.

C) IP convergence

60) Which of the following statements is true about the platform as a service model?

C) The customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider.

50) Which of the following occurred in the 1946-1958 generation of computing?

C) The mainframe era began.

55) Manufacturers of hardware and software often apply the concept of planned obsolescence, meaning that ________.

C) the product is designed to last only for a certain life span

49) Data centers managed by a third party that rents out space to multiple organizational customers are known as ________.

Collocation facilities

63) ________ is used to solve large-scale computing problems.

D) Grid computing

58) The ability to adapt to increases or decreases in demand for processing or data storage is known as ________.

D) scalability

42) Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".edu" after the domain name in its URL?

Harvard Business School

43) In a URL, the ________ is the particular Web server or group of Web servers (if it is a larger Web site) that will respond to the Web request.

Host name

33) Which of the following features of the Web contains not only information but also references or links to other documents?

Hypertext

34) The standard method of specifying the format of Web pages is called ________.

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

37) Web servers process user requests for pages using the ________.

Hypertext transfer protocol

21) With respect to computer networks, a typical ________ network has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps.

Local Area

40) Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".com" after the domain name in its URL?

Microsoft

17) ________ is designed to shield programmers from having to build applications for different underlying operating systems, particularly in heterogeneous, distributed environments.

Middleware

12) The most prominent type of system software, the ________, coordinates the interaction between hardware components, peripherals, application software, and users.

Operating System

27) ________ networks enable any computer or device on the network to provide and request services. All members of the network have equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.

Peer-to-peer

10) With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is used for small business computing.

Personal computer

29) With respect to computer networks, organizations often install a dedicated telephone system called a ________ to route external phone calls or connect internal telephone extensions.

Private branch exchange

20) ________ define the procedures that different computers follow when they transmit and receive data.

Protocols

14) ________ software is the collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware.

System

15) The operating system of a computer is an example of ________ software.

Systems

53) Which of the following occurred in the 1958-1964 generation of computing?

The mainframe era expanded

25) A ________ is any computer that may both request and provide services.

peer

26) Which of the following computer networks is used for providing wireless communication between devices, using technologies such as Bluetooth?

personal area network

7) With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is any computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of the network.

server

4) Which of the following is a difference between a server and a workstation?

A workstation is typically used by one user at a time

51) Which of the following occurred in the 1964-1990 generation of computing?

C) The mainframe era ended and the personal computer era began.

19) With respect to computer networking, ________ refers to the physical pathway—cable(s) and wireless—used to carry network information.

Transmission-media

13) Which of the following is an example of an operating system?

Ubuntu Linux

48) Most companies allow their employees to use ________ networks to connect to the company's intranet while on the road or working from home.

Virtual Private

32) A hypertext document is otherwise known as a ________.

Web Page

31) A ________ is a software application that can be used to locate and display Web pages, including text, graphics, and multimedia content.

Web browser

35) With regard to the World Wide Web, Web pages are stored on ________.

Web servers

28) With respect to computer networks, ________ are also referred to as Wi-Fi networks.

Wireless local area networks

30) The ________ is a system of interlinked documents on the Internet, or a graphical user interface to the Internet that provides users with a simple, consistent interface to access a wide variety of information.

World Wide Web

1) Which of the following tasks is performed by application software?

Writing a Business Letter

57) As defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "________ is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."

cloud computing

44) Which of the following is the host name in the URL "labs.google.co.in/jack carver"?

labs

6) With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is very large and is used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations.

mainframe

3) With respect to the five general classes of computers, ________ are typically used for mission critical applications, such as transaction processing.

mainframes

39) The suffix ".org" is reserved for ________.

non-profit organizations

66) ImmuneEarth, a research and development company, has a motto to "eradicate all diseases." It has numerous departments that research the cure of various diseases. One of its largest departments includes the AIDS department where more than 500 scientists are researching the cure for AIDS. ImmuneEarth has numerous computers that have been grouped into a cohesive system for this purpose. Recently, one of its computers was updated because it had low performance which had slowed the entire system. Which of the following is ImmuneEarth using to research the cure for AIDS?

A) Grid Computing

59) Which of the following statements is true about the software as a service model?

A) The customer has no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings.

61) Which of the following statements is true about the infrastructure as a service model?

A) The customer has to manage the licenses for the operating systems being used.

65) ________ is used to transmit voice and video communication over the Internet.

B) IP convergence

62) Which of the following statements is true about a public cloud?

B) It can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis.

38) Which of the following statements is true about a Uniform Resource Locator?

B) It is used to identify and locate a particular Web page.

54) The prediction that the number of transistors on a chip would double about every two years is known as ________.

E) Moore's Law

5) With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is the most expensive and most powerful kind of computer, which is used primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems.

supercomputer

9) Which of the following general classes of computers designed for medical, engineering, or animation and graphics design uses are optimized for visualization and rendering of three-dimensional models, and typically have fast processors, large memory, and advanced video cards?

workstations

8) Which of the following statements is true about servers?

A) They are used to provide services to users within large organizations or to Web users.

46) The protocol used by the Internet is called the ________.

A) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

69) With respect to the recent trends in IS hardware infrastructure management, ________ is moving processing and data storage away from a centralized location to the "corners" of a network.

B) edge computing

22) ________ is the transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, which represents how much binary data can be reliably transmitted over the medium in one second.

Bandwidth

24) A ________ is any computer on the network, or any software application that uses only the services provided by the server.

Client

36) The ".com" suffix in a uniform resource locater is reserved for ________.

Commercial organizations

45) Which of the following statements is true about an IP address?

D) It can be used to navigate to particular Web addresses.

56) Under the ________ model, organizations "rent" resources such as processing, data storage, or networking from an external provider on an as-needed basis and pay only for the services used.

D) Utility computing

68) In grid computing, the slowest computer creates a bottleneck and slows down the entire grid. A(n) ________ grid, consisting of a large number of computers, can help overcome these problems.

D) dedicated

2) A fundamental component of the IS infrastructure is the ________, that is, the computers that run the applications and databases necessary for processing transactions or analyzing business data.

Hardware

18) Governmental regulations such as the ________ Act mandate archiving business documents and relevant internal communication, including e-mail and instant messages.

Sarbanes-Oxley

11) With respect to the five general classes of computers, a ________ is typically used for scientific research.

Supercomputer

41) Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".org" after the domain name in its URL?

The Red Cross Society

16) Operating systems are often written in ________, a very low level computer programming language that allows the computer to operate quickly and efficiently.

assembly language